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Ji XT, Yu WL, Jin MJ, Lu LJ, Yin HP, Wang HH. Possible Role of Cellular Polyamine Metabolism in Neuronal Apoptosis. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:281-290. [PMID: 38453792 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular levels of polyamines (PAs) are significantly altered in neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence from in vivo animal and in vitro cell experiments suggests that the cellular levels of various PAs may play important roles in the central nervous system through the regulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, cellular immunity, and ion channel functions. Dysfunction of PA metabolism related enzymes also contributes to neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in the current work, evidence was collected to determine the possible associations between cellular levels of PAs, and related enzymes and the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, which could provide a new idea for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wen-Lei Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Stomatology, Huzhou Wuxing District People's Hospital, Huzhou Wuxing District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huzhou, 313008, China
| | - Meng-Jia Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Lin-Jie Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Stomatology, Haining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314400, China
| | - Hong-Ping Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Denk CH, Kunzmann J, Maieron A, Wöhrer A, Quinot V, Oberndorfer S. Histopathological examination of characteristic brain MRI findings in acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy: A case report and review of the literature. Neuroradiol J 2023:19714009231212370. [PMID: 37915221 DOI: 10.1177/19714009231212370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy is associated with distinct brain MRI findings, namely, hyperintensity in T2-weighted sequences as well as restricted diffusion in diffusion-weighted imaging with accentuation in the insular cortex and cingulate gyrus. The pathophysiology and the histopathological correlates of these characteristic MRI findings are largely unknown. CASE REPORT We present a 57-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and a clinical syndrome (variceal bleeding, depression of consciousness, seizures), elevated plasma ammonia levels, and characteristic brain MRI abnormalities suggestive of acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy. A postmortem histopathological examination revealed extensive hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy without evidence for metabolic encephalopathy. No episodes of prolonged cerebral hypoxemia were documented throughout the course of the disease. We conducted a review of the literature, which exhibited no reports of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in association with characteristic brain MRI findings and a consecutive histopathological examination. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a patient with acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy together with characteristic brain MRI findings and a histopathological correlation. Although characteristic MRI findings of acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy were present, a histopathological examination revealed only hypoxic pathology without signs of metabolic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Denk
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences (KLPU), Austria
| | - J Kunzmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences (KLPU), Austria
| | - A Maieron
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences (KLPU), Austria
| | - A Wöhrer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - V Quinot
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - S Oberndorfer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner Private University of Health Sciences (KLPU), Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Neurology and Neuropsychology, Austria
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Bharathi NK, Thomas MM, Yoganathan S, Chandran M, Aaron R, Danda S. Phenotypic Pleiotropy in Arginase Deficiency: A Single Center Cohort. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:1104-1108. [PMID: 36911443 PMCID: PMC9996474 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_612_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arginase deficiency is considered a masquerader of diplegic cerebral palsy. The rarity of hyperammonemic crisis and the slowly progressive course has made it a unique entity among the urea cycle defects. Objectives The aim of our study is to describe the varied phenotypic spectrum of children with arginase deficiency. Methodology This retrospective study included children and adolescents aged <18 years with a biochemical or genetic diagnosis of arginase deficiency from May 2011 to May 2022. Data were collected from the hospital's electronic database. The clinical presentation, laboratory parameters at baseline and during metabolic decompensation, neuroimaging, electroencephalography findings, and molecular studies were analyzed. Results About 11 children from nine families with biochemically or genetically proven arginase deficiency were analyzed. The male: female ratio was 2.7:1. Consanguineous parentage was observed in all children. The median age at presentation was 36 months (Range: 5 months-18 years). All children with onset of symptoms in early childhood had a predominant delay in motor milestones of varying severity. Metabolic decompensation with encephalopathy occurred in all except two children (n = 9, 81.8%). Pyramidal signs were present in all patients and additional extrapyramidal signs in two children. Positive family history was present in four probands. Seizures occurred in all children. Epilepsy with electrical status in slow wave sleep and West syndrome was noted in three children. All children had elevated ammonia and arginine at the time of metabolic crisis. The spectrum of neuroimaging findings includes periventricular, subcortical, and deep white matter signal changes and diffusion restriction. The mean duration of follow-up was 38.6 ± 34.08 months. All patients were managed with an arginine-restricted diet and sodium benzoate with or without ornithine supplementation. Conclusion Spastic diparesis, recurrent encephalopathy, presence of family history, and elevated serum arginine levels must alert the clinician to suspect arginase deficiency. Atypical presentations in our cohort include frequent metabolic crises and epileptic encephalopathy. Early identification and management will ensure a better neurodevelopmental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadham K. Bharathi
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maya Mary Thomas
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Yoganathan
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Chandran
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rekha Aaron
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Behera CK, Rup AR, Samal S, Das B. Identification of a novel homozygous intron 3 splice site (A>T) mutation in the ARG1 gene in cerebral palsy pediatric cases from Odisha, India. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4155-4160. [PMID: 35505270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginase enzyme is essential for the catalysis of the last step of the urea cycle, resulting in the conversion of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. Arginase deficiency could lead to hyperarginemia, an autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle that could result in developmental manifestations after the first year of life, followed by gradually progressive atonic cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegia, and mental decline. ARG1 mutations have been reported in hyperarginemia patients of Western countries because they exhibited reduced arginase activity. Hence, it is important to assess ARG1 mutations in cerebral palsy cases with hyperarginemia in different populations. METHODS AND RESULTS This study involved two unrelated pediatric patients from two non-consanguineous East Indian families, exhibiting a range of manifestations, including hypotonia of all limbs, mental retardation, and multiple episodes of seizure. The onset of the disease ranged from 1 to 3 years of age. Hyperammonemia (> 250 micromoles) and serum hyperarginemia (> 350 micromoles) were observed in both the patients. Whole-genome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing of both the patients confirmed the presence of a homozygous 3' splice site variation in intron 3 of the ARG1 gene (chr6: g.131902357A>T) that affects the invariant AG acceptor splice site of exon 4 (c.330-2A>T; ENST00000356962.2). CONCLUSION The study reported the identification of a novel ARG1 mutation in two different unrelated pediatric cases from Odisha, India associated with hyperarginemia. The pathogenicity of the mutation was robustly supported by the clinical phenotype, complete co-segregation with the disease, and biochemical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Kumar Behera
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Ranjan Rup
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sagnika Samal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswadeep Das
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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