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Serum Concentrations and Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid after Two Means of Topical Administration in Massive Weight Loss Skin-Reducing Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:1169e-1178e. [PMID: 31136475 PMCID: PMC6553511 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Topical administration of tranexamic acid to reduce bleeding is receiving increasing attention, as it is inexpensive, simple, and possibly beneficial in most surgery. Concerns regarding potential systemic adverse effects such as thromboembolic events and seizures may prevent general use of tranexamic acid. Although serum concentrations after topical application are assumed to be low, proper pharmacokinetic studies of tranexamic acid after topical application are lacking. Methods: The authors have investigated systemic absorption of tranexamic acid after two means of topical administration in patients undergoing abdominoplasty after massive weight loss: a bolus of 200 ml of 5 mg/ml into the wound cavity versus moistening the wound surface with 20 ml of 25 mg/ml. Twelve patients were recruited in each group. Serum concentrations achieved were compared with those after administration of 1 g as an intravenous bolus to arthroplasty patients. Serial blood samples for tranexamic acid analysis were obtained for up to 24 hours. Results: After intravenous administration, the peak serum concentration was 66.1 ± 13.0 µg/ml after 6 ± 2 minutes. Peak serum concentration after topical moistening was 5.2 ± 2.6 µg/ml after 80 ± 33 minutes, and in the topical bolus group, it was 4.9 ± 1.8 µg/ml after 359 ± 70 minutes. Topical moistening resulted in homogenous and predictable absorption across the individuals included, whereas topical bolus administration caused variable and unpredictable serum concentrations. Conclusion: Topical administration of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing abdominoplasty results in low serum concentrations, which are highly unlikely to cause systemic effects.
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Guo J, Gao X, Ma Y, Lv H, Hu W, Zhang S, Ji H, Wang G, Shi J. Different dose regimes and administration methods of tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:129. [PMID: 31307381 PMCID: PMC6631782 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce perioperative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion in cardiac surgeries has been proved in previous studies, but its adverse effects especially seizure has always been a problem of concern. This meta-analysis aims to provide information on the optimal dosage and delivery method which is effective with the least adverse outcomes. METHODS We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE for all relevant articles published before 2018/12/31. Inclusion criteria were adult patients undergoing elective heart surgeries, and only randomized control trials comparing TXA with placebo were considered. Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted relevant data. RESULTS We included 49 studies with 10,591 patients into analysis. TXA significantly reduced transfusion rate (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.78, P<0.00001). The overall transfusion rate was 35%(1573/4477) for patients using TXA and 49%(2190/4408) for patients in the control group. Peri-operative blood loss (MD - 246.98 ml, 95% CI - 287.89 to - 206.06 ml, P<0.00001) and re-operation rate (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.79, P<0.0001) were also reduced significantly. TXA usage did not increase risk of mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism and renal dysfunction, but was associated with a significantly increase in seizure attack (RR 3.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 9.90, P = 0.04).The overall rate of seizure attack was 0.62%(21/3378) for patients using TXA and 0.15%(5/3406) for patients in the control group. In subgroup analysis, TXA was effective for both on-pump and off-pump surgeries. Topical application didn't reduce the need for transfusion requirement, while intravenous delivery no matter as bolus injection alone or bolus plus continuous infusion were effective. Intravenous high-dose TXA didn't further decrease transfusion rate compared with low-dose regimen, and increased the risk of seizure by 4.83 times. No patients in the low-dose group had seizure attack. CONCLUSIONS TXA was effective in reducing transfusion requirement in all kinds of cardiac surgeries. Low-dose intravenous infusion was the most preferable delivery method which was as effective as high-dose regimen in reducing transfusion rate without increasing the risk of seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Xurong Gao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Operating room, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Huran Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 305th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, No.13 Wenjin Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wu’an First People’s Hospital, Kuangjian Road, Handan, Hebei Province China
| | - Hongwen Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Guyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng district, Beijing, China
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The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): a meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:104. [PMID: 31195987 PMCID: PMC6567423 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unconfirmed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on this topic. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PUBMED and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials on the topic. The results of this work are synthetized and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Results Twenty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. TXA reduced the incidence of postoperative reoperation of bleeding (relative risk [RR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.31–0.68), the frequency of any allogeneic transfusion (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52–0.78) and the postoperative chest tube drainage in the first 24 h by 206 ml (95% CI − 248.23 to − 164.15). TXA did not significantly affect the incidence of postoperative cerebrovascular accident (RR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.62–1.39), mortality (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.53–1.28), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.78–1.05), acute renal insufficiency (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.77–1.32). However, it may increase the incidence of postoperative seizures (RR, 6.67; 95%CI, 1.77–25.20). Moreover, the subgroup analyses in on-pump and off-pump CABG, the sensitivity analyses in trials randomized more than 99 participants and sensitivity analyses that excluded the study with the largest number of participants further strengthened the above results. Conclusions TXA is effective to reduce reoperation for bleeding, blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood products in patients undergoing CABG without increasing prothrombotic complication. However, it may increase the risk of postoperative seizures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-019-0761-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Habbab LM, Hussain S, Power P, Bashir S, Gao P, Semelhago L, VanHelder T, Parry D, Chu V, Lamy A. Decreasing Postoperative Blood Loss by Topical vs. Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Open Cardiac Surgery (DEPOSITION) study: Results of a pilot study. J Card Surg 2019; 34:305-311. [PMID: 30908754 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery patients are at high risk for postoperative bleeding. Intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TxA) is a commonly used antifibrinolytic drug, but is associated with postoperative seizures. We conducted this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the feasibility of a larger trial that will be designed to investigate the impact of TxA administration route, intrapericardial (IP) vs IV, on postoperative bleeding and seizures. METHODS In this single-center, double-blinded, pilot RCT we enrolled adult patients undergoing nonemergent on-pump cardiac operations through a median sternotomy. Participants were randomized to IP or IV TxA groups. The primary outcomes were cumulative chest tube drainage, transfusion requirements, and incidence of postoperative seizures. RESULTS A total of 97 participants were randomized to the intervention and control groups. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Most participants underwent a CABG and/or aortic valve replacement. There was no statistical difference. The IP TxA group was found to have a tendency for less chest tube drainage in comparison to the IV TxA group, 500.5 (370.0-700.0) and 540.0 (420.0-700.0) mL, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.2854). Fewer participants in the IP TxA group with cardiac tamponade and/or required a reoperation for bleeding and fewer packed red blood cell transfusions. None of the IP TxA group developed seizure vs one from the IV TxA group. CONCLUSION This is the first known pilot RCT to investigate the role of TxA route of administration in open cardiac surgery. Intrapericardial TxA shows promising results with decreased bleeding, transfusion requirements, reoperations, and postoperative seizures. A larger RCT is needed to confirm these results and lead to a change in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay M Habbab
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Hussain
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Power
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaheena Bashir
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peggy Gao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lloyd Semelhago
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas VanHelder
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominic Parry
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - André Lamy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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