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SUR SUBHAYAN, DAVRAY DIMPLE, BASU SOUMYA, KHEUR SUPRIYA, PAL JAYANTAKUMAR, NAGAR SHUCHI, SANAP AVINASH, RUDAGI BHIMAPPAM, GUPTA SAMIR. Novel insights on oral squamous cell carcinoma management using long non-coding RNAs. Oncol Res 2024; 32:1589-1612. [PMID: 39308526 PMCID: PMC11413828 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.052120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with a poor overall survival rate (about 50%), particularly in cases of metastasis. RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept, and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies. This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications. LncRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs, are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways. However, unlike mRNA, lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA, RNA, proteins, or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells. Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and down-regulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers. Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or over-expression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in in-vivo animal models. The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity. This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival, proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, epigenetic modification, tumor immune microenvironment, and drug resistance. Subsequently, we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems, providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field. In essence, this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- SUBHAYAN SUR
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411033, India
| | - DIMPLE DAVRAY
- Bioinformatics Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India
| | - SOUMYA BASU
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411033, India
| | - SUPRIYA KHEUR
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
| | - JAYANTA KUMAR PAL
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411033, India
| | - SHUCHI NAGAR
- Bioinformatics Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India
| | - AVINASH SANAP
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
| | - BHIMAPPA M. RUDAGI
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
| | - SAMIR GUPTA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
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Gupta I, Badrzadeh F, Tsentalovich Y, Gaykalova DA. Connecting the dots: investigating the link between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic influences in metabolomic alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:239. [PMID: 39169426 PMCID: PMC11337877 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for around 90% of all oral cancers and is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. Despite progress in managing OSCC, the overall prognosis remains poor, with a survival rate of around 50-60%, largely due to tumor size and recurrence. The challenges of late-stage diagnosis and limitations in current methods emphasize the urgent need for less invasive techniques to enable early detection and treatment, crucial for improving outcomes in this aggressive form of oral cancer. Research is currently aimed at unraveling tumor-specific metabolite profiles to identify candidate biomarkers as well as discover underlying pathways involved in the onset and progression of cancer that could be used as new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Metabolomics is an advanced technological approach to identify metabolites in different sample types (biological fluids and tissues). Since OSCC promotes metabolic reprogramming influenced by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, and viral infections, the identification of distinct metabolites through screening may aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Moreover, studies have shown the use of metabolites during the catalysis of epigenetic modification, indicating a link between epigenetics and metabolism. In this review, we will focus on the link between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic influences in metabolomic alterations in OSCC. In addition, we will discuss therapeutic targets of tumor metabolism, which may prevent oral tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Badrzadeh
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuri Tsentalovich
- International tomography center CB RAS, Institutskaya str. 3a, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Genome Sciences, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Rajakumar HK, Coimbatore Sathyabal V, Vivekanandam A, Nasrin Jabarulla K, Balamurugesan P. Evaluation of nuclear morphometry in exfoliative cytology of buccal mucosa in patients with high risk of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2024; 152:106793. [PMID: 38581818 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer poses a significant global health burden, with India having the highest prevalence. Effective detection is crucial in effective prevention. This study aimed to evaluate nuclear morphometric parameters (NMPs) in buccal mucosa cells of smokers, correlate NMPs with dysplasia, establish cut off values for grading dysplasia, and investigate the relationship between NMPs and smoking. METHODS After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, patients were recruited from the outpatient department of our institution. A target sample size of 250 was calculated. The data included smoking exposure quantified in pack-years, nuclear morphometric analysis (NMA) of buccal mucosa cells obtained through oral cytology using Image J, and the severity of dysplasia of the slides assessed by pathologists. Statistical analysis assessed the impact of dysplasia and the association between nuclear characteristics and smoking exposure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots determined the potential of these parameters to distinguish dysplasia levels. RESULTS Significant differences in NMPs were observed among different smoking groups. Dysplasia severity had a significant correlation with NMPs, and strong correlations were found between NMPs and lifetime smoking exposure. ROC analysis established cut off values for NMPs with good sensitivity and specificity for classifying dysplasia severity. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of NMA as a tool for oral cancer screening. NMPs can distinguish dysplasia severity and correlate with tobacco (smoking). The efficiency of NMA in a non-invasive oral cytology offers promise for patient-centered screening Additionally, the findings suggest future applications in telepathology and the potential for AI integration in automated screening after conducting multicentric large-scale studies.
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Dey S, Biswas B, Manoj Appadan A, Shah J, Pal JK, Basu S, Sur S. Non-Coding RNAs in Oral Cancer: Emerging Roles and Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3752. [PMID: 37568568 PMCID: PMC10417002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is among the most prevalent cancers in the world. Certain geographical areas are disproportionately affected by OC cases due to the regional differences in dietary habits, tobacco and alcohol consumption. However, conventional therapeutic methods do not yield satisfying treatment outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the disease process and to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OC. In this review, we discuss the role of various types of ncRNAs in OC, and their promising clinical implications as prognostic or diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. MicroRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) are the major ncRNA types whose involvement in OC are emerging. Dysregulated expression of ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are linked with the initiation, progression, as well as therapy resistance of OC via modulation in a series of cellular pathways through epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational modifications. Differential expressions of miRNAs and lncRNAs in blood, saliva or extracellular vesicles have indicated potential diagnostic and prognostic importance. In this review, we have summarized all the promising aspects of ncRNAs in the management of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pimpri 411033, India; (S.D.)
| | - Subhayan Sur
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pimpri 411033, India; (S.D.)
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Gao ZB, Zhang WJ, Tuo R, Xiao X, Cao WJ. Transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with oral cancer during perioperative period. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30220. [PMID: 36107552 PMCID: PMC9439821 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study retrospectively investigated the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with oral cancer (OC) during the perioperative period (PPP). This retrospective study reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent OC surgery and experienced anxiety and depression during PPP. The patients were divided into the treatment (n = 36) and control (n = 36) groups. The patients in the treatment group received tDCS, whereas those in the control group did not receive tDCS. The primary outcomes included the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Secondary outcomes included adverse events (AEs). We analyzed the outcome data before and after treatment. After treatment, patients in the treatment group achieved greater relief in SAS (P < .01) and SDS (P < .01) scores than those in the control group. Regarding safety, no electronic medical records reported any AEs in this study. The results of this study showed that tDCS may help relieve depression and anxiety in patients with OC during PPP. However, high-quality prospective randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-biao Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Wen-juan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Rui Tuo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Wei-jing Cao
- Department of Periodontology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
- * Correspondence: Wei-jing Cao, MB, Department of Periodontology, Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, No. 43 North Street, Baota District, Yan’an 716000, China (e-mail: )
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Lajolo C, Tranfa M, Patini R, Fiorino A, Musarra T, Boniello R, Moro A. Clinical Evaluation of the Optical Filter for Autofluorescence Glasses for Oral Cancer Curing Light Exposed (GOCCLES ®) in the Management of Potentially Premalignant Disorders: A Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5579. [PMID: 35564975 PMCID: PMC9100244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Any oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) must be regularly monitored through clinical examination to detect any possible malignant transformation. Conventional intraoral exams, however, can be difficult because these conditions may resemble benign lesions. For this reason, several non-invasive diagnostic technologies have been developed to help the clinician in detecting and distinguishing between cancerous and benign lesions. Epithelial dysplasia can be considered the most important predictor of malignant evolution. Therefore, in this study we aim to evaluate the ability of an optical filter for autofluorescence Glasses for Oral Cancer Curing Light Exposed (GOCCLES®) and of toluidine blue staining in identifying dysplastic areas in patients with OPMDs. METHODS In this retrospective study, medical records, photographs and videos of 25 patients with oral lesions were analyzed. Forty-two biopsy samples in 25 patients with OPMDs and at least one suspicious oral mucosa lesion that were evaluated in white light, autofluorescence with optical filter GOCCLES®, toluidine blue staining and then biopsied with histopathological analysis were analyzed. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity for the autofluorescence evaluation with GOCCLES® for identifying dysplasia or carcinoma were 66% and 48%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 34% and 77%, respectively, and the accuracy was 53%. The sensitivity and specificity for toluidine blue staining were 91% and 68%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 55% and 95%, respectively, and the accuracy was 75%. CONCLUSIONS The optical filter for autofluorescence (GOCCLES®) and toluidine blue staining are simple, inexpensive, rapid and non-invasive procedures that can assist the clinician in distinguishing OPMDs from healthy mucosa but they are not able to distinguish benign and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lajolo
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.); (A.F.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Tranfa
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.); (A.F.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Romeo Patini
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.); (A.F.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonino Fiorino
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.); (A.F.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Teresa Musarra
- Department of Women’s, Children’s and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Boniello
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.); (A.F.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Moro
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (M.T.); (A.F.); (R.B.); (A.M.)
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