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Mani V, Arfeen M, Hafez Abde AM, M. Ali H. Ciproxifan Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Mouse Brain. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.407.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030493. [PMID: 35326143 PMCID: PMC8944741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived (phyto) carbazole alkaloids are an important class of compounds, presented in the family of Rutaceae (Genera Murraya, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum and Zanthoxylum). Due to several significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-HIV and neuroprotective activities of the parent skeleton (3-methylcarbazole), carbazole alkaloids are recognized as an important class of potential therapeutic agents. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may exhibit a vast range of conditions, affecting neurons primarily and leading ultimately to the progressive losses of normal motor and cognitive functions. The main pathophysiological indicators of NDs comprise increasing atypical protein folding, oxidative stresses, mitochondrial dysfunctions, deranged neurotransmissions and neuronal losses. Phyto-carbazole alkaloids can be investigated for exerting multitarget approaches to ameliorating NDs. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of phyto-carbazole alkaloids from the Rutaceae family in ameliorating NDs.
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Tan MA, Sharma N, An SSA. Multi-Target Approach of Murraya koenigii Leaves in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:188. [PMID: 35215300 PMCID: PMC8880493 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) mainly affect neurons and gradually lead to a loss of normal motor and cognitive functions. Atypical protein homeostasis-misfolding, aggregations and accumulations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-are common features in most NDs. To date, due to the complex etiology and pathogenesis of NDs, no defined treatment is available. There has been increasing interest in plant extracts as potential alternative medicines as the presence of various active components may exert synergistic and multi-pharmacological effects. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments. Pharmacological studies evidenced its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities, among others. In line with our interest in exploring natural agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review presents an overview of literature concerning the mechanisms of action and the safety profile of significant bioactive components present in M. koenigii leaves to support further investigations into their neuroprotective therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Tan
- College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Mani V, Arfeen M, M. Ali H, Hafez Abde AM, Alhowail A. Neuroprotective Effect of Clobenpropit in Lipopolysaccharides- induced Mice via Enhancing Cholinergic Transmission. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.321.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mani V, Arfeen M, Sajid S, Almogbel Y. Aqueous Ajwa dates seeds extract improves memory impairment in type-2 diabetes mellitus rats by reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing brain cholinergic transmission. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2738-2748. [PMID: 35531250 PMCID: PMC9072939 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder prevalent across the globe and is known to cause brain dysfunction, especially memory and cognitive decline. The current study investigates the effect of aqueous Ajwa seeds extract (AASE) on type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced memory deficits using a rat model. T2DM was induced by an administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.). AASE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were treated to T2DM rats for 30 days and the results were compared with the metformin (200 mg/kg). Elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were performed to assess the memory functions. The blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were estimated to assess the anti-diabetic effects of AASE. Acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels were estimated from brain homogenates to assess cholinergic transmission. Treatment with AASE resulted in the reversal of behavioral deficits. EPM showed, a significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) among T2DM rats. High exploration time with a novel object and improvement in discrimination index were observed among treated groups during the NOR test. The Y-Maze test improved the entries and also time spent in the novel arm. Moreover, treatment of AASE reversed hyperglycemic and enhanced plasma insulin levels (200 mg/kg: 3.81 ± 0.08 ng/ml and 400 mg/kg: 4.09 ± 0.10 ng/ml) among T2DM rats (2.81 ± 0.15 ng/ml). Improved ACh levels (200 mg/kg: 186.6 ± 9.51 pg/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 165.5 ± 9.25 pg/mg protein) and reduced AChE levels (200 mg/kg: 0.29 ± 0.02 ng/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 0.32 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein) were also noted in the brain of AASE treated groups as referred to diabetic group (ACh: 107.1 ± 7.16 pg/mg protein and AChE: 0.51 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein). The above results were found to be comparable with the metformin-treated groups. From the results, it can be concluded that AASE has the potential to improve T2DM associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan Sajid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Mani V, Mohd Azahan NS, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Abdul Majeed AB. Mahanimbine Improved Aging-Related Memory Deficits in Mice through Enhanced Cholinergic Transmission and Suppressed Oxidative Stress, Amyloid Levels, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 35053756 PMCID: PMC8773876 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Murraya koenigii leaves contain mahanimbine, a carbazole alkaloid, reported with improving cholinergic neuronal transmission and reducing neuroinflammation in the CNS. The current research investigated the effects of mahanimbine on age-related memory deficits, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid formation, and neuroinflammation in aged mice (16 months old). Mahanimbine was administered (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o.) daily to groups of aged mice for 30 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) task was performed to study spatial learning (escape latency (EL) and swimming distance (SD)) and memory (probe test). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), β-amyloid (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42), β-secretase (BACE-1), as well as neuroinflammation markers (total cyclooxygenase (COX) and COX-2 expression), were measured from the isolated brain. Mahanimbine reduced the EL time and SD in the MWM test. From the probe trial, the mahanimbine-treated group spent more time in the targeted quadrant related to the age-matched control, which indicated the enhancement of memory retention. From the biochemical tests, the treatment decreased MDA, AChE, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42, BACE-1, total COX activity, and COX-2 expression. It also raised the brain GSH and ACh levels in aged mice compared to age-matched control. These results have supported the reversal of memory dysfunctions by mahanimbine in aged mice and hypothesized that it could be a potential target to treat age-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nur Syamimi Mohd Azahan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
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Neuroprotective Effect of Clobenpropit against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cognitive Deficits via Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Enhancing Mitochondrial Functions in Mice. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121617. [PMID: 34942919 PMCID: PMC8699680 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clobenpropit (CLO), an antagonist on histamine H3 receptors (HH3R), has been shown to protect NMDA-induced neuronal necrosis in cortical neuronal cell culture from rats. In this work, we explored its potential on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory deficits, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. CLO (1 and 3 mg/kg, p.o.) was treated continually for 30 days, and neurotoxicity was induced by four doses of LPS (250 µg/kg, i.p.). The radial arm maze (RAM) was used to access memory behaviors. After the REM test, brain tissue was collected from each mouse to estimate pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL6), anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1 and IL-10), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC- I, II and IV) enzymes. CLO treatment reversed the LPS-induced behavioral deficits by a significant reduction in time taken to consume all five bites (TTB), working memory error (WME), and reference memory error (REM) in the REM test. Regarding neuroinflammation, it attenuated the release of COX, TNF-α, and IL-6, and augmented TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels in the brain. Reversal of LPS-induced brain MRCC (I, II, and IV) levels also resulted with CLO treatment. From these findings, CLO promises neuroprotection against LPS-induced cognitive deficits by ameliorating neuroinflammation and restoring the MRCC enzymes in mice.
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