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Manjuprasanna VN, Urs AP, Rudresha GV, Milan Gowda MD, Jayachandra K, Hiremath V, Rajaiah R, Vishwanath BS. Drupin, a thrombin-like protease prompts platelet activation and aggregation through protease-activated receptors. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:870-881. [PMID: 33748988 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis is a proteolytically regulated process that requires activation of platelets and the blood coagulation cascade upon vascular injury. Activated platelets create a thrombogenic environment and amplify the coagulation process. Plant latex proteases (PLPs) have been used as therapeutic components to treat various ailments by folk healers. One of the main applications of plant latices is to stop bleeding from minor injuries and to enhance wound healing activity. Although many studies have reported the pro-coagulant activities of PLPs, an in-depth investigation is required to understand the mechanism of action of PLPs on platelets. Here, the effect of PLPs on platelet aggregation was studied systematically to validate the observed pharmacological effect by folk healers. Among 29 latices from the Ficus genus tested, Ficus drupacea exhibited potent pro-coagulant and thrombin-like activity. Drupin, a thrombin-like cysteine protease responsible for platelet aggregation was purified from F. drupacea latex. Drupin exhibits pro-coagulant activity and reduces the bleeding time in mice tail. It induces platelet aggregation by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases and the nuclear factor-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling cascade, which, in turn, phosphorylats, cytosolic phospholipase A2 leading to the release of thromboxane A2 from the granules to activate the nearby platelets to aggregate. Furthermore, we investigated the involvement of protease-activated receptors in drupin-induced platelet aggregation using specific protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and PAR4 receptor antagonists. The results confirmed that the drupin-induced platelet aggregation was mediated by both PAR1 and PAR4, synergistically. Overall, drupin reduces the bleeding time by exerting pro-coagulant activity and induces platelet aggregation by activating the intracellular signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amog P Urs
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gotravalli V Rudresha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Krishnegowda Jayachandra
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vilas Hiremath
- Vijayashree Diagnostics, Specialized Coagulation Lab, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Rajaiah
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bannikuppe S Vishwanath
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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