Depression prevalence, its psychosocial and clinical predictors, in diabetes mellitus patients attending two health institutions of north India catering rural population

Relationship between sleep quality and depression in people with type 2 diabetes

Background

sleep quality disorder is both a risk factor for diabetics and a symptom of depression. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and depression in people with type 2 diabetes in Delijan city in 2022.

Methods

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 245 people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM). The data were collected from health centers and homes, diabetes clinics in the city of Delijan. The sampling method in this study was Convenienc. Inclusion criteria include people over 30 years old, people with a history of diabetes for more than six months and and people with no known mental disorders. Data collection tools included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Beck questionnaire, clinical information about diabetes(FBS, %HbA1c level and duration of diabetes), and a checklist of demographic information. SPSS 23 software was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Chi-square, ANOVA and logistic regression. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

The mean (SD) age of the participants was 57.58 (10.58) years. Regarding gender, 162 subjects (66.1%) were female. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the quality of sleep in people with type 2 diabetes with gender, education, Family history T2DM, age, and between depression with gender and FBG. a statistically significant relationship was observed between sleep quality and depression. Also, according to the logistic regression, sleep quality (dependent variable) showed a significant relationship with depression, age, sex, and education.

Conclusion

According to the results, there is a significant relationship between sleep quality and depression In people with T2DM, so it can be used in periodic care of diabetic people to screen for depression, which could improve their sleep quality to some extent.

The Hidden Burden-Exploring Depression Risk in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

INTRODUCTION

Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication among patients with diabetes mellitus, and it has been linked to a higher risk of depression. However, the magnitude of this association remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the risk of depression in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to diabetes patients without nephropathy.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic literature review, searching multiple databases from January 1964 to March 2023, and included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. We assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa scale for observational studies. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 14.2, and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 60 studies were included.

RESULTS

The pooled OR for the risk of depression among patients with diabetic nephropathy was 1.78 (95% CI 1.56-2.04; I² = 83%; n = 56), indicating a significantly higher risk compared to diabetes patients without nephropathy (p < 0.001). Pooling the effect size across these studies showed that the pooled OR was 1.15 (95% CI 1.14-1.16; I² = 88%; n = 32). Subgroup analyses based on the type of diabetes and study region revealed no significant differences in the pooled estimates.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that patients with diabetic nephropathy have a significantly higher risk of depression compared to diabetes patients without nephropathy. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and addressing the mental health of patients with diabetic nephropathy as part of their overall healthcare management.

Biopsychosocial and Nutritional Factors of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

The rising prevalence of depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients has triggered an alarming situation, and further actions need to be taken by health care professionals and policymakers to curb the issue. There is a lack of evidence review in terms of the biopsychosocial and nutritional factors that are related to depression among T2DM. Hence, this review aimed to identify available evidence on the biopsychosocial and nutritional factors associated with depression among T2DM patients based on the existing literature. Articles were systematically searched from four databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOHost. The approach for the identification of the final articles followed PRISMA guidelines. The selected full-text articles were published between 2017 and 2021 in the English language, and included studies focused on depression among T2DM patients. Using AXIS tools, the eligible articles were evaluated to assess the quality of studies. A total of 19 studies were included in the review, and information related to research questions and associated factors was extracted. Biological, psychological, social, and nutritional factors were shown to be linked with depression among T2DM patients. Future studies need to considered using the biopsychosocial model and incorporating nutritional factors to manage the issues of depression among T2DM patients.

Quality of Life and its Determinants in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus from Two Health Institutions of Sub-himalayan Region of India

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes serious deterioration in general quality of life (QoL) mainly affecting the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Routine assessment of QoL improves communication with the patient, helps to predict treatment response, and supports clinical decision-making. QoL can predict an individual's capacity to manage the disease and maintain long-term health and wellbeing.

AIMS

To find out the QoL and its socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical determinants among DM patients attending health institutions from sub-Himalayan region, catering rural population.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals mostly catering rural population from 2014 to 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data of DM patients (N = 300) were collected. They were administeredHindi translation of QoL Instrument for Indian Diabetes Patients (QOLID) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SSPS) (Version 17.0, USA).

RESULTS

About 10% had very poor, 13% poor, 11% average, 16% good, and 50% very good QoL on QOLID. General health (GH) and treatment satisfaction (TS) were the most affected domains. Fatigue was the most common symptom (79%) reported in QOLID. Age more than 55 years, rural background, and PHQ-9 score of more than 7 were predictors of poorer QoL.

CONCLUSION

There is a need for a holistic and collaborative care of DM patients, to maintain a good HRQoL. Screening of depression, fatigue, and regular assessment of QoL should be emphasized.