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Firdous SM, Pal S, Khanam S, Zakir F. Behavioral neuroscience in zebrafish: unravelling the complexity of brain-behavior relationships. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03275-5. [PMID: 38970686 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This paper reviews the utility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system for exploring neurobehavioral phenomena in preclinical research, focusing on physiological processes, disorders, and neurotoxicity biomarkers. A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted to summarize the various behavioral characteristics of zebrafish. The study examined the etiological agents used to induce neurotoxicity and the biomarkers involved, including Aβ42, tau, MMP-13, MAO, NF-Кβ, and GFAP. Additionally, the different zebrafish study models and their responses to neurobehavioral analysis were discussed. The review identified several key biomarkers of neurotoxicity in zebrafish, each impacting different aspects of neurogenesis, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Aβ42 was found to alter neuronal growth and stem cell function. Tau's interaction with tubulin affected microtubule stability and led to tauopathies under pathological conditions. MMP-13 was linked to oxidative assault and sensory neuron degeneration. MAO plays a role in neurotransmitter metabolism and neurotoxicity conversion. NF-Кβ was involved in pro-inflammatory pathways, and GFAP was indicative of neuroinflammation and astroglial activation. Zebrafish provide a valuable model for neurobehavioral research, adhering to the "3Rs" philosophy. Their neurotoxicity biomarkers offer insights into the mechanisms of neurogenesis, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. This model system aids in evaluating physiological and pathological conditions, enhancing our understanding of neurobehavioral phenomena and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mohammed Firdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & AHS, Uluberia, Howrah, 711316, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sourav Pal
- P.G. Institute of Medical Sciences, Dhurabila, Dhamkuria, Paschim Medinipur: 72:1201, Chandrakona Town, West Bengal, India
| | - Sofia Khanam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Foziyah Zakir
- Department of B.Pharm (Ayurveda), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
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Tripathi PN, Lodhi A, Rai SN, Nandi NK, Dumoga S, Yadav P, Tiwari AK, Singh SK, El-Shorbagi ANA, Chaudhary S. Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Management Using Traditional Medicinal Plants. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:47-74. [PMID: 38784601 PMCID: PMC11114142 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s452009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. While there is currently no cure for AD, several pharmacotherapeutic targets and management strategies have been explored. Additionally, traditional medicinal plants have gained attention for their potential role in AD management. Pharmacotherapeutic targets in AD include amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction. Traditional medicinal plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Huperzia serrata, Curcuma longa (turmeric), and Panax ginseng, have demonstrated the ability to modulate these targets through their bioactive compounds. Ginkgo biloba, for instance, contains flavonoids and terpenoids that exhibit neuroprotective effects by reducing Aβ deposition and enhancing cerebral blood flow. Huperzia serrata, a natural source of huperzine A, has acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting properties, thus improving cholinergic function. Curcuma longa, enriched with curcumin, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, potentially mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Panax ginseng's ginsenosides have shown neuroprotective and anti-amyloidogenic properties. The investigation of traditional medicinal plants as a complementary approach to AD management offers several advantages, including a lower risk of adverse effects and potential multi-target interactions. Furthermore, the cultural knowledge and utilization of these plants provide a rich source of information for the development of new therapies. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action, standardize preparations, and assess the safety and efficacy of these natural remedies. Integrating traditional medicinal-plant-based therapies with modern pharmacotherapies may hold the key to a more comprehensive and effective approach to AD treatment. This review aims to explore the pharmacotherapeutic targets in AD and assess the potential of traditional medicinal plants in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Lodhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Center of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdel-Nasser A El-Shorbagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Flynn A, Brennan A, Barry M, Redfern S, Casey D. Social connectedness and the role of virtual reality: experiences and perceptions of people living with dementia and their caregivers. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38372257 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2310262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE People living with dementia are often at increased risk of becoming socially disconnected due to dementia-related challenges. In recent years, digital technology has been designed to help address the social health of people living with dementia and provide opportunities to promote or maintain their social connectedness. This paper presents the findings from phase two of a participatory action research project, which explored people living with dementia and their caregiver's experiences and perceptions of social connectedness and the potential role of Virtual Reality (VR) in promoting or maintaining same. MATERIALS AND METHODS People living with dementia (n = 8) and their informal caregivers (n = 8) participated in an individual, 1:1 online interview. Data analysis was guided by reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The findings presented four themes: social connectedness: lived experiences and insights, facilitating social connectedness, barriers to social connectedness and the potential of multi-user VR for social connectedness. People living with dementia experienced a range of personal, community and societal connectedness. Facilitators of social connectedness included supportive, non-judgemental, and reciprocal relationships, technology adoption, and personal and contextual facilitators. Dementia-related difficulties and periods of disruption or change were considered barriers to social connectedness. Multi-user VR was perceived as useful for promoting and maintaining social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS The perceived usefulness of multi-user VR for social connectedness indicates its potential for use with this population. Understanding the lived experiences, barriers, and facilitators of social connectedness will assist researchers and the human-computer interaction community to inform the design of future multi-user VR for social connectedness outcomes with people living with dementia and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Flynn
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Attracta Brennan
- School of Computer Science, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Barry
- Information and Communication Studies, ADAPT Centre, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sam Redfern
- School of Computer Science, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dympna Casey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Ahmed SE, Raju R, Kurien A, M K, Bano S, Shalma H. Impact of Denture Prostheses on Cognitive Functioning in Completely Edentulous Patients: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43570. [PMID: 37719519 PMCID: PMC10503404 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim is to evaluate the impact of denture prostheses on cognitive functioning in completely edentulous patients using a novel cognitive assessment tool. METHODS Thirty (n=30) completely edentulous patients of age groups above 60 years were taken in the present study group. Pre- and post-cognitive assessments were done on the patients using a novel cognitive assessment tool, Dental Cognitive Functioning Assessment Tool (DCFAT). These assessments were done in the pre-treatment stage and after two weeks and three months of prostheses function. RESULTS The mean DCFAT score of 30 patients shows 10.13 recorded prior to denture fabrication and 11.5 and 14 after two weeks and three months of prosthesis function, respectively. A mean difference in the DCFAT score of 1.37 was seen between the pre-denture fabrication stage and two weeks of prosthesis function. The mean difference in DCFAT score of 3.87 was seen between the pre-denture fabrication stage and three months of prosthesis function and the mean difference score of DCFAT score 2.5 was observed after two weeks and three months of prosthesis function. One-way ANOVA was used to investigate the statistical difference between bivariate samples followed by the post hoc Tukey test. The results were statistically significant p < 0.00001. CONCLUSION The inference obtained suggest that the replacement of missing teeth by denture prostheses enhances the cognitive functioning in the elderly population which can eventually reduce the occurrence of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ershad Ahmed
- Prosthodontics, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, IND
- Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Ramesh Raju
- Prosthodontics, Vinayaka Missions Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, IND
| | - Anjana Kurien
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Kanaha M
- Pharmacology, Ultra Best Dental College and Hospital, Madurai, IND
| | - Sidra Bano
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Hemcle Shalma
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, IND
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Singh J, Agrawal A, Kumari S, Tomar S, Karn A, Singh A. Knowledge of Alzheimer's disease among the healthcare staff in a medical college hospital of India. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5599-5603. [PMID: 36505520 PMCID: PMC9731040 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_571_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing numbers of people crossing the age threshold of 65 years, there is a strong likelihood that the cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases will increase manifold in the upcoming decades. It is essential for the healthcare professionals to have a reasonable background knowledge about this neurodegenerative condition. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge of AD among the healthcare staff appointed at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology A cross-sectional survey study was done in a tertiary care hospital with healthcare workers. The knowledge level of AD was investigated using Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) while a self-assessment scale was used by the participants to rate their own knowledge about the disease. The extent of background knowledge was then statistically evaluated on the basis of multiple subject-oriented factors. The impact of any prior dementia-specific training was also assessed. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-23 where P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of a total of 124 participants recruited during the study period, the average score on the ADKS scale was 19.2 ± 3.1. Self-rated Alzheimer's scale depicted a mean value of 4.89 ± 1.7. The participants having a positive family history and personal/professional caring experience for AD did not obtain any remarkably better score. The doctors were more likely to score better than nurses and other healthcare staff (p < 0.001). Moreover, dementia-related training had a significantly better outcome in terms of promoting the knowledge base of AD (p < 0.001). Conclusion There is a below-par knowledge of Alzheimer's dementia among the healthcare staff of the hospital. The staff of the hospital realizes this shortcoming, and there is a need for dementia-specific training to overcome this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jassimran Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditi Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Institution: St. Elizabeth Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Anaesthesia, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubham Tomar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anukul Karn
- Clinical Document Specialist Coordinator Trainee, Health Information Management, PrimEra, Hyderabad (Prime Healthcare, Ontario, CA), USA
| | - Anup Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Prof. Anup Singh, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:
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Sashindran V, Aggarwal V, Khera A. Prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly population (>60 years) presenting with dementia to outpatient department. Med J Armed Forces India 2022; 78:94-98. [PMID: 35035050 PMCID: PMC8737092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 deficiency is an easily treatable cause of reversible dementia. It is likely to be more common in Indian population due to traditionally vegetarian culture. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly patients (>60 years) with dementia attending outpatient department. METHODS This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a cross sectional observational study to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly population with dementia. The second phase was a pilot study done in subjects with Vitamin B12 deficiency to assess the change in cognition following Vitamin B12 supplementation. RESULTS Out of 2920 study eligible subjects, 200 were diagnosed as dementia with Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of ≤ 24. Vitamin B12 deficiency was seen in 7.5% of patients. Vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with shorter and more severe dementia. Macrocytosis was more common in Vitamin B12 deficiency (p value < 0.001) where as vegetarian diet did not show significant correlation (p value 0.69). There was significant improvement in the median MMSE score in the intervention group with increase in MMSE by 2 points at 6-8 weeks and 3 points at 12 weeks (p value 0.009 and 0.003 by Mann Whitney test). CONCLUSION Prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in dementia was 7.5%. It was associated with macrocytosis, shorter duration and more severe dementia. There was a significant improvement in median MMSE score at 6 weeks and 12 weeks following Vitamin B12 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Aggarwal
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India,Corresponding author.
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Ahmed SE, Mohan J, Kalaignan P, Kandasamy S, Raju R, Champakesan B. Influence of Dental Prostheses on Cognitive Functioning in Elderly Population: A Systematic Review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S788-S794. [PMID: 34447202 PMCID: PMC8375895 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_773_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the systematic review was to assess the influence of dental prostheses on cognitive functioning in elderly population. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The initial electronic search was conducted using the following search databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. The search was limited to English language using the search items/keywords: "dental prostheses and cognitive functioning," "dental prostheses and brain function," "Tooth loss and cognitive loss," "mastication and prefrontal activity," and "prostheses on mental state." The search strategy was followed using the PICOS framework. Results A total of 19 studies were selected according to the selection criteria. Out of 19 studies, 15 studies were included and 4 studies were excluded from the review. Conclusion With the available evidence in the literature, it can be concluded that dental prostheses have a very significant role in preventing the cognitive impairment and act as a protective factor in enhancing the cognitive function in patients with dementia-related diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ershad Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayashree Mohan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parithimar Kalaignan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Kandasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Raju
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bharath Champakesan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rani R, Arokiasamy P, Meitei WB, Sikarwar A. Association between indoor air pollution and cognitive function of older adults in India: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Paul D, Chipurupalli S, Justin A, Raja K, Mohankumar SK. Caenorhabditis elegans as a possible model to screen anti-Alzheimer's therapeutics. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 106:106932. [PMID: 33091537 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as one of the significant health burdens, as the prevalence is raising worldwide and gradually reaching to epidemic proportions. Consequently, a number of scientific investigations have been initiated to derive therapeutics to combat AD with a concurrent advancement in pharmacological methods and experimental models. Whilst, the available experimental pharmacological approaches both in vivo and in vitro led to the development of AD therapeutics, the precise manner by which experimental models mimic either one or more biomarkers of human pathology of AD is gaining scientific attentions. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been regarded as an emerging model for various reasons, including its high similarities with the biomarkers of human AD. Our review supports the versatile nature of C. elegans and collates that it is a well-suited model to elucidate various molecular mechanisms by which AD therapeutics elicit their pharmacological effects. It is apparent that C. elegans is capable of establishing the pathological processes that links the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria dysfunctions in AD, exploring novel molecular cascades of AD pathogenesis and underpinning causal and consequential changes in the associated proteins and genes. In summary, C. elegans is a unique and feasible model for the screening of anti-Alzheimer's therapeutics and has the potential for further scientific exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepraj Paul
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antony Justin
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalpana Raja
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute of Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh K Mohankumar
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rao AR, Chatterjee P, Thakral M, Dwivedi SN, Dey AB. Behavioural issues in late life may be the precursor of dementia- A cross sectional evidence from memory clinic of AIIMS, India. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234514. [PMID: 32520946 PMCID: PMC7286493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild Behavioural Impairment (MBI), an “at risk” state for incident cognitive declin, is characterized by late onset, sustained neuropsychiatric symptoms of any severity which cannot be accounted for by other formal medical and psychiatric nosology. There is no study related to MBI from India. Methods and findings In this cross-sectional observational study 124 subjects 60 years and above were recruited between March 2017 to October 2018, from memory clinic of department of Geriatric medicine with memory or behavioural complains. Subjects with major neurocognitive impairment (CDR score of 1 or more), major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and impaired activities of daily living (ADL) were excluded. Subjects with Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) (CDR- 0.5), and Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) (CDR- 0) were included. Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) was used to identify the presence of NPS. The ISTAART-MBI (International Society of Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment-Alzheimer’s Association) diagnostic criteria was used to diagnose MBI. All the participants underwent a geriatric assessment using standardised screening. The objectives of this study was to determine the frequency of mild behavioural impairment (MBI), and its domains, in MCI or SCI and its association with comorbidities and geriatric syndromes. The mean age of the participants was 69.21, 71.77% (89) were male and 28.23% (35) were female. 41.13% (51) of these individuals were diagnosed with MBI. The MBI and non MBI group differed significantly in marital status, cognitive status and MCI subtype. The proportion of domains involved are as follows: decreased motivation 60.78%(31), emotional dysregulation 54.90% (28), impulse dyscontrol 68.63% (35), social inappropriateness 21.57%(11), abnormal perception 2 (3.93%). Presence of multi-morbidity, and diabetes, were statistically significant between the groups. Conclusion This study presents the first clinic-based prevalence estimates of MBI from Asia. Findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of MBI in predementia clinical states, impulse dyscontrol was the most commonly involved MBI domain. Multimorbidity, diabetes, urinary incontinence were other determinants of MBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith Rajaram Rao
- Department of Geriatric medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasun Chatterjee
- Department of Geriatric medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Meenal Thakral
- Department of Geriatric medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - S. N. Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparajit Ballav Dey
- Department of Geriatric medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
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Patel C, Pande S, Acharya S. Potentiation of anti-Alzheimer activity of curcumin by probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58 against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1955-1962. [PMID: 32448977 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a major component of Indian saffron through clinical studies, revealed its neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it has not been utilized alone orally due to its low bioavailability. There are certain strategies to overcome the drawbacks such as poor absorption and low aqueous solubility. Many strategies are utilized to increase the systemic availability of curcumin. Among them, the steady intestinal and liver metabolism of curcumin by a curcumin adjuvant (enzyme inhibitor/inducer) is an important and less engrossed strategy for improving the overall systemic bioavailability of curcumin. Here, we assess the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a curcumin adjuvant (potentiate the effect of curcumin) in scopolamine-induced dementia in mice. To induce amnesia, scopolamine was used in a mouse model (1 mg/kg, daily for 10 days i.p.). After execution of behavioural tests (Morris water maze test), brains and liver were isolated for further neurochemical and histopathology examination. Our results showed a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme levels in curcumin with a probiotic group compared with curcumin alone. Besides, histopathology study results showed less neuronal damage of curcumin with probiotics as compared with the curcumin and scopolamine alone groups. Additionally, curcumin with probiotics improved memory and cognitive functions in the behavioural study with the significance of p ≤ 0.0001. In conclusion, curcumin with probiotics has greater activity as compared with curcumin alone and reverses the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, SSR Memorial Trust, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 396230, India.
- SSR College of Pharmacy, SSR Memorial Trust, Sayli Road, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 396230, India.
| | - Sonal Pande
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, SSR Memorial Trust, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 396230, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, SSR Memorial Trust, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 396230, India
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Paul SS. Strategies for home nutritional support in dementia care and its relevance in low-middle-income countries. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:43-48. [PMID: 32110563 PMCID: PMC7014876 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_850_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Older people suffering from dementia are prone to develop malnutrition. Ensuring adequate nutrition among such patients has always been a challenge for the carers due to the pathological and chronic nature of the disease. In this article, the author tries to analyze the use of five different strategies in providing adequate nutrition for such patients in their own homes by the carers using a narrative literature review method. The strategies include nutrition screening and assessment, training and education program for the caregiver, mealtime environment and routine modification, provision of nutritional supplements, and role of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH). An attempt was made to critically engage the readers while exploring the feasibility and challenges involved in implementing such strategies in resource-poor settings like low-middle-income countries. The article concludes that the first four strategies should be used in tandem to prevent the risk of malnutrition. It does not recommend ANH and concludes that it does not bring in any added benefit and may worsen the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin S Paul
- Department of Community Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- CT Sudhir Kumar
- Alzheimer's and Related Disorders Society of India, Grace Hospital, Aymanam, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Sanju George
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Research, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India
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