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Oczka D, Augustynek M, Penhaker M, Kubicek J. Electrogastrography measurement systems and analysis methods used in clinical practice and research: comprehensive review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1369753. [PMID: 39011457 PMCID: PMC11248517 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1369753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive method with high diagnostic potential for the prevention of gastroenterological pathologies in clinical practice. In this study, a review of the measurement systems, procedures, and methods of analysis used in electrogastrography is presented. A critical review of historical and current literature is conducted, focusing on electrode placement, measurement apparatus, measurement procedures, and time-frequency domain methods of filtration and analysis of the non-invasively measured electrical activity of the stomach. As a result, 129 relevant articles with primary aim on experimental diet were reviewed in this study. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to search for articles in English language, according to the specific query and using the PRISMA method. The research topic of electrogastrography has been continuously growing in popularity since the first measurement by professor Alvarez 100 years ago, and there are many researchers and companies interested in EGG nowadays. Measurement apparatus and procedures are still being developed in both commercial and research settings. There are plenty variable electrode layouts, ranging from minimal numbers of electrodes for ambulatory measurements to very high numbers of electrodes for spatial measurements. Most authors used in their research anatomically approximated layout with two++ active electrodes in bipolar connection and commercial electrogastrograph with sampling rate of 2 or 4 Hz. Test subjects were usually healthy adults and diet was controlled. However, evaluation methods are being developed at a slower pace, and usually the signals are classified only based on dominant frequency. The main review contributions include the overview of spectrum of measurement systems and procedures for electrogastrography developed by many authors, but a firm medical standard has not yet been defined. Therefore, it is not possible to use this method in clinical practice for objective diagnosis. Systematic Review Registration https://www.prisma-statement.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oczka
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Martin Augustynek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Marek Penhaker
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jan Kubicek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
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Furgała A, Ciesielczyk K, Przybylska-Feluś M, Jabłoński K, Gil K, Zwolińska-Wcisło M. Postprandial effect of gastrointestinal hormones and gastric activity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9420. [PMID: 37296188 PMCID: PMC10256731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered gut regulation, including motor and secretory mechanisms, is characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The severity of postprandial symptoms in IBS patients is associated with discomfort and pain; gas-related symptoms such as bloating and abdominal distension; and abnormal colonic motility. The aim of this study was to assess the postprandial response, i.e., gut peptide secretion and gastric myoelectric activity, in patients with constipation-predominant IBS. The study was conducted on 42 IBS patients (14 males, 28 females, mean age 45.1 ± 15.3 years) and 42 healthy participants (16 males, 26 females, mean age 41.1 ± 8.7 years). The study assessed plasma gut peptide levels (gastrin, CCK-Cholecystokinin, VIP-Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, ghrelin, insulin) and gastric myoelectric activity obtained from electrogastrography (EGG) in the preprandial and postprandial period (meal-oral nutritional supplement 300 kcal/300 ml). Mean preprandial gastrin and insulin levels were significantly elevated in IBS patients compared to the control group (gastrin: 72.27 ± 26.89 vs. 12.27 ± 4.91 pg/ml; p < 0.00001 and insulin: 15.31 ± 12.92 vs. 8.04 ± 3.21 IU/ml; p = 0.0001), while VIP and ghrelin levels were decreased in IBS patients (VIP: 6.69 ± 4.68 vs. 27.26 ± 21.51 ng/ml; p = 0.0001 and ghrelin: 176.01 ± 88.47 vs. 250.24 ± 84.55 pg/ml; p < 0.0001). A nonsignificant change in the CCK level was observed. IBS patients showed significant changes in postprandial hormone levels compared to the preprandial state-specifically, there were increases in gastrin (p = 0.000), CCK (p < 0.0001), VIP (p < 0.0001), ghrelin (p = 0.000) and insulin (p < 0.0001). Patients with IBS showed reduced preprandial and postprandial normogastria (59.8 ± 22.0 vs. 66.3 ± 20.2%) compared to control values (83.19 ± 16.7%; p < 0.0001 vs. 86.1 ± 9.4%; p < 0.0001). In response to the meal, we did not observe an increase in the percentage of normogastria or the average percentage slow-wave coupling (APSWC) in IBS patients. The postprandial to preprandial power ratio (PR) indicates alterations in gastric contractions; in controls, PR = 2.7, whereas in IBS patients, PR = 1.7, which was significantly lower (p = 0.00009). This ratio reflects a decrease in gastric contractility. Disturbances in the postprandial concentration of gut peptides (gastrin, insulin and ghrelin) in plasma may contribute to abnormal gastric function and consequently intestinal motility, which are manifested in the intensification of clinical symptoms, such as visceral hypersensitivity or irregular bowel movements in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Furgała
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Str, 31-121, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ciesielczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Str, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Przybylska-Feluś
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Jabłoński
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Str, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Waluga M, Kasicka-Jonderko A, Dzielicki M, Kamińska M, Bożek M, Laskowska J, Palka J, Jurzak D, Rusek J, Jonderko K. Resistance of postprandial gastric functions and autonomic balance to taste stimulation. J Smooth Muscle Res 2022; 57:68-78. [PMID: 34980820 PMCID: PMC8710914 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.57.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to unpleasant tastes leads to disturbances of interdigestive gastric
myoelectrical activity (GMA) and may affect sympathetic/parasympathetic balance (SPB). We
made a careful study to determine whether taste stimulation modulates the postprandial
GMA, SPB, and gastric emptying (GE) of a solid meal. Eighteen healthy volunteers (9F/9M)
entered the study. On six separate days, we recorded a four-channel electrogastrogram from
each volunteer during a 35-min fasting period, then for 90 min after ingestion of a solid
test meal of 300 kcal. GE was measured using a 13C-octanoic acid breath test.
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was simultaneously performed. At the start of the
21st min after the test meal, subjects received an agar cube delivering either a sweet,
salty, sour, or bitter taste, which they kept in the mouth for 35 min. Control procedures
involved sessions performed with a tasteless agar cube, and without any stimulation. There
was no effect of the experimental intervention upon the relative power share of particular
GMA rhythms. Stimulation with the salty and the bitter taste evoked a statistically
significant increase in the dominant frequency, whereas the sweet and sour taste did not
affect it. Taste stimulation did not interfere with the meal-induced rise in the dominant
power, nor affect slow wave coupling. The kinetics of the solid GE remained unchanged by
the intervention. None of the taste stimulations affected the postprandial SPB. Taste
stimulation elicited after ingestion of a meal, in contrast to that during a fast, did not
adversely modify the postprandial pattern of either the GMA or SPB, nor affect the GE of
solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Waluga
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Kasicka-Jonderko
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marek Dzielicki
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kamińska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bożek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Laskowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Palka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Daria Jurzak
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Rusek
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jonderko
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa street 3, PL-41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Livneh Y, Andermann ML. Cellular activity in insular cortex across seconds to hours: Sensations and predictions of bodily states. Neuron 2021; 109:3576-3593. [PMID: 34582784 PMCID: PMC8602715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Our wellness relies on continuous interactions between our brain and body: different organs relay their current state to the brain and are regulated, in turn, by descending visceromotor commands from our brain and by actions such as eating, drinking, thermotaxis, and predator escape. Human neuroimaging and theoretical studies suggest a key role for predictive processing by insular cortex in guiding these efforts to maintain bodily homeostasis. Here, we review recent studies recording and manipulating cellular activity in rodent insular cortex at timescales from seconds to hours. We argue that consideration of these findings in the context of predictive processing of future bodily states may reconcile several apparent discrepancies and offer a unifying, heuristic model for guiding future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Livneh
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Papacocea T, Papacocea R, Rădoi M, Pițuru S, Balan DG. Stomach 'tastes' the food and adjusts its emptying: A neurophysiological hypothesis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2392-2395. [PMID: 32765721 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of taste receptors and their secondary messengers in stomach raised the possibility that the stomach might play a role in food 'tasting' and consequently, it might initiate specific adaptations of its secretory and motor function. Furthermore, activated taste receptors release a variety of chemical mediators able to modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system (ENS), and also to influence both secretory and motor functions of the stomach. Based on the physiological fundamental structure of a reflex arch, the stimulation of the gastric taste receptors activates sensory neurons of the gastric wall, continues with motor neurons which initiate the contraction of the local smooth muscle fibers. Beyond this, compounds which act on different taste receptors initiate different responses, stimulatory or inhibitory. These interactions may be translated in the gastric ability to selectively evacuate different nutritive compounds into the duodenum. Consequently, sugars could be favored to the detriment of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Papacocea
- Department of Neurosurgery, 'St. Pantelimon' Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Papacocea
- Department of Physiology I, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mugurel Rădoi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Pițuru
- Department of Dental Medicine II, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Gabriela Balan
- Department of Physiology III, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Kashima N, Kimura K, Nishitani N, Yamaoka Endo M, Fukuba Y, Kashima H. Suppression of Oral Sweet Sensations during Consumption of Sweet Food in Humans: Effects on Gastric Emptying Rate, Glycemic Response, Appetite, Food Satisfaction and Desire for Basic Tastes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051249. [PMID: 32353974 PMCID: PMC7282028 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of oral sweet sensation (OSS) acutely reduces intake of sweet-tasting food due to lower liking. However, little is known about other physiological responses during both the prandial and postprandial phase. Here, we explored the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS)-based suppression of OSS of several types of sweet-tasting food (muffin, sweet yogurt, banana) on gastric emptying, blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin (PI), appetite indices (hunger, fullness and prospective consumption), satisfaction and desire for tastes. Fifteen healthy subjects (22 ± 3 years, 9 women) took part in the study. Subjects rinsed their mouth with either GS solution or distilled water before eating the sweet-tasting food. Subjects felt decreased sweet taste intensity and reduced taste liking associated with GS rinsing after consuming each food, compared with rinsing with distilled water (p < 0.05). Gastric emptying, BG, PI and appetite indices during and after the prandial phase did not significantly change with GS rinsing compared to rinsing with distilled water (p > 0.05). Higher desire for sweet taste as well as lower satisfaction (p < 0.05) in the postprandial phase were observed with GS rinsing. These results suggest that the suppression of OSS does not affect gastric emptying, glycemic response and appetite during and after consumption of sweet-tasting food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kashima
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, 1-1-1 Ozuka-higashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3195, Japan
| | - Kanako Kimura
- School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1-71 Ujina-higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nishitani
- School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1-71 Ujina-higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Masako Yamaoka Endo
- School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1-71 Ujina-higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukuba
- School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1-71 Ujina-higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kashima
- School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1-71 Ujina-higashi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-82-251-9770
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