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Vanniarajan A, Maitra P, Saraswathi KK, Shah PK. Impact of RB1 gene screening from blood collected on a single day from 411 family members of 113 Retinoblastoma survivors in India. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1575-1580. [PMID: 38341497 PMCID: PMC11126713 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the profile and implication of genetic testing in a cohort of retinoblastoma (RB) patients and their families conducted on a single day during World Retinoblastoma Awareness Week 2017. METHODS Retrospective analysis of blood samples were collected from 411 subjects, including 113 probands at a camp organised for RB awareness and were analysed for RB1 mutations by Sanger sequencing and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). If germline mutations were detected, the parents and siblings of the proband were tested for the same mutation. RESULTS Germline RB1 mutations were identified in 61/113(54%) probands with a mutation detection rate of 96% (47/49) and 22% (14/64) for bilateral and unilateral RB, respectively. Ten novel pathogenic mutations were identified. Splice mutation was most common (31%) followed by nonsense mutation (26%). The mean age at RB diagnosis was significantly lower in patients having germline RB1 mutation (mean 10.7 months ±2.5) compared to those without (mean 27.2 months ±6.5) (p = <0.0001). Parental transmission of the mutant allele was detected in 15/61(25%) cases of which 11(18%) parents were unaffected indicating incomplete penetrance. The origin of the variant allele was both paternal (n = 7) and maternal (n = 4) wherein 5 were bilateral and 6 unilateral. CONCLUSIONS The detection of a germline mutation impacts the proband and family members due to its implications on change in prognosis, frequency of subsequent evaluations, screening for ocular and non-ocular cancers, and surveillance of family and future progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyasamy Vanniarajan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Puja Maitra
- Department of Vitreoretina Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Karuvel Kannan Saraswathi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Affiliated to Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Parag K Shah
- Department of Pediatric Retina and Ocular Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, India.
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Xu H, Xiao L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Man S, Yan N, Zhang M. Effect of CDK7 inhibitor on MYCN-amplified retinoblastoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194964. [PMID: 37536559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common malignancy that primarily affects pediatric populations. Although a well-known cause of RB is RB1 mutation, MYCN amplification can also lead to the disease, which is a poor prognosis factor. Studies conducted in various tumor types have shown that MYCN inhibition is an effective approach to impede tumor growth. Various indirect approaches have been developed to overcome the difficulty of directly targeting MYCN, such as modulating the super enhancer (SE) upstream of MYCN. The drug used in this study to treat MYCN-amplified RB was THZ1, a CDK7 inhibitor that can effectively suppress transcription by interfering with the activity of SEs. The study findings confirmed the anticancer activity of THZ1 against RB in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therapy with THZ1 was found to affect numerous genes in RB according to the RNA-seq analysis. Moreover, the gene expression changes induced by THZ1 treatment were enriched in ribosome, endocytosis, cell cycle, apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, the combined analysis of ChIP-Seq and RNA-seq data suggested a potential role of SEs in regulating the expression of critical transcription factors, such as MYCN, OTX2, and SOX4. Moreover, ChIP-qPCR experiments were conducted to confirm the interaction between MYCN and SEs. In conclusion, THZ1 caused substantial changes in gene transcription in RB, resulting in inhibited cell proliferation, interference with the cell cycle, and increased apoptosis. The efficacy of THZ1 is positively correlated with the degree of MYCN amplification and is likely exerted by interfering with MYCN upstream SEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lirong Xiao
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shulei Man
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Naihong Yan
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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