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Perdomo Sandoval LA, Goberna-Tricas J. Sexual health beliefs and prevention of sexually transmitted infections among cisgender women sex workers in Colombia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305293. [PMID: 38865312 PMCID: PMC11168633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stigma and social discrimination against cisgender women sex workers lead many of them to live in conditions characterized by social inequality, marginalization, persecution, and limited opportunities for sexual health literacy. Consequently, they are often compelled to establish a framework of preventive beliefs with little scientific validity, which they use to identify, mitigate, or avoid sexual health risks arising from their interactions with clients. This study investigates the sexual health beliefs that influence self-care practices aimed at preventing sexually transmitted infections among cisgender women sex workers in Colombia. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study framed in Hermeneutic Phenomenology. In-depth interviews and discussion groups were conducted with 34 cisgender women sex workers over 18 years of age in the center of the cities of Bogotá and Barranquilla in Colombia. RESULTS Seven themes emerged from the reflective and inductive thematic analysis of the narratives: (1) popular habits for the prevention of contagion, (2) ocular assessment of genitals, (3) condom lubrication, (4) suspicion of a hidden infection in the client, (5) saliva and oral contact as a source of contagion, (6) avoidance of semen contact, (7) and trust in God as protection. CONCLUSIONS The findings reflect the need for health and social professionals to promote participatory and inclusive cooperation with sex workers to update the framework of preventive beliefs that help them guide sexual health self-care with autonomy and self-efficacy, strengthening favorable beliefs and negotiating unfavorable ones. It is also essential to have a sex worker-informed sexual health policy that guides the promotion of sexual health that is sensitive to the needs and consistent with the risks of sex work and ensures friendly and non-oppressive preventive care environments for sex workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Albeiro Perdomo Sandoval
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health, and Maternal and Child Health Nursing. Doctoral Program in Nursing and Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Goberna-Tricas
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health, and Maternal and Child Health Nursing. ADHUC. Research Center for Theory, Gender, Sexuality. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Alshemeili A, Alhammadi A, Alhammadi A, Al Ali M, Alameeri ES, Abdullahi AS, Abu-Hamada B, Sheek-Hussein MM, Al-Rifai RH, Elbarazi I. Sexually transmitted diseases knowledge assessment and associated factors among university students in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1284288. [PMID: 38074733 PMCID: PMC10702243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1284288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted diseases and infections (STDIs) remain a serious public health menace with over 350 million cases each year. Poor knowledge of STDIs has been identified as one of the bottlenecks in their control and prevention. Hence, assessment of knowledge, both general and domain-specific, is key to the prevention and control of these diseases. This study assessed the knowledge of STDIs and identified factors associated with STDI knowledge among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This is a cross-sectional study among 778 UAE University students across all colleges. An online data collection tool was used to collect data regarding the participants' demographics and their level of knowledge of STDIs across different domains including general STDI pathogens knowledge (8 items), signs and symptoms (9 items), mode of transmission (5 items), and prevention (5 items). Knowledge was presented both as absolute and percentage scores. Differences in STDI knowledge were statistically assessed using Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests. Logistic regression models were further used to identify factors associated with STDI knowledge. Results A total of 778 students participated in the study with a median age of 21 years (IQR = 19, 23). The overall median STDI knowledge score of the participants was 7 (out of 27), with some differences within STDI domains-signs & symptoms (1 out of 9), modes of transmission (2 out of 5), general STDI pathogens (2 out of 8), and prevention (1 out of 5). Higher STDI knowledge was significantly associated with being non-Emirati (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.24-2.75), being married (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.50-5.56), residing in emirates other than Abu Dhabi (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.16-2.25), and being a student of health sciences (OR = 4.45, 95% CI = 3.07-6.45). Conclusion In general, STDI knowledge was low among the students. Having good knowledge of STDIs is essential for their prevention and control. Therefore, there is a need for informed interventions to address the knowledge gap among students, youths, and the general population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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AlNujaidi HY, AlSaif AK, Saleem ALAnsary NF, Althumiri NA, BinDhim NF. The Knowledge and Determinants of Sexual Health and Sexual Transmitted Infections Among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Survey. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:1745-1756. [PMID: 38020942 PMCID: PMC10648179 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s434179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual health is a necessary part of any society because it significantly influences the quality of life. Women's knowledge regarding STIs and safe sex practices in Saudi Arabia has not been thoroughly investigated; therefore, this study aims to investigate and measure the knowledge and the determinants of sexual health and STIs among women in Saudi Arabia. Methods This study is a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted through phone interviews in Saudi Arabia in 2021. This study included 1334 female participants aged 18 years or older. Results The study's results collectively show that women in Saudi Arabia have limited knowledge of sexual health and STIs. The primary causes are the lack of knowledge of different STIs-communicability, symptoms, and an overall lack of technical proficiency in the subject. The study analyzed factors associated with participants' knowledge of sexual health and sexually transmitted infections. Significant associations were found between knowledge and age, region, educational level, and family income. In the multivariable analysis, participants aged 20-29 had higher knowledge compared to those aged >60. Participants in the Eastern region had higher knowledge than those in the Southern region. Participants with less than a bachelor's degree had lower knowledge than those with a bachelor's degree or higher. Participants earning an average of 16,000 SAR to 19,999 SAR had higher knowledge than those with unstable monthly income. Conclusion The study found that women's understanding of sexual health and STIs in Saudi Arabia is low due to a lack of knowledge and awareness. Knowledge levels were correlated with educational levels; therefore, targeted health promotion initiatives are needed to increase understanding, particularly regarding condom use for HIV and STI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Yaagoub AlNujaidi
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Kalid AlSaif
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naof Faiz Saleem ALAnsary
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A Althumiri
- Scientific Department, Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F BinDhim
- Scientific Department, Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aseeri IA, AlOtaibi MN, Alzahrani WJ, Althomali MA, Alattar HA, Althobity AF. Public Awareness About Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e42302. [PMID: 37609085 PMCID: PMC10441818 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Islamic culture does not tolerate homosexuality and extramarital sex. This may result in ignorance of safe sex practices and a lack of proper public health education by the authorities and parents; this includes knowledge and awareness about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), modes of transmission, protection methods, and sources of information about STDs. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, a Quick Response (QR)-code-based survey. A standard web-based questionnaire was electronically delivered to our enlisted sample. The statistical analysis started by transferring data from the Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) to the SPSS software program. We used one-way ANOVA to compare mean scores between the various groups. And we used the Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the association of age with the score. Significance was established at a p-value of 0.05 or less with a 95% confidence interval. All statistical calculations were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). RESULTS The study analysed the sociodemographic characteristics and STD knowledge of 608 participants. Findings revealed a balanced gender distribution, 52.8% male and 47.2% female, the majority being single (72.0%) and with a university education (72.0%). Knowledge gaps were identified, such as confusion between genital herpes and HIV, limited understanding of chlamydia transmission, and misconceptions about human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV. No significant differences were found based on sex, age, marital status, or father's education. However, higher education of mother correlated with significantly higher knowledge scores (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study shed light on the limited knowledge and misconceptions surrounding STDs in Taif city. The findings highlighted knowledge gaps, including confusion between different STDs and misconceptions about transmission modes. The results revealed a positive correlation between higher maternal education and increased knowledge scores. These findings underscore the urgency for health authorities to develop awareness campaigns and educational initiatives to promote accurate information and foster healthier attitudes toward sexual activity in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Aseeri
- Faculty of Medicine, Taif University - College of Medicine, Taif, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Hattan A Alattar
- Faculty of Medicine, Taif University - College of Medicine, Taif, SAU
| | - Ahmed F Althobity
- Department of Surgery, Taif University - College of Medicine, Taif, SAU
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Alomair N, Alageel S, Davies N, Bailey JV. Muslim women's knowledge, views, and attitudes towards sexually transmitted infections in Saudi Arabia: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286822. [PMID: 37352200 PMCID: PMC10289450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cultural sensitivity surrounding sexuality in Islamic communities has an impact on awareness and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study explores Muslim women's knowledge, views, and attitudes towards STIs and people living with HIV/AIDs in Saudi Arabia. METHODS We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with Muslim women from Saudi Arabia. Interviews took place in a public hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2019. Data were transcribed, coded, and analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Twenty-eight women were interviewed, the majority were college educated and employed. Participants lacked knowledge about STIs, and there were significant misconceptions. The majority of women expressed extremely negative attitudes towards STIs, particularly towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Participants believed that judgemental attitudes and stigmatisation of people with HIV/AIDS were justified if an infection was transmitted through extramarital sex. Men were believed to be the source of STIs, and STIs were viewed as punishment from God for extramarital sexual relations that are forbidden in Islam. Protection against STIs was believed to be achieved by strengthening religious beliefs. CONCLUSION Attitudes towards people with STIs, HIV/AIDS in particular, were highly influenced by religious views towards extramarital sex, as well as lack of knowledge and misconceptions. There is an urgent need for accurate information and improved awareness of sexual health including STIs among Muslims in Saudi Arabia. Public health efforts should be directed towards reducing stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia and other Islamic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Alomair
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samah Alageel
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan Davies
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia V. Bailey
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Malli IA, Kabli BA, Alhakami LA. Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Saudi Women: Knowledge and Misconceptions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4858. [PMID: 36981767 PMCID: PMC10048940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rate of sexually transmitted diseases is increasing globally. Thus, this study aimed to examine the Al akami female community's knowledge about the nature of sexually transmitted diseases and their associated factors. The STDs-Knowledge Questionnaire (STDs-KQ) was utilized to collect data from the female community (355) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using JMP Statistics for Windows, version 15. The significance level was set at 0.05. The study reported that participants had a relatively low understanding of STDs in acquisition, protection, prevention, and clinical signs and symptoms; only 33 (9%) had high knowledge scores (10-18), while 70% thought one virus caused all forms of STDs. Also, only 15% of the respondents knew the clinical features of the Chlamydia infection, and 18% identified the correct mode of its transmission. Also, older participants with clinical exposure had a higher knowledge score than young and single females, p < 0.05. A positive correlation between age and knowledge score was reported, r (354) = 0.339, p < 0.0001. The low knowledge scores were associated with marital status, age, and clinical exposure. Practical strategies to minimize literacy toward sexual education and increase the quality of sexual life must be promoted by educators and the academic curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Abdullah Malli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Abdullah Kabli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Ali Alhakami
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard—Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Gburi G, Al-Shakarchi A, Al-Dabagh JD, Lami F. Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward sexually transmitted infections among Baghdad undergraduate students for research-guided sexual health education. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1017300. [PMID: 36875398 PMCID: PMC9980901 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1017300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections are common and tend to cause a lot of public misconceptions. This study was conducted to identify knowledge gaps and negative attitudes toward sexually transmitted infections and infected individuals among undergraduate students and give recommendations accordingly for the development of more objective research-guided health campaigns and school sex education programs. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted between May 17, 2022 and June 2, 2022 using a self-administrated questionnaire containing 84 items related to sexually transmitted infections distributed online to Baghdad-based university students. Result The sample consisted of 823 respondents; 332 men and 491 women. Overall knowledge was moderate to high, with 628 individuals (76.3%) answering more than half the questions correctly. There was no difference according to gender or previous sexual experience, but knowledge increased by an average of 2.73 points (p < 0.001) when a participant knew a previously infected individual. Less than half identified systemic symptoms of STIs, and their knowledge of other HIV items was also poor. Most respondents (85.5%) agreed to the need for sex education during middle or high school and cited traditional barriers as the most critical barrier (64.8%); in comparison, those who did not agree on its need cited the sensitivity of the subject (40.3%) or religious barriers (20.2%) as more important. Conclusion Specific knowledge gaps exist for HIV and non-HIV sexually transmitted infections; these should be addressed during sex education, focusing on specific high-risk groups. Negative attitudes and stigmatizing behavior should be addressed as well by increasing focused STI knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Faris Lami
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Alomair N, Alageel S, Davies N, Bailey JV. Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, perceptions and experiences of women in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:1310-1328. [PMID: 33554633 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1873251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no formal sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education currently offered in Saudi Arabia. Lack of knowledge and misconceptions are evident among Saudi women, which can lead to negative sexual and reproductive experiences. The aim of this study is to explore Saudi women's SRH knowledge, perceptions and experiences. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews with Saudi women were conducted. Interviews took place in a public hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Interviews were conducted in Arabic, recorded and transcribed verbatim, to allow for thematic analysis of the data. The following themes were identified: experience with menarche, deep-rooted negative views towards sex, difficulty discussing SRH topics, knowledge of sex and reproduction, generational gap, sources of SRH information and the role of the mother. RESULTS A total of 28 women, both married and unmarried, aged 20-50 years were interviewed. A profound lack of SRH knowledge was observed among Saudi women which contributed greatly to negative experiences both in childhood and adulthood. Lack of knowledge about menstruation often caused emotional distress for young girls, and menarche was associated with bad memories and negative emotions. Lack of knowledge about sexual intercourse and the deep-rooted negative views towards sex were linked with physical and psychological issues for women. Women rarely received information from their parents or teachers and preferred the internet for their SRH information. CONCLUSION There is a substantial unmet need for SRH education for women in Saudi Arabia. It is our recommendation that SRH education should be tailored to meet Saudi women's unique needs, while understanding specific socio-cultural barriers to SRH education and discussions. Research and policy efforts should be directed towards regulating and producing evidence-based health information on the internet, particularly Arabic language websites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Alomair
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Alageel
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan Davies
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julia V Bailey
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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Aldhaleei WA, Bhagavathula AS. HIV/AIDS-knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:939-948. [PMID: 32359925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV/AIDS prevention has been widely adopted worldwide, but little is known about HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula. AIM To summarize the level of knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS in seven Arabian Peninsula countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)). METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using combined keywords in four scientific databases of peer-reviewed publications from January 2010 to June 2019. Twenty-five articles were included in the systematic review, and twenty studies in the meta-analysis. The data was analyzed using a random-effect model due to the heterogeneity between the studies. RESULTS Seventeen studies reported on the level of knowledge and overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS in this region: 74.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 66.8%-82.0%, p<0.001) and the attitude was 52.8% (95% CI: 36.9%-68.6%, p<0.001). A study from Oman reported higher knowledge levels (95.5%, 95% CI: 94.2%-96.8%) while less than a quarter of the Bahrain population had positive attitudes 22.5% (95% CI: 20.5%-24.5%). Medical doctors showed higher knowledge (94.1%, 95% CI: 92.9%-95.3%), but a positive attitude was only observed in 32.5% (95% CI: 28.8%-36.2%) of the dentists toward HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION The overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS was found to be satisfactory (74.4%), but about half (52.8%) of those displayed negative attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Regular training courses as well as reviewing and reinforcing HIV/AIDS prevention guidelines can be useful to update knowledge and improve attitudes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Ali Aldhaleei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, P.O. Box: 11001, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Albanghali MA, Othman BA. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Young Adults Living in Albaha, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061872. [PMID: 32183110 PMCID: PMC7142563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) remain one of the most important health challenges in not only developing countries but also developed countries. Discussing STDs in the Saudi society is considered taboo, as social factors and ethics give rise to many obstacles. This study evaluates the knowledge of STDs among young adult students enrolled in Albaha University. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study involving 1902 young adult students registered at Albaha University. STDs knowledge scores (STDs-KSs) were calculated using a predesigned and validated STDs knowledge questionnaire with 27 items adapted from previously developed questionnaires. Results: The estimated overall mean of STDs-KS was 7.95 ± 4.29. Female participants showed a significantly higher mean of STDs-KS, compared to males (8.51 ± 4.14 vs. 7.32 ± 4.38, p < 0.0001). Participants registered in health sciences programs showed higher STDs-KS, compared to participants from arts and sciences programs (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Evidence from this study suggests a lack of STDs knowledge among young adults. To promote STDs awareness among this population, more health educational programs should be included in school curricula at the late stages of secondary education.
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Weng R, Yu W, Hong F, Zhang C, Wen L, Wang F, Luo Y, Ye J, Tang F, Wang H, Chen X, Cai Y. High Willingness to Participate in Partner Notification among Women Attending Reproductive Health and STI Clinics in Shenzhen, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020386. [PMID: 31936047 PMCID: PMC7013575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. We explored the factors associated with willingness to participate in partner notification (PN) among women attending reproductive health and STI clinics in Shenzhen, China. An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect the sociodemographic characteristics, STI histories, and willingness to participate in routine CT screening and partner notification. In total, 87.31% (n = 10,780) of participants were willing to notify their sex partner(s) if they were diagnosed with a CT infection. Willingness to complete PN was significantly associated with: being married, residing in Shenzhen ≥1 year, having completed junior college or higher, not currently reporting STI-related symptoms, willing to have routine CT screening, and having a correct understanding of the health sequelae of CT infection. Nearly all women surveyed at reproductive health and STI clinics in Shenzhen reported willingness to complete PN. Promoting PN in these settings could help detect a large number of additional CT cases. Our findings provide evidence and implications for public health interventions on PN and suggest that targeted interventions are urgently needed for particular subpopulations including those not currently married, with shorter residency, lower education, and less awareness about the dangers of CT infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxing Weng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Weiye Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Fuchang Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Chunlai Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Lizhang Wen
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Yiting Luo
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Jianbin Ye
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Fen Tang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Honglin Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiangsheng Chen
- Peking Union Medical College Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China;
- National Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease Control, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yumao Cai
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (R.W.); (W.Y.); (F.H.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (F.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (F.T.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-755-2553-2840
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El Kazdouh H, El-Ammari A, Bouftini S, El Fakir S, El Achhab Y. Perceptions and intervention preferences of Moroccan adolescents, parents, and teachers regarding risks and protective factors for risky sexual behaviors leading to sexually transmitted infections in adolescents: qualitative findings. Reprod Health 2019; 16:138. [PMID: 31500634 PMCID: PMC6734522 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual choices and practices of adolescents living in conservative societies, including Morocco, can be influenced either positively or negatively by the prevailing contextual and social norms. These norms not only limit the access to reproductive health information and services but also lead to abstinence among devout adolescents. Thus, identifying contextual risks and protective factors of risky sexual behaviors leading to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents, as well as exploring perceptions of adolescents, parents and teachers regarding effective intervention preferences could improve the sexual health of adolescents. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) based on the socio-ecological model as a theoretical framework. Sample groups of adolescents, parents, and teachers were selected from two public middle schools (disadvantaged and advantaged according to socio-economic level) in Taza city, Morocco, from May to July 2016. Participants were polled on protective factors and perceived facilitators of risky sexual behaviors leading to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents as well on their perception of intervention preferences to reduce the risks. Three sets of data were initially formed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Seventeen FGDs were conducted, including 8 groups of adolescents (28 boys and 28 girls, 14-16 years old), 5 groups of parents (21 males and 5 females), and 4 groups of teachers (13 males and 5 females). Five overall themes seemed to influence risky sexual behaviors in adolescents: (1) risky sexual practices and STIs; (2) the adolescent's social domain; (3) the role of school; (4) media, including internet and social media; and (5) socio-cultural norms. Participants also suggested a number of possible interventions to improve the sexual health of adolescents and to reduce the risk of STIs, which could be applied at multiple levels. CONCLUSIONS Successful intervention programs should target the multifaceted factors affecting the adolescent's sexual behaviors, from the individual to the societal level. Allowing parents, teachers, and adolescents to work together could help reduce the socio-cultural and personal barriers that prevent effective communication about sexuality. Furthermore, schools can play a vital role in reducing risky sexual behaviors and STI acquisition rates in adolescents by promoting sex education in school curriculum and encouraging adolescents to engage in extracurricular activities and awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Kazdouh
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelghaffar El-Ammari
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Siham Bouftini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Samira El Fakir
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Youness El Achhab
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, 30000 Fez, Morocco
- Regional Centre for Careers Education and Training of Fez-Meknes, Fez, Morocco
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