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Lu X, Wang Z, Ye D, Feng Y, Liu M, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao M, Xu S, Ye J, Wan J. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765768. [PMID: 35668739 PMCID: PMC9163960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases with high disability and mortality rates. In the elderly population, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing annually. Between 1990 and 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of CVD in China significantly increased by 14.7%, and the number of cardiovascular disease deaths increased from 2.51 million to 3.97 million. Much research has indicated that cardiovascular disease is closely related to inflammation, immunity, injury and repair. Chemokines, which induce directed chemotaxis of reactive cells, are divided into four subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC. As cytokines, CXC chemokines are similarly involved in inflammation, immunity, injury, and repair and play a role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, cardiac fibrosis, postcardiac rejection, and atrial fibrillation. Here, we explored the relationship between the chemokine CXC subset and cardiovascular disease and its mechanism of action with the goal of further understanding the onset of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ye
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
| | - Jun Wan
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
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Kim HS, Kim HY. Hypertensive effects of transforming growth factor-β1 in vascular smooth muscles cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats are mediated by sulfatase 2. Cytokine 2021; 150:155754. [PMID: 34808537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular sulfatases (sulfatase 1 and sulfatase 2) mediate up- or down-regulatory effects of cytokines on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced expression of hypertensive mediators in hypertensive cells. The overproduction of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is associated with chronic hypertension. In this study, we examined the role of extracellular sulfatases on TGF-β1-induced effects associated with the expression of mediators related to hypertension in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). First, TGF-β1 increased the expression of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), inhibited dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) expression and showed additive effects on Ang II-induced 12-LO and ET-1 expression as well as Ang II-induced inhibition of DDAH-1 expression in SHR VSMCs. However, it had no effect on the expression of 12-LO, ET-1, and DDAH-1 in VSMCs from normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Downregulation of sulfatase 2 (Sulf2) inhibited all of these hypertensive effects caused by TGF-β1, while sulfatase 1 (Sulf1) had no effect on these events in SHR VSMCs. All these hypertensive effects of TGF-β1 were dependent on the Ang II subtype 1 receptor (AT1 R) pathway, and not on Ang II subtype 2 receptor (AT2 R). In addition, downregulation of Sulf2 inhibited the expression of TGF-β1-induced AT1 R and the additive effect of TGF-β1 on Ang II-induced AT1 R expression. Additionally, downregulation of Sulf2, but not Sulf1, abrogated TGF-β1-induced inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and the additive effect of TGF-β1 on Ang II-induced inhibition of AMPK activation via the AT1 R pathway. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced VSMCs proliferation and the additive effect of TGF-β1 on Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation were abrogated in Sulf2 siRNA-transfected SHR VSMCs, while these effects were maintained in Sulf1 siRNA-transfected SHR VSMCs. The hypertensive effects of TGF-β1 through the AT1 R pathway were mainly dependent on Sulf2 activity in SHR VSMCs. Taken together, these results suggest that Sulf2, but not Sulf1, plays a major role in mediating the increased effects of TGF-β1 in hypertensive VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Hamel-Côté G, Lapointe F, Gendron D, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. Regulation of platelet-activating factor-induced interleukin-8 expression by protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:21. [PMID: 30832675 PMCID: PMC6399872 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid mediator whose involvement in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis is mediated by, among others, the modulation of cytokine expression patterns. The presence of multiple potential protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B substrates in PAF receptor signaling pathways brought us to investigate its involvement in PAF-induced cytokine expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) and to study the pathways involved in this modulation. Methods We used in-vitro-matured human dendritic cells and the HEK-293 cell line in our studies. PTP1B inhibition was though siRNAs and a selective inhibitor. Cytokine expression was studied with RT-PCR, luciferase assays and ELISA. Phosphorylation status of kinases and transcription factors was studied with western blotting. Results Here, we report that PTP1B was involved in the modulation of cytokine expression in PAF-stimulated Mo-DCs. A study of the down-regulation of PAF-induced IL-8 expression, by PTP1B, showed modulation of PAF-induced transactivation of the IL-8 promoter which was dependent on the presence of the C/EBPß -binding site. Results also suggested that PTP1B decreased PAF-induced IL-8 production by a glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3-dependent pathway via activation of the Src family kinases (SFK). These kinases activated an unidentified pathway at early stimulation times and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a later phase. This change in GSK-3 activity decreased the C/EBPß phosphorylation levels of the threonine 235, a residue whose phosphorylation is known to increase C/EBPß transactivation potential, and consequently modified IL-8 expression. Conclusion The negative regulation of GSK-3 activity by PTP1B and the consequent decrease in phosphorylation of the C/EBPß transactivation domain could be an important negative feedback loop by which cells control their cytokine production after PAF stimulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0334-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Hamel-Côté
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada
| | - Fanny Lapointe
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada
| | - Daniel Gendron
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Center, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada
| | - Jana Stankova
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4N5, Canada.
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Kim HY, Jeong DW, Kim HS. Sulfatase 2 mediates, partially, the expression of endothelin-1 and the additive effect of Ang II-induced endothelin-1 expression by CXCL8 in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cytokine 2019; 114:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cha HJ, Kim HY, Kim HS. Sulfatase 1 mediates the attenuation of Ang II-induced hypertensive effects by CCL5 in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cytokine 2018; 110:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhao Y, Zhang C, Wei X, Li P, Cui Y, Qin Y, Wei X, Jin M, Kohama K, Gao Y. Heat shock protein 60 stimulates the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via Toll-like receptor 4 and ERK MAPK activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15352. [PMID: 26477505 PMCID: PMC4609986 DOI: 10.1038/srep15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that heat shock protein (HSP) 60 is strongly associated with the pathology of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the precise mechanisms by which HSP60 promotes atherosclerosis remain unclear. In the present study, we found that HSP60 mRNA and protein expression levels in the thoracic aorta are enhanced not only in a mouse model of AS but also in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. HSP60 expression and secretion was activated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and interleukin (IL)-8 in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). HSP60 was found to induce VSMC migration, and exposure to HSP60 activated ERK MAPK signaling. U0126, an inhibitor of ERK, reduced VSMC migration. The HSP60-stimulated VSMCs were found to express TLR4 mRNA but not TLR2 mRNA. Knockdown of TLR4 by siRNA reduced HSP60-induced VSMC migration and HSP60-induced ERK activation. Finally, HSP60 induced IL-8 secretion in VSMCs. Together these results suggest that HSP60 is involved in the stimulation of VSMC migration, via TLR4 and ERK MAPK activation. Meanwhile, activation of HSP60 is one of the most powerful methods of sending a ‘danger signal’ to the immune system to generate IL-8, which assists in the management of an infection or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chenxu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuge Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuanhua Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Minli Jin
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Kazuhiro Kohama
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 2028585, Japan
| | - Ying Gao
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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Des-aspartate angiotensin I (DAA-I) reduces endothelial dysfunction in the aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rat through inhibition of angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 71:151-8. [PMID: 25869508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Des-aspartate angiotensin I (DAA-I), an endogenous nonapeptide, counteracts several effects of angiotensin II on vascular tone. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute protective effect of DAA-I on endothelial function in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as well as its effect on angiotensin II-induced contractions and oxidative stress. Aortic rings were incubated with DAA-I (0.1μM) for 30min prior to the assessment of angiotensin II-induced contractions (0.1nM-10μM) in WKY and SHR aortas. Total nitrate and nitrite levels were assessed using a colorimetric method and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. The effect of DAA-I was also assessed against endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively. Angiotensin II-induced contractions were significantly reduced by DAA-I, losartan and tempol. Incubation with ODQ (soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) and removal of the endothelium prevented the reduction of angiotensin II-induced contractions by DAA-I. Total nitrate and nitrite levels were increased in DAA-I, losartan and tempol treated-SHR tissues while ROS level was reduced by DAA-I and the latter inhibitors. In addition, DAA-I significantly improved the impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation in SHR aortas whilst sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent relaxation remained unaffected. The present findings indicate that improvement of endothelial function by DAA-I in the SHR aorta is mediated through endothelium-dependent release of nitric oxide and inhibition of angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress.
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Kim HY, Cha HJ, Choi JH, Kang YJ, Park SY, Kim HS. CCL5 Inhibits Elevation of Blood Pressure and Expression of Hypertensive Mediators in Developing Hypertension State Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Ju Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Kim HY, Kim HS. IL-10 up-regulates CCL5 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cytokine 2014; 68:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) regulate vascular tone by contributing to the vasorelaxations to shear stress and endothelial agonists such as bradykinin and acetylcholine. 15(S)-Hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-H-11,12-EETA) and 11(R),12(S),15(S)-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12,15-THETA) are endothelial metabolites of the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism and are EDHFs. 11,12,15-THETA activates small conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels on smooth muscle cells causing membrane hyperpolarization, and relaxation. Expression levels of 15-LO in the endothelium regulate the activity of the 15-LO/15-H-11,12-EETA/11,12,15-THETA pathway and its contribution to vascular tone. Regulation of its expression is by transcriptional, translational, and epigenetic mechanisms. Hypoxia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, anemia, estrogen, interleukins, and possibly other hormones increase 15-LO expression. An increase in 15-LO results in increased synthesis of 15-H-11,12-EETA and 11,12,15-THETA, increased membrane hyperpolarization, and enhanced contribution to relaxation by endothelial agonists. Thus, the 15-LO pathway represents the first example of an inducible EDHF. In addition to 15-LO metabolites, a number of chemicals have been identified as EDHFs and their contributions to vascular tone vary with species and vascular bed. The reason for multiple EDHFs has evaded explanation. However, EDHF functioning as constitutive EDHFs or inducible EDHFs may explain the need for chemically and biochemically distinct pathways for EDHF activity and the variation in EDHFs between species and vascular beds. This new EDHF classification provides a framework for understanding EDHF activity in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Qin Y, Fan F, Zhao Y, Cui Y, Wei X, Kohama K, Gordon JR, Li F, Gao Y. Recombinant human CXCL8(3-72)K11R/G31P regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through blockage of interleukin-8 receptor. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:67-75. [PMID: 23281038 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple contributing factors. Hyperlipidemia is one of the major independent risks, and interleukin-8 (IL-8), as an inflammatory factor, plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aims of the study were to examine the therapeutic efficacy of G31P, an antagonist of IL-8 receptor, with a mouse model of hyperlipidemia and the potential mechanisms of G31P through the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in a cell line. In vivo study: Male BALB/c mice were fed a high-fat diet for 6 months. G31P was injected subcutaneously. Blood keratinocyte chemoattractant, lipid profile, and aorta expression of inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2 and MMP9 were investigated. In vitro study: A7R5 cells were treated with IL-8 with/without G31P. Cell proliferation and migration were investigated. G31P significantly suppressed the hyperlipidermia-induced abnormal lipid profile and increased IL-8, proinflammatory factor, MMP2 and MMP9 expression. G31P also inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate the potential therapeutic effects of G31P in preventing the development of atherosclerosis by antagonizing IL-8 receptor and decreasing the biologic activity of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanHua Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Angiotensin II inhibits chemokine CCL5 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:1313-20. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kim HY, Choi JH, Kang YJ, Park SY, Choi HC, Kim HS. Reparixin, an Inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2 Receptor Activation, Attenuates Blood Pressure and Hypertension-Related Mediators Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:120-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
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