1
|
Wang J, Luo L, Meng Z, Ren Y, Tang M, Huang Z, Yang B, Niu Q, Zhou D, Wang M, Li J. Blood and CSF findings of cellular immunity in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111743. [PMID: 38430802 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunopathogenic mechanisms of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDAR-E) by characterizing the changes of immune cells in both peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with NMDAR-E. METHODS Cytology and flow cytometry were used to explore and compare different immunological parameters in PB and CSF of patients with NMDAR-E, viral encephalitis (VE) and healthy volunteers. Moreover, different models were established to assess the possibility of identifying NMDAR-E patients based on PB and CSF parameters. RESULTS The neutrophil counts and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios (MLR) in PB are higher in NMDAR-E patients than in both VEs and controls (P < 0.001, respectively), while the percentages of CD3 + T, CD4 + T lymphocytes, and the leukocytes count in CSF were lower in NMDAR-Es than in VEs (P < 0.01, respectively). The higher percentages of CD8 + T cells in blood and CSF were both correlated with more severe NMDAR-E (P < 0.05, respectively). The poor neurological status group had significantly higher PB leukocytes but lower CSF leukocyte count (P < 0.05). Longitudinal observations in patients with NMDAR-E showed a decreasing trend of leukocyte count, neutrophils count, neutrophil-to-monocyte ratios (NMR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) with the gradual recovery of neurological function. CONCLUSIONS The expression patterns of T lymphocyte subsets were different in patients with NMDAR-E and viral encephalitis. The changing trends of leukocyte and lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid may provide clues for the diagnosis of different types of encephalitides, including NMDARE, and can be used as immunological markers to assess and predict the prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Limei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zirui Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinmei Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JH, Hossain FMA, Patil AM, Choi JY, Kim SB, Uyangaa E, Park SY, Lee JH, Kim B, Kim K, Eo SK. Ablation of CD11c(hi) dendritic cells exacerbates Japanese encephalitis by regulating blood-brain barrier permeability and altering tight junction/adhesion molecules. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 48:22-32. [PMID: 27638116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE), characterized by extensive neuroinflammation following infection with neurotropic JE virus (JEV), is becoming a leading cause of viral encephalitis due to rapid changes in climate and demography. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in restricting neuroinvasion of peripheral leukocytes and virus, thereby regulating the progression of viral encephalitis. In this study, we explored the role of CD11c(hi) dendritic cells (DCs) in regulating BBB integrity and JE progression using a conditional depletion model of CD11c(hi) DCs. Transient ablation of CD11c(hi) DCs resulted in markedly increased susceptibility to JE progression along with highly increased neuro-invasion of JEV. In addition, exacerbated JE progression in CD11c(hi) DC-ablated hosts was closely associated with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and CC chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CXCL2) in the brain. Moreover, our results revealed that the exacerbation of JE progression in CD11c(hi) DC-ablated hosts was correlated with enhanced BBB permeability and reduced expression of tight junction and adhesion molecules (claudin-5, ZO-1, occluding, JAMs). Ultimately, our data conclude that the ablation of CD11c(hi) DCs provided a subsidiary impact on BBB integrity and the expression of tight junction/adhesion molecules, thereby leading to exacerbated JE progression. These findings provide insight into the secondary role of CD11c(hi) DCs in JE progression through regulation of BBB integrity and the expression of tight junction/adhesion molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajit Mahadev Patil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bum Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - John-Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JH, Patil AM, Choi JY, Kim SB, Uyangaa E, Hossain FMA, Park SY, Lee JH, Eo SK. CCR5 ameliorates Japanese encephalitis via dictating the equilibrium of regulatory CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T and IL-17(+)CD4(+) Th17 cells. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:223. [PMID: 27439902 PMCID: PMC5050958 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CCR5 is a CC chemokine receptor involved in the migration of effector leukocytes including macrophages, NK, and T cells into inflamed tissues. Also, the role of CCR5 in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) homing has recently begun to grab attention. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is defined as severe neuroinflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) following infection with mosquito-borne flavivirus JE virus. However, the potential contribution of CCR5 to JE progression via mediating CD4+Foxp3+ Treg homing has not been investigated. Methods Infected wild-type (Ccr5+/+) and CCR5-deficient (Ccr5−/−) mice were examined daily for mortality and clinical signs, and neuroinflammation in the CNS was evaluated by infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes and cytokine expression. In addition, viral burden, NK- and JEV-specific T cell responses were analyzed. Adoptive transfer of CCR5+CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs was used to evaluate the role of Tregs in JE progression. Results CCR5 ablation exacerbated JE without altering viral burden in the extraneural and CNS tissues, as manifested by increased CNS infiltration of Ly-6Chi monocytes and Ly-6Ghi granulocytes. Compared to Ccr5+/+ mice, Ccr5−/− mice unexpectedly showed increased responses of IFN-γ+NK and CD8+ T cells in the spleen, but not CD4+ T cells. More interestingly, CCR5-ablation resulted in a skewed response to IL-17+CD4+ Th17 cells and correspondingly reduced CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and brain, which was closely associated with exacerbated JE. Our results also revealed that adoptive transfer of sorted CCR5+CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs into Ccr5−/− mice could ameliorate JE progression without apparently altering the viral burden and CNS infiltration of IL-17+CD4+ Th17 cells, myeloid-derived Ly-6Chi monocytes and Ly-6Ghi granulocytes. Instead, adoptive transfer of CCR5+CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs into Ccr5−/− mice resulted in increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) in the spleen and brain, and transferred CCR5+ Tregs were found to produce IL-10. Conclusions CCR5 regulates JE progression via governing timely and appropriate CNS infiltration of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs, thereby facilitating host survival. Therefore, this critical and extended role of CCR5 in JE raises possible safety concerns regarding the use of CCR5 antagonists in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals who inhabit regions in which both HIV and flaviviruses, such as JEV and West Nile virus, are endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajit Mahadev Patil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bum Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
James EA, Gates TJ, LaFond RE, Yamamoto S, Ni C, Mai D, Gersuk VH, O’Brien K, Nguyen QA, Zeitner B, Lanteri MC, Norris PJ, Chaussabel D, Malhotra U, Kwok WW. Neuroinvasive West Nile Infection Elicits Elevated and Atypically Polarized T Cell Responses That Promote a Pathogenic Outcome. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005375. [PMID: 26795118 PMCID: PMC4721872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most West Nile virus (WNV) infections are asymptomatic, but some lead to neuroinvasive disease with symptoms ranging from disorientation to paralysis and death. Evidence from animal models suggests that neuroinvasive infections may arise as a consequence of impaired immune protection. However, other data suggest that neurologic symptoms may arise as a consequence of immune mediated damage. We demonstrate that elevated immune responses are present in neuroinvasive disease by directly characterizing WNV-specific T cells in subjects with laboratory documented infections using human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II tetramers. Subjects with neuroinvasive infections had higher overall numbers of WNV-specific T cells than those with asymptomatic infections. Independent of this, we also observed age related increases in WNV-specific T cell responses. Further analysis revealed that WNV-specific T cell responses included a population of atypically polarized CXCR3+CCR4+CCR6- T cells, whose presence was highly correlated with neuroinvasive disease. Moreover, a higher proportion of WNV-specific T cells in these subjects co-produced interferon-γ and interleukin 4 than those from asymptomatic subjects. More globally, subjects with neuroinvasive infections had reduced numbers of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs that were CTLA4 positive and exhibited a distinct upregulated transcript profile that was absent in subjects with asymptomatic infections. Thus, subjects with neuroinvasive WNV infections exhibited elevated, dysregulated, and atypically polarized responses, suggesting that immune mediated damage may indeed contribute to pathogenic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eddie A. James
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theresa J. Gates
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rebecca E. LaFond
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shinobu Yamamoto
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chester Ni
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Duy Mai
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vivian H. Gersuk
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kimberly O’Brien
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Quynh-Anh Nguyen
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brad Zeitner
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marion C. Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Uma Malhotra
- Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William W. Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JH, Choi JY, Kim SB, Uyangaa E, Patil AM, Han YW, Park SY, Lee JH, Kim K, Eo SK. CD11c(hi) Dendritic Cells Regulate Ly-6C(hi) Monocyte Differentiation to Preserve Immune-privileged CNS in Lethal Neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17548. [PMID: 26626303 PMCID: PMC4667186 DOI: 10.1038/srep17548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of dendritic cells (DCs) in adaptive defense have been defined well, the contribution of DCs to T cell-independent innate defense and subsequent neuroimmunopathology in immune-privileged CNS upon infection with neurotropic viruses has not been completely defined. Notably, DC roles in regulating innate CD11b+Ly-6Chi monocyte functions during neuroinflammation have not yet been addressed. Using selective ablation of CD11chiPDCA-1int/lo DCs without alteration in CD11cintPDCA-1hi plasmacytoid DC number, we found that CD11chi DCs are essential to control neuroinflammation caused by infection with neurotropic Japanese encephalitis virus, through early and increased infiltration of CD11b+Ly-6Chi monocytes and higher expression of CC chemokines. More interestingly, selective CD11chi DC ablation provided altered differentiation and function of infiltrated CD11b+Ly-6Chi monocytes in the CNS through Flt3-L and GM-CSF, which was closely associated with severely enhanced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, CD11b+Ly-6Chi monocytes generated in CD11chi DC-ablated environment had a deleterious rather than protective role during neuroinflammation, and were more quickly recruited into inflamed CNS, depending on CCR2, thereby exacerbating neuroinflammation via enhanced supply of virus from the periphery. Therefore, our data demonstrate that CD11chi DCs provide a critical and unexpected role to preserve the immune-privileged CNS in lethal neuroinflammation via regulating the differentiation, function, and trafficking of CD11b+Ly-6Chi monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bum Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajit Mahadev Patil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amorim JH, dos Santos Alves RP, Bizerra R, Araújo Pereira S, Ramos Pereira L, Nascimento Fabris DL, Santos RA, Romano CM, de Souza Ferreira LC. Antibodies are not required to a protective immune response against dengue virus elicited in a mouse encephalitis model. Virology 2015; 487:41-9. [PMID: 26496698 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Generating neutralizing antibodies have been considered a prerequisite to control dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, T lymphocytes have also been shown to be important in a protective immune state. In order to investigate the contribution of both humoral and cellular immune responses in DENV immunity, we used an experimental model in which a non-lethal DENV2 strain (ACS46) is used to intracranially prime Balb/C mice which develop protective immunity against a lethal DENV2 strain (JHA1). Primed mice generated envelope-specific antibodies and CD8(+) T cell responses targeting mainly non-structural proteins. Immune sera from protected mice did not confer passive protection to naïve mice challenged with the JHA1 strain. In contrast, depletion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes significantly reduced survival of ACS46-primed mice challenged with the JHA1 strain. Collectively, results presented in this study show that a cellular immune response targeting non-structural proteins are a promising way in vaccine development against dengue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
| | | | - Raíza Bizerra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sara Araújo Pereira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Robert Andreata Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIMHC), Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | |
Collapse
|