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Peng R, Shang J, Jiang N, Chi-Jen H, Gu Y, Xing B, Hu R, Wu B, Wang D, Xu X, Lu H. Klf10 is involved in extracellular matrix calcification of chondrocytes alleviating chondrocyte senescence. J Transl Med 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38217021 PMCID: PMC10790269 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease resulting joint disability and pain. Accumulating evidences suggest that chondrocyte extracellular matrix calcification plays an important role in the development of OA. Here, we showed that Krüppel-like factor 10 (Klf10) was involved in the regulation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix calcification by regulating the expression of Frizzled9. Knockdown of Klf10 attenuated TBHP induced calcification and reduced calcium content in chondrocytes. Restoring extracellular matrix calcification of chondrocytes could aggravate chondrocyte senescence. Destabilization of a medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of OA, in vivo experiments revealed that knockdown Klf10 improved the calcification of articular cartilage and ameliorated articular cartilage degeneration. These findings suggested that knockdown Klf10 inhibited extracellular matrix calcification-related changes in chondrocytes and alleviated chondrocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 26400, Shandong, China
| | - Hsu Chi-Jen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Baizhou Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Renan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xianghe Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huading Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
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Wang N, Ali A, Liu Z, Chi H, Lv Z, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Hao H, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Monofunctional dimetallic Ru(η6-arene) complexes inhibit NOTCH1 signaling pathway and synergistically enhance anticancer effect in combination with cisplatin or vitamin C. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115536. [PMID: 37295260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ONS donor ligands L1-L4 were utilized in the preparation of monofunctional dimetallic Ru(η6-arene) complexes (C1-C4). These ONS donor ligand based novel tricoordinated Ru(II) complexes bearing η6-arene co-ligand were prepared for the first time. The current methodology resulted in excellent isolated yields and these complexes were characterized in detail by different spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The structures of C1-C2 and C4 were characterized in solid state by single crystal X-ray analysis. The in vitro anticancer analyses showed these novel complexes suppressed the growth of breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2) and lung (A549) cancer cells. C2 suppressed the growth of these cells in dose-dependent manner revealed form the MTT and crystal violet cell viability assays. Moreover, C2 was observed the most potent complex that was used further in detailed mechanistic analyses in cancer cells. C2 showed good cytotoxic activity at 10 μM dose level as compared to cisplatin or oxaliplatin in these cancer cells. We observed morphological changes in cancer cells upon treatment with C2. Moreover, C2 suppressed the invasion and migration ability of cancer cells. C2 induced cellular senescence to retard cell growth and suppressed the formation of cancer stem cells. Importantly, C2 showed synergistic anticancer effect in combination with cisplatin and Vitamin C to further inhibit cell growth which suggested the potential role of C2 in cancer therapy. Mechanistically, C2 inhibited NOTCH1 dependent signaling pathway to suppress cancer cell invasion, migration and cancer stem cells formation. Thus, these data suggested potential role of C2 in cancer therapy by targeting NOTCH1-dependent signaling to suppress tumorigenesis. The results obtained in this study for these novel monofunctional dimetallic Ru(η6-arene) complexes showed their high anticancer potency and this study will pave to further cytotoxicity exploration on this class of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Liu
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Chi
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Lv
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China.
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Hoppe C, Freuding M, Büntzel J, Münstedt K, Hübner J. Clinical efficacy and safety of oral and intravenous vitamin C use in patients with malignant diseases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3025-3042. [PMID: 34402972 PMCID: PMC8397678 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble antioxidant and free radical scavenger. It is required in the body for numerous metabolic functions and is involved in the development of proteins and connective tissue. Methods In April 2020, a systematic search was carried out on five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Cinahl, PsycINFO) to find studies on the use, efficacy and safety of a complementary therapy with vitamin C in oncological patients. Results Out of the initial 23,195 search results, 21 studies with 1961 patients were included in this review. Five of the included studies (n = 417) were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The remaining 16 studies belonged to a lower class of evidence. The patients who were treated with vitamin C suffered from various malignant diseases, some in an advanced and palliative stage. Vitamin C was applied intravenously or orally. It was either the only treatment or was combined with chemo- or radiotherapy. Endpoints included the development of the disease-related symptoms, quality of life, mortality, progression-free survival and safety of vitamin C. The studies were of moderate quality and showed either no effect of vitamin C or a positive trend, although this has rarely been statistically proven in group comparisons. No or only slight side effects with both oral and intravenous administration of vitamin C were reported. Conclusion Oral intake of vitamin C does not appear to have any effect in patients with malignancies. Data are heterogeneous for intravenous administration. There are no RCTs with statistical group comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Hoppe
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Maren Freuding
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Büntzel
- Klinik für HNO-Erkrankungen, Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Interdisziplinäre Palliativstation, Südharz Klinikum Nordhausen, Dr.-Robert-Koch-Straße 39, 99734, Nordhausen, Germany
| | - Karsten Münstedt
- Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Ortenau Klinikum Offenburg-Kehl, Ebertplatz 12, 77654, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Hübner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Kalbkhani F, Pirnejad A, Sam S, Sam MR. The Safe Soluble Compound Dehydroascorbic Acid Inhibits Various Upstream and Downstream Effectors of PI3K and KRAS Signaling Pathways in Undruggable PIK3CA/KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2654-2664. [PMID: 33283545 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1856387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to develop effective drugs targeting PI3K and KRAS signaling pathways in PIK3CA/KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) remain challenging. Finding safe compounds that can easily enter CRCSCs with the ability to target metastasis-driver gene CXCR4 and pluripotency network genes as key upstream and downstream effectors of both PI3K and KRAS signaling pathways may provide promising results. PIK3CA/KRAS-mutant CRCSCs display high expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) on their cell membrane and a glycolytic phenotype providing an opportunity to deliver antiglycolytic compounds into these cells via the GLUTs. CRC patients with low levels of vitamin C in their plasma show a shorter survival suggesting the ability of this vitamin at the physiologic levels for caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in CRCSCs. Vitamin C in an oxidized form (L-dehydroascorbic acid; L-DHA) with antiglycolytic activity can be taken up into CRC cells via the GLUTs. This may provide selective toxicity on CRCSCs and affect CXCR4 and stemness markers genes expression in these cells. To this end, we treated PIK3CA/KRAS-mutant LS174T cells with high glycolytic activity as an attractive model for CRCSCs with L-DHA equal to the pharmacological levels of vitamin C in human plasma, after which cell numbers, metabolic activity, proliferation-rate, CXCR4 and pluripotency network genes expression, caspase-3 activity with apoptosis were evaluated. 48 h post-treatment with 100- to 1000 µM L-DHA, cell numbers were decreased and measured to be 70-47% control. L-DHA with selective toxicity on LS174T cells diminished metabolic activity and cell proliferation-rate to 1.4-0.8 (Control OD = 1.5) and 92-54.5% respectively with no toxicity on PBMCs. L-DHA decreased CXCR4, Bmi-1, Sox-2 and Oct-4 expression to 45%, 85%, 45% and 48% control respectively followed by caspase-3 reactivation by 2.5 to 4.9-fold increases and induction of apoptosis ranging from 0.5% to 58.3% for 100- to 1000 µM L-DHA. According to our data, CRC stem-like cells were highly sensitive to L-DHA in in-vitro. L-DHA selectively targeted LS174T cells and successfully reactivated caspase-3 and apoptosis in these cells. CXCR4, stemness marker genes and metabolic activity appear to be promising targets of L-DHA. Our results may provide a new therapeutic approach to target selectively GLUT-overexpressing PIK3CA/KRAS-mutant CRCSCs using L-DHA with no toxicity on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Kalbkhani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Pirnejad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sohrab Sam
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Abiri B, Vafa M. Vitamin C and Cancer: The Role of Vitamin C in Disease Progression and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1282-1292. [PMID: 32691657 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1795692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Much attention has been put on antioxidants as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against cancer. Vitamin C, an important antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immune system enhancement features, could provide protection against cancer. However, experimental and epidemiologic evidence on vitamin C and cancer risk are still indefinite. Substantial literature reports that cancer patients experience vitamin C deficiency associated with decreased oral intake, infection, inflammation, disease processes, and treatments such as radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. Studies demonstrate associations between IVC and inflammation biomarkers and propose some amelioration in symptoms, with a possible advantage in quality of life (QoL) when intravenous vitamin C (IVC) alone or in combination with oral vitamin C is administered in oncologic care. While, the anticancer impact of high doses of IVC remains debatable in spite of growing evidence that high dose vitamin C shows anti-tumorigenic activity by elevating the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells without meaningful toxicities. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for rigorous and well-controlled assessments of IVC as an adjuvant therapy for cancer before clear conclusions can be drawn. Thus, more clinical trials are required to determine the additive impact of high dose vitamin C in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ryszawy D, Pudełek M, Catapano J, Ciarach M, Setkowicz Z, Konduracka E, Madeja Z, Czyż J. High doses of sodium ascorbate interfere with the expansion of glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2019; 232:116657. [PMID: 31306660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Constant development of chemotherapeutic strategies has considerably improved the efficiency of tumor treatment. However, adverse effects of chemotherapeutics enforce premature treatment cessation, which leads to the tumor recurrence and accelerated death of oncologic patients. Recently, sodium ascorbate (ASC) has been suggested as a promising drug for the adjunctive chemotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and prostate cancer (PC). To estimate whether ASC can interfere with tumor recurrence between the first and second-line chemotherapy, we analyzed the effect of high ASC doses on the expansion of cells in vitro and in vivo. MAIN METHODS Brightfield microscopy-assisted approaches were used to estimate the effect of ASC (1-14 mM) on the morphology and invasiveness of human GBM, rat PC and normal mouse 3T3 cells, whereas cytostatic/pro-apoptotic activity of ASC was estimated with flow cytometry. These assays were complemented by the in vitro CellROX-assisted analyses of intracellular oxidative stress and in vivo estimation of GBM tumor invasion. KEY FINDINGS ASC considerably decreased the proliferation and motility of GBM and PC cells. This effect was accompanied by intracellular ROS over-production and necrotic death of tumor cells, apparently resulting from their "autoschizis". In vivo studies demonstrated the retardation of GBM tumor growth and invasion in the rats undergone intravenous ASC administration, in the absence of detectable systemic adverse effects of ASC. SIGNIFICANCE Our data support previous notions on anti-tumor activity of high ASC doses. However, autoschizis-related cell responses to ASC indicate that its application in human adjunctive tumor therapy should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Pudełek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jessica Catapano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ciarach
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Biology, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Konduracka
- Coronary Disease Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Ascorbic Acid in Colon Cancer: From the Basic to the Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092752. [PMID: 30217071 PMCID: PMC6164730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the safety and potential benefits of intravenous ascorbic acid (AA) administration in cancer patients, there is merit in further exploring this therapeutic concept. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of intravenous AA administration on colorectal cancer and we specifically focus on its effect on glycolysis in mutant and wild type RAS. We perform a PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE search using ascorbic acid, intravenous vitamin C, KRAS mutation, BRAF mutation and colorectal cancer (CRC) as keywords. At the cellular level, colorectal cancer cells undergo a metabolic shift called the Warburg effect to allow for more glucose absorption and utilization of glycolysis. This shift also allows AA to enter which leads to a disruption in the Warburg effect and a shutdown of the downstream KRAS pathway in mutated KRAS colon cancer cells. At the clinical level, AA is associated with tumour regression in advanced disease and improved tolerability and side effects of standard therapy. Based on these findings, we conclude that further clinical trials are needed on a larger scale to examine the therapeutic benefits of AA in colon cancer.
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Lim JY, Kim D, Kim BR, Jun JS, Yeom JS, Park JS, Seo JH, Park CH, Woo HO, Youn HS, Baik SC, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Rhee KH. Vitamin C induces apoptosis in AGS cells via production of ROS of mitochondria. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4270-4276. [PMID: 27895802 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that vitamin C exhibits anti-cancer activity in various tumor cell lines; however, its specific mechanism of action remains unknown. Although the diagnosis and therapy of cancer patients have markedly improved in recent years, safer and more cost-effective treatments are still required. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of vitamin C on the induction of cell death in gastric cancer and its underlying mechanism of action. It was observed that the cytotoxicity of vitamin C on the human gastric cancer cell line AGS is dependent on the apoptotic pathway, including caspase cascades, but not on the necroptotic pathway. It was demonstrated that the vitamin C-induced calcium influx and ROS generation have critical roles in the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, vitamin C treatment depleted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in AGS cells, and the autophagy pathway may be involved in this process. Taken together, the current study suggests that a high dose of vitamin C may induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis through the dysfunction of mitochondria, including calcium influx, reactive oxygen species generation and ATP depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Ran Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sook Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Baik
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Je Cho
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Rhee
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsang 660-702, Republic of Korea
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Luo QQ, Qian ZM, Zhou YF, Zhang MW, Wang D, Zhu L, Ke Y. Expression of Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Is Regulated not only by HIF-1 but also pCREB under Hypoxia. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1191-1202. [PMID: 27766034 PMCID: PMC5069441 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inconsistent of responses of IRP1 and HIF-1 alpha to hypoxia and the similar tendencies in the changes of IRP1 and pCREB contents led us to hypothesize that pCREB might be involved in the regulation of IRP1 under hypoxia. Here, we investigated the role of pCREB in IRP1 expression in HepG2 cells under hypoxia using quantitative PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We demonstrated that 1) Hypoxia increased pCREB levels inside of the nucleus; 2) Putative CREs were found in the IRP1 gene; 3) Nuclear extracts of HepG2 cells treated with hypoxia could bind to CRE1 and CRE3, and 100-fold competitor of putative CREs could abolish the binding activity to varying degrees; 4) pCREB was found in the CRE1 and CRE3 DNA-protein complexes of EMSA; 5) CRE1 and CRE3 binding activity of IRP1 depended on CREB activation but not on HIF-1; 6) Increased IRP1 expression under hypoxia could be prevented by LY294002; 7) ChIP assays demonstrated that pCREB binds to IRP1 promoter; and 8) HIF-1 and/or HIF-2 siRNA had no effect on the expression of pCREB and IRP1 proteins in cells treated with hypoxia for 8 hours. Our findings evidenced for the involvement of pCREB in IRP1 expression and revealed a dominant role of PI3K/Akt pathway in CREB activation under hypoxia and also suggested that dual-regulation of IRP1 expression by HIF-1 and pCERB or other transcription factor(s) under hypoxia might be a common mechanism in most if not all of hypoxia-inducible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Meng-Wan Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Dang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ya Ke
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
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10
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Janakiram NB, Mohammed A, Madka V, Kumar G, Rao CV. Prevention and treatment of cancers by immune modulating nutrients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1275-94. [PMID: 26833775 PMCID: PMC6038926 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory data support the protective effects of bioactive nutrients in our diets for various diseases. Along with various factors, such as genetic history, alcohol, smoking, exercise, and dietary choices play a vital role in affecting an individual's immune responses toward a transforming cell, by either preventing or accelerating a neoplastic transformation. Ample evidence suggests that dietary nutrients control the inflammatory and protumorigenic responses in immune cells. Immunoprevention is usually associated with the modulation of immune responses that help in resolving the inflammation, thus improving clinical outcome. Various metabolic pathway-related nutrients, including glutamine, arginine, vitamins, minerals, and long-chain fatty acids, are important components of immunonutrient mixes. Epidemiological studies related to these substances have reported different results, with no or minimal effects. However, several studies suggest that these nutrients may have immune-modulating effects that may lower cancer risk. Preclinical studies submit that most of these components may provide beneficial effects. The present review discusses the available data, the immune-modulating functions of these nutrients, and how these substances could be used to study immune modulation in a neoplastic environment. Further research will help to determine whether the mechanistic signaling pathways in immune cells altered by nutrients can be exploited for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B. Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hematology Oncology Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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11
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Kim H, Kim Y, Bae S, Lim SH, Jang M, Choi J, Jeon J, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Vitamin C Deficiency Causes Severe Defects in the Development of the Neonatal Cerebellum and in the Motor Behaviors of Gulo(-/-) Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1270-83. [PMID: 25977985 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The developing brain of a neonate is particularly susceptible to damage by vitamin C deficiency because of its rapid growth and immature antioxidant system. Cognitive impairment and sensory motor deficits are found in the adult brain upon vitamin C deficiency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify the role of vitamin C in its own right and its related mechanisms in Gulo(-/-) mice incapable of synthesizing vitamin C. RESULTS When vitamin C supplementation was ceased for 2 weeks until delivery, stillbirths and a significant reduction in neonatal mice were observed and the growth of neonates was remarkably decreased. In addition, intraparenchymal hemorrhages were found in most of the brains, especially in the stillborn neonates. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostanes were increased and structural abnormalities were found in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Especially, vitamin C deficiency caused the failure of or a delay in the formation of cerebellar fissures accompanied by abnormal foliation and altered Purkinje cell alignment. In the developed adult brains from vitamin C-deficient Gulo(-/-) mice, the levels of glutathione, MDA, nitrate, IL-6, TNF-α, and Bax were increased and the expression of the GABRA6 and calbindin-28k was decreased. Due to atrophy of the granule and Purkinje cells, the motor behavior of vitamin C-deficient Gulo(-/-) mice declined. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Vitamin C deficiency during gestation induces intraparenchymal hemorrhages and severe defects in the development of the cerebellum. In fully developed brains, it induces the functional impairment by altering the cellular composition in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Bae
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Lim
- 3 Institute for Experimental Animals, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirim Jang
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyea Choi
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jane Jeon
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-il Hwang
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- 1 Laboratory of Immunology and Vitamin C, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jóźwiak P, Krześlak A, Wieczorek M, Lipińska A. Effect of Glucose on GLUT1-Dependent Intracellular Ascorbate Accumulation and Viability of Thyroid Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1333-41. [PMID: 26381034 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1078823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced glucose requirement of cancer cells is associated with an increased glucose transport across plasma membrane that is mediated by a family of facilitated glucose transporter proteins, named GLUTs. GLUT1 is the main transporter in thyroid cancer cells. Glucose is the principal physiological substrate of GLUT1; however, it is also capable of transporting of oxidized form of vitamin C [i.e., dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) which inside the cells is reduced to ascorbic acid (AA)]. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of normo-, hypo-, and hyperglycemia conditions on GLUT1-dependent intracellular ascorbate accumulation and viability of thyroid cancer cells. GLUT1 seems to be the main DHAA transporter in thyroid cancer cells because its knockdown by RNAi reduced DHAA accumulation by more than 80%. The results showed that in thyroid cancer cells high glucose inhibits both transport of AA and DHAA. Inhibition of vitamin C transport by glucose had a cytotoxic effect on the cells. However, stabilization of vitamin C in one of 2 forms (i.e., AA or DHAA) abolished this effect. These results suggest that cytotoxic effect is rather associated with extracellular accumulation of vitamin C and changes of its oxidation state than with intracellular level of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jóźwiak
- a Department of Cytobiochemistry , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Anna Krześlak
- a Department of Cytobiochemistry , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- b Department of Neurobiology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Anna Lipińska
- a Department of Cytobiochemistry , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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13
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Roberts BM, Fullerton DR, Elliott SL. High concentrations of L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) induces apoptosis in a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1893/bios-d-14-00019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fritz H, Flower G, Weeks L, Cooley K, Callachan M, McGowan J, Skidmore B, Kirchner L, Seely D. Intravenous Vitamin C and Cancer: A Systematic Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2014; 13:280-300. [PMID: 24867961 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414534463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous vitamin C (IVC) is a contentious adjunctive cancer therapy, widely used in naturopathic and integrative oncology settings. We conducted a systematic review of human interventional and observational studies assessing IVC for use in cancer patients. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and AMED from inception to April 2013 for human studies examining the safety, effectiveness, or pharmacokinetics of IVC use in cancer patients. RESULTS Of 897 records, a total of 39 reports of 37 studies were included: 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 15 uncontrolled trials, 6 observational studies, and 14 case reports. IVC dosing ranged from 1 g to more than 200 g ascorbic acid per infusion, typically administered 2 to 3 times weekly. IVC does not appear to increase toxicity or interfere with antitumor effects of gemcitabine/erlotinib therapy or paclitaxel and carboplatin. Based on 1 RCT and data from uncontrolled human trials, IVC may improve time to relapse and possibly enhance reductions in tumor mass and improve survival in combination with chemotherapy. IVC may improve quality of life, physical function, and toxicities associated with chemotherapy, including fatigue, nausea, insomnia, constipation, and depression. Case reports document several instances of tumor regression and long-term disease-free survival associated with use of IVC. CONCLUSION There is limited high-quality clinical evidence on the safety and effectiveness of IVC. The existing evidence is preliminary and cannot be considered conclusive but is suggestive of a good safety profile and potentially important antitumor activity; however, more rigorous evidence is needed to conclusively demonstrate these effects. IVC may improve the quality of life and symptom severity of patients with cancer, and several cases of cancer remission have been reported. Well-designed, controlled studies of IVC therapy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Fritz
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian Flower
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Weeks
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jessie McGowan
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Becky Skidmore
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dugald Seely
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Christudoss P, Selvakumar R, Pulimood AB, Fleming JJ, Mathew G. Protective role of aspirin, vitamin C, and zinc and their effects on zinc status in the DMH-induced colon carcinoma model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4627-34. [PMID: 24083715 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprotection refers to the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to suppress or prevent the progression to cancer. The purpose of this study is to assess the protective effect of aspirin, vitamin C or zinc in a dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) colon carcinoma model in rats and to investigate the effect of these supplements on changes associated with colonic zinc status. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, group 1 (aspirin), group 2 (vitamin C) and group 3 (zinc), each being subdivided into two groups and given subcutaneous injection of DMH (30 mg/kg body wt) twice a week for 3 months and sacrificed at 4 months (A-precancer model) and 6 months (B-cancer model). Groups 1, 2, 3 were simultaneously given aspirin, vitamin C, or zinc supplement respectively from the beginning till the end of the study. It was observed that 87.5% of rats co-treated with aspirin or vitamin C showed normal colonic histology, along with a significant decrease in colonic tissue zinc at both time points. Rats co-treated with zinc showed 100% reduction in tumor incidence with no significant change in colonic tissue zinc. Plasma zinc, colonic CuZnSOD (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase) and alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant changes in all 3 cotreated groups. These results suggest that aspirin, vitamin C or zinc given separately, exert a chemoprotective effect against chemically induced DMH colonic preneoplastic progression and colonic carcinogenesis in rats. The inhibitory effects are associated with maintaining the colonic tissue zinc levels and zinc enzymes at near normal without significant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Christudoss
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail :
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16
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Nagappan A, Park HS, Park KI, Kim JA, Hong GE, Kang SR, Zhang J, Kim EH, Lee WS, Won CK, Kim GS. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in vitamin C-treated AGS cells. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 14:24. [PMID: 24067024 PMCID: PMC3848938 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient of most living tissues that readily acts as a strong reducing agent, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables. Although, it inhibits cell growth in many human cancer cells in vitro, treatment in cancer is still controversial. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on AGS cell growth, and protein profiles in AGS cells after exposure to vitamin C treatment, by using proteomic tools. RESULTS Vitamin C showed a cytotoxic effect on AGS cells (IC50 300 μg/mL) and, 20 differentially expressed proteins (spot intensities which show ≥2 fold change and statistically significant, p<0.05 between the control and vitamin-C treated group) were successfully identified by assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Of the 20 proteins, six were up-regulated and fourteen were down-regulated. Specifically, 14-3-3σ, 14-3-3ϵ, 14-3-3δ, tropomyosin alpha-3 chain and tropomyosin alpha-4 chain were down-regulated and peroxiredoxin-4 and thioredoxin domain-containing proteins 5 were up-regulated. The identified proteins are mainly involved in cell mobility, antioxidant and detoxification, signal transduction and protein metabolism. Further, the expressions of 14-3-3 isoforms were verified with immuno-blotting analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our proteome results suggest that the apoptosis related proteins were involved in promoting and regulating cell death of AGS cells, and might be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of vitamin C on AGS cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulkumar Nagappan
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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