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Arabi TZ, Fawzy NA, Sabbah BN, Ouban A. Claudins in genitourinary tract neoplasms: mechanisms, prognosis, and therapeutic prospects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1308082. [PMID: 38188015 PMCID: PMC10771851 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1308082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) cancers are among the most prevalent neoplasms in the world, with bladder cancers constituting 3% of global cancer diagnoses. However, several pathogenetic mechanisms remain controversial and unclear. Claudins, for example, have been shown to play a significant role in several cancers of the human body. Their role in GU cancers has not been extensively studied. Aberrant expression of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -7, and -11 has been expressed in urothelial cell carcinomas. In prostate cancers, altered levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 have been reported. Furthermore, the levels of claudins -1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -8, and -10 have been studied in renal cell carcinomas. Specifically, claudins -7 and -8 have proven especially useful in differentiating between chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Several of these claudins also correlate with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in GU cancers. Although mechanisms underpinning aberrant expression of claudins in GU cancers are unclear, epigenetic changes, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, and the p63 protein have been implicated. Claudins also provide therapeutic value through tailored immunotherapy via molecular subtyping and providing therapeutic targets, which have shown positive outcomes in preclinical studies. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature describing aberrant expression of claudins in urothelial, prostatic, and renal cell carcinomas. Then, we describe the mechanisms underlying these changes and the therapeutic value of claudins. Understanding the scope of claudins in GU cancers paves the way for several diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abderrahman Ouban
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Tao D, Guan B, Li H, Zhou C. Expression patterns of claudins in cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21338. [PMID: 37954388 PMCID: PMC10637965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are four-transmembrane proteins, which were found in tight junctions. They maintain cell barriers and regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. They are involved in maintaining cellular polarity and normal functions. Different claudins show different expression patterns. The expression level and localization of claudins are altered in various cancers. They promote or inhibit proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, claudins may serve as diagnostic markers, novel therapeutic targets, and prognostic risk factors. The important roles of claudins in cancer aroused our great interest. In the present review, we provide a summary of insights into expression patterns of claudins in cancer, which is more comprehensive and provides new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyu Tao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bingxin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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3
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Sugiura K, Masuike Y, Suzuki K, Shin AE, Sakai N, Matsubara H, Otsuka M, Sims PA, Lengner CJ, Rustgi AK. LIN28B promotes cell invasion and colorectal cancer metastasis via CLDN1 and NOTCH3. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167310. [PMID: 37318881 PMCID: PMC10443801 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein LIN28B is overexpressed in over 30% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with poor prognosis. In the present study, we unraveled a potentially novel mechanism by which LIN28B regulates colonic epithelial cell-cell junctions and CRC metastasis. Using human CRC cells (DLD-1, Caco-2, and LoVo) with either knockdown or overexpression of LIN28B, we identified claudin 1 (CLDN1) tight junction protein as a direct downstream target and effector of LIN28B. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that LIN28B directly binds to and posttranscriptionally regulates CLDN1 mRNA. Furthermore, using in vitro assays and a potentially novel murine model of metastatic CRC, we show that LIN28B-mediated CLDN1 expression enhances collective invasion, cell migration, and metastatic liver tumor formation. Bulk RNA sequencing of the metastatic liver tumors identified NOTCH3 as a downstream effector of the LIN28B/CLDN1 axis. Additionally, genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of NOTCH3 signaling revealed that NOTCH3 was necessary for invasion and metastatic liver tumor formation. In summary, our results suggest that LIN28B promotes invasion and liver metastasis of CRC by posttranscriptionally regulating CLDN1 and activating NOTCH3 signaling. This discovery offers a promising new therapeutic option for metastatic CRC to the liver, an area where therapeutic advancements have been relatively scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sugiura
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of General Surgery and
| | - Alice E. Shin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Peter A. Sims
- Department of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Popova OP, Kuznetsova AV, Bogomazova SY, Ivanov AA. Claudins as biomarkers of differential diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2803-2817. [PMID: 34241653 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins, the optimal expression and localization of which are important for the normal physiological function of the epithelium and any imbalance may have pathological consequences. Not only insufficient but also excessive production of claudins in cancer cells, as well as their aberrant localization, equally manifest the formation of a malignant phenotype. Many works are distinguished by contradictory data, which demonstrate the action of the same claudins both in the role of tumor-growth suppressors and promoters in the same cancers. The most important possible causes of significant discrepancies in the results of the works are a considerable variability of sampling and the absence of a consistent approach both to the assessment of the immune reactivity of claudins and to the differential analysis of their subcellular localization. Combined, these drawbacks hinder the histological assessment of the link between claudins and tumor progression. In particular, ambiguous expression of claudins in breast cancer subtypes, revealed by various authors in immunohistochemical analysis, not only fails to facilitate the identification of the claudin-low molecular subtype but rather complicates these efforts. Research into the role of claudins in carcinogenesis has undoubtedly confirmed the potential value of this class of proteins as significant biomarkers in some cancer types; however, the immunohistochemical approach to the assessment of claudins still has limitations, needs standardization, and, to date, has not reached a diagnostic or a prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Popova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 20, Bld 1, Delegatskaya Street, Moscow, 127473, Russia
| | - Alla V Kuznetsova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 20, Bld 1, Delegatskaya Street, Moscow, 127473, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Svetlana Yu Bogomazova
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Research Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ivankovskoe shosse, 3, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - Alexey A Ivanov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 20, Bld 1, Delegatskaya Street, Moscow, 127473, Russia.
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Pascal LE, Dhir R, Balasubramani GK, Chen W, Hudson CN, Srivastava P, Green A, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Wang Z. Claudin-1 down-regulation in the prostate is associated with aging and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in BPH. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:53-64. [PMID: 33816694 PMCID: PMC8012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease that is frequently associated with chronic prostatic inflammation. In previous studies, we detected the presence of PSA protein in the stroma of BPH nodules and down-regulation of junction proteins E-cadherin and claudin-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showed a decrease in tight junctions suggesting the luminal epithelial barrier in BPH tissues may be compromised. Recent in vitro studies showed that stimulation of benign prostate epithelial cell lines with TGF-β1 induced a decrease in claudin-1 expression suggesting that inflammation might be associated with alterations in the prostate epithelial barrier. This study explored the potential associations between aging and loss of junction proteins and the presence of inflammatory cells in prostate tissue specimens from young healthy donors and aged BPH patients. METHODS Immunostaining of serial prostate sections from 13 BPH patients and five healthy young donors was performed for claudin-1, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68. H-Scores and the number of inflammatory cells were calculated for the same area in donor, normal adjacent prostate (NAP) to and BPH specimens. Quantification and statistical correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Claudin-1 immunostaining was inversely associated with increasing age, and inflammation in prostate specimens. B-cell infiltration increased with age and BPH was associated with an increased infiltration of T-cells and macrophages compared to NAP. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that aging is associated with down-regulation of claudin-1 and claudin-1 is further decreased in BPH. Claudin-1 down-regulation was associated with increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in both NAP and BPH tissues. Claudin-1 down-regulation in the aging prostate could contribute to increased prostatic inflammation, subsequently contributing to BPH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chandler N Hudson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony Green
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
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Claudins: New Players in Human Fertility and Reproductive System Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030711. [PMID: 32197343 PMCID: PMC7140004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are major integral proteins of tight junctions (TJs), the apical cell-cell adhesions that enable maintaining polarity of epithelial cells, their differentiation, and cell signaling. A number of studies have indicated that claudins might play a crucial role in both physiology and pathogenesis. Their tissue-specific expression was originally linked to the development of different types of cancer and triggered a hope to use them as diagnostic or prognostic markers. However, it seems that their expression is more complex than that, and undoubtedly, claudins participate in one of the most important molecular events in cells. This review summarizes the recent research evaluating the role of claudins in fertility and the most common endocrine-dependent cancers in the reproductive system and highlights the crucial role of claudins both in human fertility and the most common cancers.
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Bhat AA, Syed N, Therachiyil L, Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Krishnankutty R, Muralitharan S, Al-Naemi H, Bagga P, Reddy R, Dhawan P, Akobeng A, Uddin S, Frenneaux MP, El-Rifai W, Haris M. Claudin-1, A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020569. [PMID: 31952355 PMCID: PMC7013445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, a group of membrane proteins involved in the formation of tight junctions, are mainly found in endothelial or epithelial cells. These proteins have attracted much attention in recent years and have been implicated and studied in a multitude of diseases. Claudins not only regulate paracellular transepithelial/transendothelial transport but are also critical for cell growth and differentiation. Not only tissue-specific but the differential expression in malignant tumors is also the focus of claudin-related research. In addition to up- or down-regulation, claudin proteins also undergo delocalization, which plays a vital role in tumor invasion and aggressiveness. Claudin (CLDN)-1 is the most-studied claudin in cancers and to date, its role as either a tumor promoter or suppressor (or both) is not established. In some cancers, lower expression of CLDN-1 is shown to be associated with cancer progression and invasion, while in others, loss of CLDN-1 improves the patient survival. Another topic of discussion regarding the significance of CLDN-1 is its localization (nuclear or cytoplasmic vs perijunctional) in diseased states. This article reviews the evidence regarding CLDN-1 in cancers either as a tumor promoter or suppressor from the literature and we also review the literature regarding the pattern of CLDN-1 distribution in different cancers, focusing on whether this localization is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, we utilized expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the association between CLDN-1 expression and overall survival (OS) in different cancer types. We also used TCGA data to compare CLDN-1 expression in normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, a pathway interaction analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of CLDN-1 with other proteins and as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Anthony Akobeng
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7407
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Claudin-1 upregulation is associated with favorable tumor features and a reduced risk for biochemical recurrence in ERG-positive prostate cancer. World J Urol 2019; 38:2185-2196. [PMID: 31745645 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-03017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-1 is a membrane-tight junction protein and important for the sealing of the paracellular cleft in epithelial and endothelial cells. Differential expression of Claudin-1 is linked to disease outcome in various cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS To evaluate the potential relevance of Claudin-1 expression in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray containing samples of 17,747 tumors with annotated clinico-pathological and molecular data was immunohistochemically analyzed for Claudin-1 expression. RESULTS In normal prostate, glandular cells were always Claudin-1-negative while there was a strong staining of gland-surrounding basal cells. In contrast to normal prostatic glands, a positive Claudin-1 immunostaining, was found, however, in 38.7% of 12,441 interpretable cancers and was considered weak in 12.7%, moderate in 13.2%, and strong in 12.8% of cases. Positive Claudin-1 immunostaining was associated with favorable tumor features like low pT (p = 0.0032), low Gleason grade (p< 0.0001), and a reduced risk of PSA recurrence (p = 0.0005). A positive Claudin-1 staining was markedly more frequent in ERG-positive (63%) than in ERG-negative cancers (23%; p < 0.0001). Subset analyses revealed that all associations of Claudin-1 expression and favorable phenotype and prognosis were driven by ERG-positive cancers. Multivariate analyses revealed, however, that even in ERG-positive cancers, the prognostic impact of high Claudin-1 expression was not independent of established clinico-pathological parameters. Comparison with 12 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions identified conspicuous associations with PTEN and 12p13 deletions potentially indicating functional interactions. CONCLUSION These data identify a peculiar role for Claudin-1 in prostate cancer. The protein is overexpressed in a fraction of prostate cancers and increased Claudin-1 expression levels predict a favorable prognosis in ERG-positive cancer.
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Upadhaya P, Barhoi D, Giri A, Bhattacharjee A, Giri S. Joint detection of claudin-1 and junctional adhesion molecule-A as a therapeutic target in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18117-18127. [PMID: 31161679 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of claudin-1 (CLDN-1) and junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) has been described in certain malignancies but their clinical relevance is poorly understood. The present study aims to elucidate the role of CLDN-1 and JAM-A in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Changes in the expression of these proteins were identified immunohistochemically on tissue sections from patients with OED and OSCC and compared with control. A correlation between the expression level of proteins and clinicopathological features was analyzed by Pearson's correlation χ2 test. The survival curve of the follow-up data was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method followed by the log-rank test. CLDN-1 and JAM-A were highly expressed in OED and OSCC tissues when compared to control. Also, delocalization of CLDN-1 from the membrane to the cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed as the cell proceeds from normal to malignancy. Increased expression of CLDN-1 and JAM-A in both OED and OSCC were concomitant with histological grades. In addition, increased JAM-A was associated with perineural invasion of cancer cells. A positive correlation between the expression level of proteins was observed in OED (r = 0.733) and OSCC (r = 0.577). Kaplan-Meier analysis in patients with OSCC showed that the survival rate was lower in patients with high CLDN-1 and high JAM-A expression compared to low expressed patients. To conclude, the elevated level and delocalization of CLDN-1 and JAM-A suggest their use as tumor markers. A positive correlation between CLDN-1 and JAM-A suggests joint detection of these proteins as a future diagnostic tool in oral precancerous and cancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Upadhaya
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Dharmeswar Barhoi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Sarbani Giri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Zhang X, Chen J, Sun L, Xu Y. SIRT1 deacetylates KLF4 to activate Claudin-5 transcription in ovarian cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2418-2426. [PMID: 28888043 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malignant cancers are distinguished from more benign forms of cancers by enhanced ability to disseminate. A number of factors aid the migration and invasion of malignant cancer cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which greatly facilitates the dissemination of cancer cells, is characterized by the loss of epithelial markers and the acquisition of mesenchymal markers thereby rendering the cells more migratory and invasive. We have previously shown that the class III lysine deacetylase SIRT1 plays a critical role curbing the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells partly by blocking EMT. Here we investigated the mechanism by which SIRT1 regulates the transcription of Claudin 5 (CLDN5), an epithelial marker gene, in ovarian cancer cells. SIRT1 activation or over-expression up-regulated CLDN5 expression while SIRT1 inhibition or depletion down-regulated CLDN5 expression. SIRT1 interacted with and deacetylated Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a known transcriptional activator for CLDN5. Deacetylation by SIRT1 promoted nuclear accumulation of KLF4 and enhanced the binding of KLF4 to the CLDN5 promoter in the nucleus. SIRT1-mediated up-regulation of CLDN5 was abrogated in the absence of KLF4. In accordance, KLF4 depletion by siRNA rendered ovarian cancer cells more migratory and invasive despite of SIRT1 activation or over-expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that SIRT1 activates CLDN5 transcription by deacetylating and potentiating KLF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuxi College of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Shui IM, Wong CJ, Zhao S, Kolb S, Ebot EM, Geybels MS, Rubicz R, Wright JL, Lin DW, Klotzle B, Bibikova M, Fan JB, Ostrander EA, Feng Z, Stanford JL. Prostate tumor DNA methylation is associated with cigarette smoking and adverse prostate cancer outcomes. Cancer 2016; 122:2168-77. [PMID: 27142338 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation has been hypothesized as a mechanism for explaining the association between smoking and adverse prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes. This study was aimed at assessing whether smoking is associated with prostate tumor DNA methylation and whether these alterations may explain in part the association of smoking with PCa recurrence and mortality. METHODS A total of 523 men had radical prostatectomy as their primary treatment, detailed smoking history data, long-term follow-up for PCa outcomes, and tumor tissue profiled for DNA methylation. Ninety percent of the men also had matched tumor gene expression data. A methylome-wide analysis was conducted to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by smoking status. To select potential functionally relevant DMRs, their correlation with the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of corresponding genes was evaluated. Finally, a smoking-related methylation score based on the top-ranked DMRs was created to assess its association with PCa outcomes. RESULTS Forty DMRs were associated with smoking status, and 10 of these were strongly correlated with mRNA expression (aldehyde oxidase 1 [AOX1], claudin 5 [CLDN5], early B-cell factor 1 [EBF1], homeobox A7 [HOXA7], lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 [LGALS3], microtubule-associated protein τ [MAPT], protocadherin γ A [PCDHGA]/protocadherin γ B [PCDHGB], paraoxonase 3 [PON3], synaptonemal complex protein 2 like [SYCP2L], and zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 12 [ZSCAN12]). Men who were in the highest tertile for the smoking-methylation score derived from these DMRs had a higher risk of recurrence (odds ratio [OR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-3.72) and lethal disease (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.65-11.78) in comparison with men in the lower 2 tertiles. CONCLUSIONS This integrative molecular epidemiology study supports the hypothesis that smoking-associated tumor DNA methylation changes may explain at least part of the association between smoking and adverse PCa outcomes. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings and understand the implications for improving patient outcomes. Cancer 2016;122:2168-77. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Shui
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chao-Jen Wong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Milan S Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rohina Rubicz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
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Sappayatosok K, Phattarataratip E. Overexpression of Claudin-1 is Associated with Advanced Clinical Stage and Invasive Pathologic Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 9:173-80. [PMID: 25078758 PMCID: PMC4424206 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Claudins constitute a group of principal proteins forming the tight junctional complex. The altered expression of selected claudins has been reported in several human cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of claudin-1 and claudin-4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and examine its relationship with patient clinical-pathologic features. Forty-five OSCC cases were enrolled. Patient clinical, pathologic and follow-up data were reviewed and the claudin-1 and claudin-4 expression was analyzed immunohistochemically. Positive claudin-1 and claudin-4 immunoreactivities were noted in 86.7 and 80 % of cases, respectively. The majority of cases showed the staining in less than 25 % of cancer cells. The increased claudin-1 expression was significantly associated with the high pathologic grade, the presence of microscopic perineural invasion, vascular invasion, nodal metastasis, and advanced clinical stage. No relationship between various clinico-pathologic parameters and differential claudin-4 expression was observed. Claudin-1 may play a role in OSCC progression and could serve as a prognostic marker of advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kraisorn Sappayatosok
- />Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, 52/347 Muang-Ake, Phaholyothin Road, Lak-Hok, Muang, Pathumthani 12000 Thailand
| | - Ekarat Phattarataratip
- />Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Immunoexpression of claudin-1 and Nm23-H1 in metastatic and nonmetastatic lower lip squamous-cell carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013; 20:595-601. [PMID: 22531683 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3182505c22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of claudin-1 and Nm23-H1 in metastatic and nonmetastatic lower lip squamous-cell carcinoma (LLSCC). Twenty LLSCCs with regional nodal metastasis and 20 LLSCCs without metastases were selected. The percentage of claudin-1 staining and the staining intensity and percentage of Nm23-H1 staining in each tumor core were assessed. Metastatic tumors exhibited higher expression of claudin-1 than nonmetastatic tumors (P = 0.030). Similarly, stage III and IV LLSCCs showed higher expression of claudin-1 than stages I and II (P = 0.026). The percentage of claudin-1 staining was scored as 2 in most well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors, whereas poorly differentiated tumors showed a relatively similar distribution of scores 2, 1, and 0 (P = 0.648). Regarding Nm23-H1, there was a predominance of negative cases for both metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors (P = 0.235). In addition, no significant differences in the percentage of Nm23-H1-negative and Nm23-H1-positive cases were observed regarding the clinical staging (P = 0.430) and the histologic grading of malignancy (P = 0.702). The results of this study suggest an important role of claudin-1 in the development of metastasis in LLSCCs. In contrast, the present findings do not support a significant role of Nm23-H1 in metastasis suppression of LLSCC.
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Claudin-5 is involved in breast cancer cell motility through the N-WASP and ROCK signalling pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:43. [PMID: 22559840 PMCID: PMC3432004 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown dysregulation in TJ structure of several cancers including breast. Claudin-5 is a protein member of the TJ structure expressed in both endothelial and epithelial cells. This study examined the level of expression and distribution of Claudin-5 in human breast cancer tissues and the effect of knockdown and forced expression of Claudin-5 in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and quantitative-PCR were used to analyse patient tissue samples. The Claudin-5 gene was cloned and overexpressed or knocked down using ribozyme technology in human breast cancer cells. Changes in function were assessed using in vitro assays for invasion, growth, adhesion, wounding, motility, transepithelial resistance and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Changes in cell behaviour were achieved through the use of Hepatocyte Growth factor (HGF) which we have shown to affect TJ function and expression of TJ proteins. In addition, an in vivo model was used for tumour growth assays. Results data was analyzed using a Students two sample t-test and by Two-way Anova test when the data was found to be normalized and have equal variances. In all cases 95% confidence intervals were used. RESULTS Patients whose tumours expressed high levels of Claudin-5 had shorter survival than those with low levels (p = 0.004). Investigating in vitro the effect of altering levels of expression of Claudin-5 in MDA-MB-231 cells revealed that the insertion of Claudin-5 gene resulted in significantly more motile cells (p < 0.005). Low levels of Claudin-5 resulted in a decrease in adhesion to matrix (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a possible link between Claudin-5 and N-WASP, and Claudin-5 and ROCK was demonstrated when interactions between these proteins were seen in the cells. Moreover, followed by treatment of N-WASP inhibitor (Wiskostatin) and ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) cell motility was assessed in response to the inhibitors. Results showed that the knockdown of Claudin-5 in MDA-MB-231 masked their response after treatment with N-WASP inhibitor; however treatment with ROCK inhibitor did not reveal any differences in motility in this cell line. CONCLUSIONS This study portrays a very new and interesting role for Claudin-5 in cell motility involving the N-WASP signalling cascade indicating a possible role for Claudin-5 in the metastasis of human breast cancer.
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Shin HI, Kim BH, Chang HS, Kim CI, Jung HR, Park CH. Expression of claudin-1 and -7 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Korean J Urol 2011; 52:317-22. [PMID: 21687390 PMCID: PMC3106163 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2011.52.5.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the correlations between the expression of claudin-1 and claudin-7 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (clear cell RCC) and clinical parameters. Materials and Methods The subjects of this study were 119 patients with confirmed clear cell RCC between January 2000 and December 2007. Their RCC tissues were immunohistochemically stained for claudin-1 and claudin-7. The correlations between the expression of claudin and parameters such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, TNM stage, Furhman nuclear grade, postoperative distant metastasis, and cancer-specific survival were analyzed. Results Among the total 119 subjects, claudin-1 was expressed in 18 (15.1%) and claudin- 7 in 31 (26.1%). Claudin-1 was expressed in patients who were older (p=0.007), who had a greater tumor size (p=0.001), who had a higher pathologic T stage (p=0.009), who had preoperative distant metastasis (p=0.035), and who had a higher Furhman nuclear grade (p=0.004). Claudin-7 was expressed only in patients who had a higher Furhman nuclear grade (p=0.031). The risk of postoperative distant metastasis was associated with the expression of claudin-1 (p<0.001) but not with the expression of claudin-7 (p=0.668). The expression of claudin-1 and -7 was not associated with cancer-specific survival (p>0.05). Conclusions In clear cell RCC, claudin-1 was expressed in patients who were older and who had a greater tumor size, who had higher T or M stages, and who had a higher Furhman nuclear grade. The expression of claudin-1 was associated with a higher risk of postoperative distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Il Shin
- Department of Urology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Bartholow TL, Chandran UR, Becich MJ, Parwani AV. Immunohistochemical profiles of claudin-3 in primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:12. [PMID: 21255442 PMCID: PMC3033791 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Claudins are integral membrane proteins that are involved in forming cellular tight junctions. One member of the claudin family, claudin-3, has been shown to be overexpressed in breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer. Here we use immunohistochemistry to evaluate its expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), normal tissue adjacent to prostatic adenocarcinoma (NAC), primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa), and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (Mets). Methods Tissue microarrays were immunohistochemically stained for claudin-3, with the staining intensities subsequently quantified and statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with subsequent Tukey tests for multiple comparisons or a nonparametric equivalent. Fifty-three cases of NAC, 17 cases of BPH, 35 cases of PIN, 107 cases of PCa, and 55 cases of Mets were analyzed in the microarrays. Results PCa and Mets had the highest absolute staining for claudin-3. Both had significantly higher staining than BPH (p < 0.05 in both cases) and NAC (p < 0.05 in both cases). PIN had a lower, but non-significant, staining score than PCa and Mets, but a statistically higher score than both BPH and NAC (p < 0.05 for both cases). No significant differences were observed between PCa, Mets, and PIN. Conclusions To our knowledge, this represents one of the first studies comparing the immunohistochemical profiles of claudin-3 in PCa and NAC to specimens of PIN, BPH, and Mets. These findings provide further evidence that claudin-3 may serve as an important biomarker for prostate cancer, both primary and metastatic, but does not provide evidence that claudin-3 can be used to predict risk of metastasis.
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