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Mahmood Janlou MA, Sahebjamee H, Yazdani M, Fozouni L. Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics approaches to identify new inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus sortase A. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1157-1169. [PMID: 37184111 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2201863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent Gram-positive bacteria leading cause of a wide range of human pathologies. Moreover, antibiotic résistance of pathogenesis bacteria is one of the worldwide health problems. In Gram-positive bacteria, the enzyme of SrtA, is responsible for the anchoring of surface-exposed proteins to the cell wall peptidoglycan. Because of its critical role in Gram-positive bacterial pathogenesis, SrtA is an attractive target for anti-virulence during drug development. To date, some SrtA inhibitors have been discovered most of them being derived from flavonoid compounds, like Myricetin. In order to provide potential hit molecules against SrtA for clinical use, we obtained a total of 293 compounds by performing in silico shape-based screening of compound libraries against Myristin as a reference structure. Employing molecular docking and scoring functions, the top 3 compounds Apigenin, Efloxate, and Compound 8261032 were screened by comparing their docking scores with Myricetin. Furthermore, MD simulations and MM-PBSA binding energy calculation studies revealed that only Compound 8261032 strongly binds to the catalytic core of the SrtA enzyme than Myricetin, and stable behavior was consistently observed in the docking complex. Compound 8261032 showed a good number of hydrogen bonds with SrtA and higher MM-PBSA binding energy when compared to all three molecules. Also, it makes strength interactions with Arg139 and His62, which are critical for SrtA biological activity. This study showed that the development of this inhibitor could be a fundamental strategy against resistant bacteria, but further studies in vitro are needed to confirm this claim.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehr Ali Mahmood Janlou
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hassan Sahebjamee
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Fozouni
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
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2
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Naser HH, Kadhim MJ, Almhanna H. Investigating the impact of the genetic variant CXCR1 (rs2234671) in individuals with urinary tract infections. Hum Antibodies 2024; 32:9-18. [PMID: 38339925 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are currently posing a worldwide health concern by affecting millions of people. The genetic variant rs2234671 in the CXCR1-interleukin-8 receptor is closely related to a raised UTI risk. OBJECTIVES In this work, the impact of CXCR1 (rs2234671) on UTI individuals was examined. METHODS The demographic features of 30 recurrent UTI patients and 20 controls were thoroughly investigated. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed by the implementation of cultural and biochemical methods. DNA extraction, purification of all samples from both patients and healthy people, and IL-8 rs2234671 (C/G) SNP genotyping using T-ARMS-PCR were performed. The significance of the results was evaluated by carrying out a statistical analysis. FINDINGS The patient's average age was 34.63 ± 11.44 years, and controls averaged 30.30 ± 8.59 years (P= 0.156). No significant gender difference existed (P= 0.804). Escherichia coli (63.3%) was predominant, followed by Proteus mirabilis (26.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (23.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.0%). No significant association was found between bacterial species frequency, age, or sex. From the CXCR1 (rs2234671) frequency comparison, a higher GG genotype incidence in UTI patients than controls was extracted (26.7% vs. 15.0%), though not statistically significant. Risk analysis revealed that GG homozygous and C/G heterozygous genotypes were not UTI risk factors (OR = 2.47 and OR = 1.85, respectively). Moreover, the allele frequencies displayed no significant difference between the patients and controls (G allele: 66.7% vs. 66.7%; C allele: 33.3% vs. 33.3%). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Although no significant association between CXCR1 (rs2234671) and UTI was found, the GG genotype may point to the increasing probability of UTI risk. Additional research is required to confirm and expand these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hachim Naser
- Zoonotic Disease Research Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
| | - Mohanad Jawad Kadhim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Hazem Almhanna
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
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Perdana MA, Wahyuni DD, Yunita R. Characteristics and susceptibility pattern of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) bacteria in Indonesia: A study in a national reference hospital of Sumatra region 2020-2021. NARRA J 2023; 3:e436. [PMID: 38450331 PMCID: PMC10914051 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is defined as a urinary tract infection associated with catheter placement for more than two consecutive days. Hence, antibiotic resistance in the context of CAUTIs represents a substantial challenge. The aim of this study was to present the characteristics of patients with CAUTI and the susceptibility pattern of CAUTI bacteria in the national reference hospital of the Sumatra region of Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, from 2020 to 2021, using a total sampling. All CAUTI patients included were on catheterization and diagnosed based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. The patient's urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility test were carried out on the patient's admitted urine sample for further assessment. Identification of bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility test, and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) test for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were conducted using the VITEK-2 Compact. A total of 74 CAUTI patients were included in the study, 59.5% were female, 54.1% were 46-65 years old, and a third had cardiovascular disease comorbidities (33.8%). A total of 83 CAUTI-associated bacteria were isolated. The majority were Gram-negative bacteria (74.7%), and the most bacteria isolated was E. coli (31.3%), followed by K. pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus faecium. The ESBL test was positive mostly in K. pneumoniae (100%) and E. coli (76.9%). CAUTI-associated E. coli was susceptible to tigecycline, meropenem, ertapenem, nitrofurantoin, and gentamicin. The isolated K. pneumoniae was susceptible to tigecycline, meropenem, ertapenem, and amikacin. While E. faecalis showed susceptibility to tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, vancomycin, imipenem, linezolid, ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, and piperacillin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dian D Wahyuni
- Department of Microbiology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rina Yunita
- Department of Microbiology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
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Jovanović M, Velebit B, Tošić T, Maki G, Pavić S, Jovanović S, Stošović R, Zervos MJ. Comparative study of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis and biofilm production in invasive and colonizing enterococci. EUR J INFLAMM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x231156333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In humans, enterococci are among the most important opportunistic pathogens. This study aims to compare invasive isolates obtained from blood cultures of patients with sepsis and endocarditis with colonizing isolates obtained from healthy donors’ stool samples. Methods: A case-by-case assessment was conducted on invasive infection cases to determine whether enterococci were involved in their pathogenesis. They were tested for the presence of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis on agars supplemented with human and sheep blood, and biofilm forming capacity. Results: Three species of enterococci were identified among invasive isolates: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans. All endocarditis isolates were biofilm producers. Genes esp, gelE, asa1, ace, hyl, cylB, and cylA were present in 7 (41.2%), 11 (64.7%), 11 (64.7%), 13 (76.5%), 0, 3 (17.6%), and 1 (5.9%) invasive isolate, but none of them could be linked to a particular infection (sepsis or endocarditis). Colonizing isolates proved to have had more virulence factor genes, but the differences were not statistically significant. Members of that group produced a greater amount of biofilm when the ace gene was absent ( p = 0.047). The production of β-hemolysis by noninvasive strains was detected more frequently when agar was supplemented with human blood ( p = 0.021). In general, the presence of either cyl gene on that specific agar was in direct connection with the production of β-hemolysis: cylA ( p = 0.047) or cylB ( p = 0.020). Conclusion: We have been unable to establish any correlation between invasive isolates and any virulence gene carriage and biofilm formation. β-hemolysis was produced significantly more often by colonizing strains when agar had been supplemented with human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovanović
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Velebit
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Tošić
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gina Maki
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sladjana Pavić
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital Užice, Užice, Serbia
| | - Snežana Jovanović
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rajica Stošović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Allergology and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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A'inurrofiqin M, Rahayu ES, Suroto DA, Utami T, Mayangsari Y. Safety assessment of the indigenous probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Kita-3 using Sprague-Dawley rats as a model. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:403-421. [PMID: 36694579 PMCID: PMC9834073 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum Kita-3 is a candidate probiotic from Halloumi cheese produced by Mazaraat Artisan Cheese, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study evaluated the safety of consuming a high dose of L. plantarum subsp. plantarum Kita-3 in Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days. Eighteen male rats were randomly divided into three groups, such as the control group, the skim milk group, and the probiotic group. Feed intake and body weight were monitored, and blood samples, organs (kidneys, spleen, and liver), and the colon were dissected. Organ weight, hematological parameters, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) concentrations, as well as intestinal morphology of the rats, were measured. Microbial analyses were carried out on the digesta, feces, blood, organs, and colon. The results showed that consumption of L. plantarum did not negatively affect general health, organ weight, hematological parameters, SGOT and SGPT activities, or intestinal morphology. The number of L. plantarum in the feces of rats increased significantly, indicating survival of the bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract. The bacteria in the blood, organs, and colon of all groups were identified using repetitive-polymerase chain reaction with the BOXA1R primers and further by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, which revealed that they were not identical to L. plantarum subsp. plantarum Kita-3. Thus, this strain did not translocate to the blood or organs of rats. Therefore, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum Kita-3 is likely to be safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh. A'inurrofiqin
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,University Center of Excellence for Research and Application on Integrated Probiotic Industry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,* Correspondence: ; Tel: +628122690013
| | - Dian Anggraini Suroto
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,University Center of Excellence for Research and Application on Integrated Probiotic Industry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tyas Utami
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,University Center of Excellence for Research and Application on Integrated Probiotic Industry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yunika Mayangsari
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Tumpa A, Štritof Z, Pintarić S. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. from urine of dogs and cats in northwestern Croatia. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:42-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shiadeh SMJ, Azimi L, Azimi T, Pourmohammad A, Goudarzi M, Chaboki BG, Hashemi A. Upregulation of efrAB efflux pump among Enterococcus faecalis ST480, ST847 in Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:187-192. [PMID: 32986605 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and especially multiresistance in Enterococci, is a serious public health issue especially in infections of immunocompromised patients. EfrAB is a heterodimeric multidrug ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that causes endogenous resistance to antimicrobials including fluoroquinolones in Enterococcus spp. The aim of this study was to seek the gene expression rate and role of efrAB efflux pump in ciprofloxacin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of multiresistant isolates. Phenotypic and genotyping identification of 80 E. faecalis isolates were performed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin (CIP) were measured with and without carbonylcyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) by broth microdilution. After DNA extraction and sequencing for detection of efrA and efrB genes, the efrAB efflux positive isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin and showed decrease of ciprofloxacin MIC range were identified. Isolates that exhibited decrease in ciprofloxacin MIC range from two to ten folds were assessed for biofilm formation and finally, the expression levels of efrB, efrA genes were measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). High rates of resistance to tetracycline and minocycline and low rates of resistance to the most antibiotics used in this study were detected. The results in this study indicated that the incidence of Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was 23.7% and all isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin revealed several degrees of overexpression in efrA and efrB genes. Our study found two ST480 and one ST847 in E. faecalis isolates. In conclusion, despite of low frequency of resistance to the most antibiotics and MDRs in our region, we found one ST480 isolate with resistance to eight antibiotics that also exists in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Azimi
- 2Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- 3Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pourmohammad
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Gholami Chaboki
- 4Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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van Gaalen RD, Altorf-van der Kuil W, Wegdam-Blans MCA, Aguilar Diaz JM, Beauchamp ME, Chaname Pinedo LE, de Greeff SC, Wallinga J. Determination of the time-dependent association between ciprofloxacin consumption and ciprofloxacin resistance using a weighted cumulative exposure model compared with standard models. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:2326-2333. [PMID: 32407492 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain comprehensive insight into the association of ciprofloxacin use at different times in the past with the current risk of detecting resistance. METHODS This retrospective nested case-control study of ciprofloxacin users used Dutch data from the PHARMO Database Network and one laboratory for the period 2003-14. Cases and controls were selected as patients with an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) indicating ciprofloxacin resistance or susceptibility, respectively. We performed univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses, defining time-dependent exposure using standard definitions (current ciprofloxacin use, used 0-30, 31-90, 91-180 and 181-360 days ago) and a flexible weighted cumulative effect (WCE) model with four alternative time windows of past doses (0-30, 0-90, 0-180 and 0-360 days). RESULTS The study population consisted of 230 cases and 909 controls. Under the standard exposure definitions, the association of ciprofloxacin use with resistance decreased with time [current use: adjusted OR 6.8 (95% CI 3.6-12.4); used 181-360 days ago: 1.3 (0.8-1.9)]. Under the 90 day WCE model (best-fitting model), more recent doses were more strongly associated with resistance than past doses, as was longer or repeated treatment. The 180 day WCE model, which fitted the data equally well, suggested that doses taken 91-180 days ago were also significantly associated with resistance. CONCLUSIONS The estimates for the association between ciprofloxacin use at different times and resistance show that ciprofloxacin prescribers should consider ciprofloxacin use 0-180 days ago to ensure that patients receive suitable treatment. The OR of ciprofloxacin resistance could be reduced by eliminating repeated ciprofloxacin prescription within 180 days and by treating for no longer than necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolina D van Gaalen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wieke Altorf-van der Kuil
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jessica M Aguilar Diaz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Eve Beauchamp
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Linda E Chaname Pinedo
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C de Greeff
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco Wallinga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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A critical review of antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109571. [PMID: 32846610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit upon the host. At present, probiotics are gaining popularity worldwide and are widely used in food and medicine. Consumption of probiotics is increasing with further in-depth research on the relationship between intestinal flora and host health. Most people pay more attention to the function of probiotics but ignore their potential risks, such as infection and antibiotic resistance transfer to pathogenic microbes. Physiological functions, effects and mechanisms of action of probiotics were covered in this review, as well as the antibiotic resistance phenotypes, mechanisms and genes found in probiotics. Typical cases of antibiotic resistance of probiotics were also highlighted, as well as the potential risks (including pathogenicity, infectivity and excessive immune response) and corresponding strategies (dosage, formulation, and administration route). This timely study provides an avenue for further research, development and application of probiotics.
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Assessment of Nitrofurantoin as an Experimental Intracanal Medicament in Endodontics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2128473. [PMID: 32149086 PMCID: PMC7049449 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2128473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Multiple antibacterial agents have been mixed and used as an intracanal medicament-like modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of Materials and Methods. Three strains of EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (n = 90), group M (MTAP) (EF), which has been most frequently identified in the cases of failed root canal treatment and periapical lesions. This study is aimed at using a single antibacterial agent, nitrofurantoin (Nit), as an experimental intracanal medicament paste against different clinical isolates of
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Rectal Swabs for Detecting Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Prior to Transrectal Prostate Fusion Biopsy: A Prospective Evaluation of Risk Factor Screening and Microbiologic Findings. Urology 2019; 136:127-132. [PMID: 31705945 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant (QR) bacteria, multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in rectal swabs of patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy and for evaluating if risk factor assessment is reliable for prediction of QR bacteria, MDR bacteria, or E. faecalis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred consecutive patients received a rectal swab examination prior to transrectal magnetic resonance imaging-guided fusion biopsy, for evaluating the prevalence of QR bacteria, MDR bacteria, and E. faecalis. The results of a standardized risk factor questionnaire, assessing known prognosticators for higher prevalence of resistant bacteria in rectal flora were correlated with the occurrence of QR bacteria, MDR bacteria, and E. faecalis in rectal swabs. RESULTS QR E. coli was detected in 12 patients (6%). Regarding MDR bacteria, extended spectrum β- lactamase- producing E. coli occurred in 8 patients (4%). E. faecalis was found in 15 patients (7.5%). A total of 193 patients completed the risk factor questionnaire. Of those, 107 (53.2%) patients harbored no risk factors, while 86 (42.8%) had at least 1 risk factor, of which the most common was repeat biopsy. No association was found between any risk factor and occurrence of QR bacteria, MDR bacteria, or E. faecalis (P >.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of resistant germs in our cohort was lower compared to other series. Moreover, the rate of QR bacteria, MDR bacteria, or E. faecalis in rectal swabs was not reliably associated with risk factor assessment.
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Shiadeh SMJ, Hashemi A, Fallah F, Lak P, Azimi L, Rashidan M. First detection of efrAB, an ABC multidrug efflux pump in Enterococcus faecalis in Tehran, Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019; 66:57-68. [PMID: 30246548 DOI: 10.1556/030.65.2018.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most significant pathogen in both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Reduced susceptibility to antibiotics is in part due to efflux pumps. This study was conducted on 80 isolates of E. faecalis isolated from outpatients with urinary tract infection during a period of 1 year from April 2014 to April 2015. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method and presence of efrA and efrB genes was detected by PCR and sequencing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin (CIP) were measured with and without carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) by broth microdilution. The highest resistance rate was observed to erythromycin (83.3%) and the prevalence of efrA and efrB genes in all E. faecalis isolates was 100%. This study showed that 9 out of 13 (69.2%) ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates became less resistant at least fourfolds to CIP in the presence of efflux pump inhibitor. Our result showed that CCCP as an efflux inhibitor can increase effect of CIP as an efficient antibiotic and it is suggested that efrAB efflux pumps are involved in resistance to fluoroquinolone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Hashemi
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 2 Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Lak
- 3 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leila Azimi
- 2 Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Rashidan
- 4 School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Kim YB, Seo HJ, Seo KW, Jeon HY, Kim DK, Kim SW, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Characteristics of High-Level Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Retail Chicken Meat in Korea. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1357-1363. [PMID: 30015506 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding ciprofloxacin resistance in enterococci in animals may be transferred to bacteria in the animal gut and to zoonotic bacteria where they could pose a human health hazard. The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance in high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant (HLCR) Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from retail chicken meat. A total of 345 enterococci (335 E. faecalis and 10 E. faecium) were isolated from 200 chicken meat samples. Of these, 85 E. faecalis isolates and 1 E. faecium isolate were confirmed as HLCR enterococci. All 86 HLCR enterococci displayed gyrA- parC point mutations consisting of S83I-S80I (94.2%, 81 isolates), S83F-S80I (2.3%, 2 isolates), S83Y-S80I (2.3%, 2 isolates), and S83Y-S80F (1.2%, 1 isolate). Sixty-one (72.9%) of the 86 HLCR enterococci showed multidrug resistance to three to six classes of antimicrobial agents. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that E. faecalis had 17 different sequence types (ST) and E. faecium had 1 different ST, with ST256 observed most often (44 isolates, 51.8%). Although these results cannot exclude the possibility that pathotypes of enterococci isolated from chicken might represent transmission to or from humans, the foodborne HLCR E. faecalis indicated that the food chain is a potential route of enterococcal infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Bin Kim
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]); and
| | - Hyun Joo Seo
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]); and
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]); and
| | - Hye Young Jeon
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]); and
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]); and
| | - Shin Woo Kim
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]); and
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- 2 Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-0931 [Y.B.K.]); and
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Kim MC, Woo GJ. Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and quinolone resistance factors in high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates obtained from fresh produce and fecal samples of patients. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2858-2864. [PMID: 27790716 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant enterococci is worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance was characterized and the effect of quinolone-resistance factors was analyzed in high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant (HLCR) Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from fresh produce and fecal samples of patients. RESULTS Among the 81 ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, 46 showed high levels of ciprofloxacin resistance, resistance to other quinolone antibiotics, and multidrug resistance profiles. The virulence factors esp and hyl were identified in 27 (58.7%) and 25 (54.3%) of isolates, respectively. Sequence type analysis showed that 35 strains of HLCR E. faecium were clonal complex 17. Eleven strains of HLCR E. faecalis were confirmed as sequence type (ST) 28, ST 64 and ST 125. Quinolone resistance-determining region mutation was identified in HLCR Enterococcus isolates; with serine being changed in gyrA83, gyrA87 and parC80. This result shows that gyrA and parC mutations could be important factors for high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSION No significant differences were observed in antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic characteristics among the isolates from fresh produce and fecal samples. Therefore, good agricultural practices in farming and continuous monitoring of patients, food and the environment for Enterococcus spp. should be performed to prevent antimicrobial resistance and enable reduction of resistance rates. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jo Woo
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Abdelkareem MZ, Sayed M, Hassuna NA, Mahmoud MS, Abdelwahab SF. Multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis among Egyptian patients with urinary tract infection. J Chemother 2017; 29:74-82. [PMID: 27351108 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1182358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) infections among Egyptians with urinary tract infection (UTI), their antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance are under investigated. In this study, 300 urine samples were collected from UTI patients to identify E. faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents was tested. The presence of aac(6)-Ie-aph(2)Ia, erm(B) and mef(A/E) genes was examined by PCR. Fifty-seven (19%) isolates were identified as E. faecalis. All isolates were sensitive to teicoplanin and were completely resistant to nalidixic acid, cefotaxime and cefadroxil. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) was found to be 100% with 45 different antibiotypes. The aac(6)Ia-aph(2)Ia gene was found in 100 and 90% of the isolates resistant to gentamicin at concentrations of 120 and 10 μg, respectively. erm(B) and mef(A/E) genes were present in 92.5% (37/40) and 2.5% (1/40) of erythromycin-resistant isolates, respectively. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of E. faecalis in UTI cases with a 100% MDR rate indicating a serious problem in treating infections by this organism in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Z Abdelkareem
- a Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Department , Minia University , Minia , Egypt
- b Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Department , Al-Azhar University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sayed
- a Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Department , Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Noha A Hassuna
- a Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Department , Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Mahmoud
- a Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Department , Minia University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- a Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Department , Minia University , Minia , Egypt
- c Department of Microbiology , College of Pharmacy, Taif University , Taif , Saudi Arabia
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Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Enterococcus faecalis Isolated From Fecal and Urine Samples of Patients With Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.36262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Public Health Risks of Multiple-Drug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Southeast Asia. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6090-7. [PMID: 26150452 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01741-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci rank as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract infections, surgical wound infections, and endocarditis, in humans. These infections can be hard to treat because of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance. Enterococci inhabiting nonhuman reservoirs appear to play a critical role in the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants. The spread of antibiotic resistance has become a major concern in both human and veterinary medicine, especially in Southeast Asia, where many developing countries have poor legislation and regulations to control the supply and excessive use of antimicrobials. This review addresses the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries and proposes infection control measures that should be applied to limit the spread of multiple-drug-resistant enterococci.
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Leite-Martins L, Mahú MI, Costa AL, Bessa LJ, Vaz-Pires P, Loureiro L, Niza-Ribeiro J, de Matos AJF, Martins da Costa P. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in faecal enterococci from vet-visiting pets and assessment of risk factors. Vet Rec 2015; 176:674. [PMID: 26078332 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) exhibited by enterococci isolated from faeces of pets and its underlying risk factors. From September 2009 to May 2012, rectal swabs were collected from 74 dogs and 17 cats, selected from the population of animals visiting the Veterinary Hospital of University of Porto, UPVet, through a systematic random procedure. Animal owners answered a questionnaire about the risk factors that could influence the presence of AMR in faecal enterococci. Enterococci isolation, identification and antimicrobial (AM) susceptibility testing were performed. Data analyses of multilevel, univariable and multivariable generalised linear mixed models were conducted. From all enterococci isolated (n=315), 61 per cent were considered multidrug-resistant, whereas only 9.2 per cent were susceptible to all AMs tested. Highest resistance was found to tetracycline (67.0 per cent), rifampicin (60.3 per cent), azithromycin (58.4 per cent), quinupristin/dalfopristin (54.0 per cent) and erythromycin (53.0 per cent). Previous fluoroquinolone treatments and coprophagic habits were the features more consistently associated with the presence of AMR for three (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin) and seven (tetracycline, rifampicin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and azithromycin), respectively, out of nine AMs assessed. Evaluating risk factors that determine the presence of drug-resistant bacteria in pets, a possible source of resistance determinants to human beings, is crucial for the selection of appropriate treatment guidelines by veterinary practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Leite-Martins
- Department of Veterinary Clinics - UPVet, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Department of Aquatic Production, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M I Mahú
- Department of Aquatic Production, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Gulbenkian Science Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A L Costa
- Department of Aquatic Production, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L J Bessa
- Department of Aquatic Production, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Vaz-Pires
- Department of Aquatic Production, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Loureiro
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - J Niza-Ribeiro
- Department of Population Studies, ICBAS, and Institute of Public Health (ISPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A J F de Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics - UPVet, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Animal Science and Study Centre/Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Martins da Costa
- Department of Aquatic Production, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Infection dynamics of vancomycin and inducible clindamycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis in an Indian teaching hospital. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Carasi P, Jacquot C, Romanin DE, Elie AM, De Antoni GL, Urdaci MC, Serradell MDLA. Safety and potential beneficial properties of Enterococcus strains isolated from kefir. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Soares RO, Fedi AC, Reiter KC, Caierão J, d'Azevedo PA. Correlation between biofilm formation and gelE, esp, and agg genes in Enterococcus spp. clinical isolates. Virulence 2014; 5:634-7. [PMID: 24782231 DOI: 10.4161/viru.28998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Soares
- Federal University of Science Health of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Fedi
- Federal University of Science Health of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Keli C Reiter
- Federal University of Science Health of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Juliana Caierão
- Federal University of Science Health of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Pedro A d'Azevedo
- Federal University of Science Health of Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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