1
|
Yi S, Chen F, Qin Z, Yi S, Huang L, Huang L, Feng Y, Wei H, Yang Q, Zhang Q, Luo J. Novel Synonymous and Frameshift Variants in the TRIP12 Gene Identified in 2 Chinese Patients With Intellectual Disability. NEUROLOGY GENETICS 2022; 8:e200025. [PMID: 36275919 PMCID: PMC9585485 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Clark-Baraitser syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability with or without autism spectrum disorders, speech delay, motor delay, behavioral abnormalities, and facial dysmorphism. It is caused by a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the thyroid hormone receptor interactor 12 (TRIP12) gene. However, loss of function and haploinsufficiency are the pathogenic mechanisms behind the TRIP12-related disorder. Methods We conducted an exome sequencing analysis for 2 unrelated patients with moderate intellectual disability, speech delay, and motor delay. Results We identified 2 de novo TRIP12 mutations in these 2 patients. One patient had a frameshift duplication, whereas the other had a synonymous variant. Both patients presented with common features of the syndrome, but clinical heterogeneity has been also observed between them. For the synonymous variant, reverse transcription PCR in RNA extracted from leukocytes demonstrated the presence of a truncated messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript that skipped exon 12. This transcript escapes degradation at the mRNA level. To assess the effect of the synonymous substitute on TRIP12 proteolytic activity, the expression of 9 known responsive genes at the mRNA level was measured, of which 3 genes were upregulated at least 2-fold in the patient. Discussion We reported 2 patients with Clark-Baraitser syndrome caused by novel synonymous and frameshift variants in the TRIP12 gene, and our study expands the mutation spectrum of the TRIP12 gene. This study will help to improve our understanding of variable phenotypic presentations in TRIP12-related disorders.
Collapse
|
2
|
Miller LC, Fleming DS, Lager KM. Comparison of the Transcriptome Response within the Swine Tracheobronchial Lymphnode Following Infection with PRRSV, PCV-2 or IAV-S. Pathogens 2020; 9:E99. [PMID: 32033425 PMCID: PMC7168592 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major respiratory pathogen of swine that has become extremely costly to the swine industry worldwide, often causing losses in production and animal life due to their ease of spread. However, the intracellular changes that occur in pigs following viral respiratory infections are still scantily understood for PRRSV, as well as other viral respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to acquire a better understanding of the PRRS disease by comparing gene expression changes that occur in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) of pigs infected with either porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), or swine influenza A virus (IAV-S) infections. The study identified and compared gene expression changes in the TBLN of 80 pigs following infection by PRRSV, PCV-2, IAV-S, or sham inoculation. Total RNA was pooled for each group and time-point (1, 3, 6, and 14 dpi) to make 16 libraries-analyses are by Digital Gene Expression Tag Profiling (DGETP). The data underwent standard filtering to generate a list of sequence tag raw counts that were then analyzed using multidimensional and differential expression statistical tests. The results showed that PRRSV, IAV-S and PCV-2 viral infections followed a clinical course in the pigs typical of experimental infection of young pigs with these viruses. Gene expression results echoed this course, as well as uncovered genes related to intersecting and unique host immune responses to the three viruses. By testing and observing the host response to other respiratory viruses, our study has elucidated similarities and differences that can assist in the development of vaccines and therapeutics that shorten or prevent a chronic PRRSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Miller
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50161, USA; (D.S.F.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Damarius S. Fleming
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50161, USA; (D.S.F.); (K.M.L.)
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities/Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oakridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Kelly M. Lager
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50161, USA; (D.S.F.); (K.M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Guo R, Qiao Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Liu Y, Gu Y, Liu C, Hou J. An inactivated gE-deleted pseudorabies vaccine provides complete clinical protection and reduces virus shedding against challenge by a Chinese pseudorabies variant. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:277. [PMID: 27923365 PMCID: PMC5142131 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the end of 2011 an outbreak of pseudorabies affected Chinese pig herds that had been vaccinated with the commercial vaccine made of Bartha K61 strain. It is now clear that the outbreak was caused by an emergent PRV variant. Even though vaccines made of PRV Bartha K61 strain can confer certain cross protection against PRV variants based on experimental data, less than optimal clinical protection and virus shedding reduction were observed, making the control or eradication of this disease difficult. Results An infectious clone of PRV AH02LA strain was constructed to generate a gE deletion mutant PRV(LA-AB) strain. PRV(LA-AB) strain can reach a titer of 108.43 TCID50 /mL (50% tissue culture infectious dose) on BHK-21 cells. To evaluate the efficiency of the inactivated vaccine made of PRV(LA-AB) strain, thirty 3-week-old PRV-negative piglets were divided randomly into six groups for vaccination and challenge test. All five piglets in the challenge control showed typical clinical symptoms of pseudorabies post challenge. Sneezing and nasal discharge were observed in four and three piglets in groups C(vaccinated with inactivated PRV Bartha K61 strain vaccine) and D(vaccinated with live PRV Bartha K61 strain vaccine) respectively. In contrast, piglets in both groups A(vaccinated with inactivated PRV LA-AB strain vaccine) and B(vaccinated with inactivated PRV LA-AB strain vaccine with adjuvant) presented mild or no clinical symptoms. Moreover, viral titers detected via nasal swabs were approximately 100 times lower in group B than in the challenge control, and the duration of virus shedding (3–4 days) was shorter than in either the challenge control (5–10 days) or groups C and D (5–6 days). Conclusions The infectious clone constructed in this study harbors the whole genome of the PRV variant AH02LA strain. The gE deletion mutant PRV(LA-AB)strain generated from PRV AH02LA strain can reach a high titer on BHK-21 cells. An inactivated vaccine of PRV LA-AB provides clinical protection and significantly reduces virus shedding post challenge, especially if accompanied by the adjuvant CVC1302. While Inactivated or live vaccines made of PRV Barth K61 strain can provide only partial protection in this test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Wang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Qiao
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Gu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jibo Hou
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals/Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fleming DS, Miller LC. Leading edge analysis of transcriptomic changes during pseudorabies virus infection. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 10:104-106. [PMID: 27766207 PMCID: PMC5066188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eight RNA samples taken from the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) of pigs that were either infected or non-infected with a feral isolate of porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) were used to investigate changes in gene expression related to the pathogen. The RNA was processed into fastq files for each library prior to being analyzed using Illumina Digital Gene Expression Tag Profiling sequences (DGETP) which were used as the downstream measure of differential expression. Analyzed tags consisted of 21 base pair sequences taken from time points 1, 3, 6, and 14 days' post infection (dpi) that generated 1,927,547 unique tag sequences. Tag sequences were analyzed for differential transcript expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to uncover transcriptomic changes related to PRV pathology progression. In conjunction with the DGETP and GSEA, the study also incorporated use of leading edge analysis to help link the TBLN transcriptome data to clinical progression of PRV at each of the sampled time points. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide useful background on applying the leading edge analysis to GSEA and expression data to help identify genes considered to be of high biological interest. The data in the form of fastq files has been uploaded to the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE74473) database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damarius S Fleming
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Laura C Miller
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|