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Endo S, Yoshino Y, Shirota M, Watanabe G, Chiba N. BRCA1/ATF1-Mediated Transactivation is Involved in Resistance to PARP Inhibitors and Cisplatin. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:90-105. [PMID: 36860287 PMCID: PMC9973406 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors through a synthetic lethal effect. We previously developed an HR activity assay named Assay of Site-Specific HR Activity (ASHRA). Here, we evaluated the HR activity of 30 missense variants of BRCA1 by ASHRA and found that several BRCA1 variants showed intermediate HR activity, which was not clearly discerned by our previous analyses using a conventional method. HR activity measured by ASHRA was significantly correlated with sensitivity to olaparib. However, cells expressing the severely HR-deficient BRCA1-C61G variant were resistant to olaparib, and resistance was dependent on high expression of activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1), which binds to BRCA1 and activates the transcription of target genes to regulate cell proliferation. The BRCA1-C61G variant bound to ATF1 and stimulated ATF1-mediated transactivation similar to wild-type BRCA1. High expression of ATF1 conferred resistance to olaparib and cisplatin activating BRCA1/ATF1-mediated transcription without affecting HR activity in BRCA2-knockdown or RAD51-knockdown cells, but not in BRCA1-knockdown cells. These results suggest that ASHRA is a useful method to evaluate HR activity in cells and to predict the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The expression level of ATF1 might be an important biomarker of the effect of PARP inhibitors and platinum agents on HR-deficient tumors with the BRCA1-C61G variant or alteration of non-BRCA1 HR factors such as BRCA2 and RAD51. Significance ASHRA could evaluate HR activity in cells and predict the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. High expression level of ATF1 may predict the resistance of BRCAness tumors with alterations of non-BRCA1 HR factors to PARP inhibitors and platinum agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Endo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Aging, Development, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Aging, Development, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gou Watanabe
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Aging, Development, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Mylavarapu S, Das A, Roy M. Role of BRCA Mutations in the Modulation of Response to Platinum Therapy. Front Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29459887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00016] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen cancer emerge as one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide with breast cancer being the second most common cause of death among women. Individuals harboring BRCA mutations are at a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancers. This risk is much greater in the presence of germline mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play crucial role in the DNA damage response and repair pathway, a function that is critical in preserving the integrity of the genome. Mutations that interfere with normal cellular function of BRCA not only lead to onset and progression of cancer but also modulate therapy outcome of treatment with platinum drugs. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional impact of some of the prevalent BRCA mutations in breast and ovarian cancers and their role in platinum therapy response. Understanding the response of platinum drugs in the context of BRCA mutations may contribute toward developing better therapeutics that can improve survival and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Mylavarapu
- Invictus Oncology Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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3
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Mylavarapu S, Das A, Roy M. Role of BRCA Mutations in the Modulation of Response to Platinum Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:16. [PMID: 29459887 PMCID: PMC5807680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen cancer emerge as one of the leading cause of mortality worldwide with breast cancer being the second most common cause of death among women. Individuals harboring BRCA mutations are at a higher risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancers. This risk is much greater in the presence of germline mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play crucial role in the DNA damage response and repair pathway, a function that is critical in preserving the integrity of the genome. Mutations that interfere with normal cellular function of BRCA not only lead to onset and progression of cancer but also modulate therapy outcome of treatment with platinum drugs. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional impact of some of the prevalent BRCA mutations in breast and ovarian cancers and their role in platinum therapy response. Understanding the response of platinum drugs in the context of BRCA mutations may contribute toward developing better therapeutics that can improve survival and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Mylavarapu
- Invictus Oncology Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Cochran RL, Cidado J, Kim M, Zabransky DJ, Croessmann S, Chu D, Wong HY, Beaver JA, Cravero K, Erlanger B, Parsons H, Heaphy CM, Meeker AK, Lauring J, Park BH. Functional isogenic modeling of BRCA1 alleles reveals distinct carrier phenotypes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25240-51. [PMID: 26246475 PMCID: PMC4694828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical genetic testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 is commonly performed to identify specific individuals at risk for breast and ovarian cancers who may benefit from prophylactic therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, it is evident that deleterious BRCA1 alleles demonstrate variable penetrance and that many BRCA1 variants of unknown significance (VUS) exist. In order to further refine hereditary risks that may be associated with specific BRCA1 alleles, we performed gene targeting to establish an isogenic panel of immortalized human breast epithelial cells harboring eight clinically relevant BRCA1 alleles. Interestingly, BRCA1 mutations and VUS had distinct, quantifiable phenotypes relative to isogenic parental BRCA1 wild type cells and controls. Heterozygous cells with known deleterious BRCA1 mutations (185delAG, C61G and R71G) demonstrated consistent phenotypes in radiation sensitivity and genomic instability assays, but showed variability in other assays. Heterozygous BRCA1 VUS cells also demonstrated assay variability, with some VUS demonstrating phenotypes more consistent with deleterious alleles. Taken together, our data suggest that BRCA1 deleterious mutations and VUS can differ in their range of tested phenotypes, suggesting they might impart varying degrees of risk. These results demonstrate that functional isogenic modeling of BRCA1 alleles could aid in classifying BRCA1 mutations and VUS, and determining BRCA allele cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory L Cochran
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Minsoo Kim
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel J Zabransky
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Chu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Yuen Wong
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia A Beaver
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Cravero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bracha Erlanger
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather Parsons
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan K Meeker
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josh Lauring
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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The effectiveness of cucurbitacin B in BRCA1 defective breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55732. [PMID: 23393598 PMCID: PMC3564916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is one of the potential agents for long term anticancer chemoprevention. Cumulative evidences has shown that cucurbitacin B provides potent cellular biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, but the precise mechanism of this agent is not clearly understood. We examine the biological effects on cancer cells of cucurbitacin B extracted from a Thai herb, Trichosanthes cucumerina L. The wild type (wt) BRCA1, mutant BRCA1, BRCA1 knocked-down and BRCA1 overexpressed breast cancer cells were treated with the cucurbitacin B and determined for the inhibitory effects on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth. The gene expressions in the treated cells were analyzed for p21/Waf1, p27Kip1 and survivin. Our previous study revealed that loss of BRCA1 expression leads to an increase in survivin expression, which is responsible for a reduction in sensitivity to paclitaxel. In this work, we showed that cucurbitacin B obviously inhibited knocked-down and mutant BRCA1 breast cancer cells rather than the wild type BRCA1 breast cancer cells in regards to the cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, forcing the cells to overexpress wild type BRCA1 significantly reduced effectiveness of cucurbitacin B on growth inhibition of the endogenous mutant BRCA1 cells. Interestingly, cucurbitacin B promotes the expression of p21/Waf1 and p27Kip1 but inhibit the expression of survivin. We suggest that survivin could be an important target of cucurbitacin B in BRCA1 defective breast cancer cells.
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