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Gaffar NA, Zahid M, Asghar A, Shafiq MF, Jelani S, Rehan F. Biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles: A new era in cancer therapy. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300712. [PMID: 38653735 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a global health crisis, claiming countless lives throughout the years. Traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation often bring about severe side effects, underscoring the pressing need for innovative, more efficient, and less toxic therapies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising technology capable of producing environmentally friendly anticancer nanoparticles. Among various nanoparticle types, metal-based nanoparticles stand out due to their exceptional performance and ease of use in methods of imaging. The widespread accessibility of biological precursors for synthesis based on plants of metal nanoparticles has made large-scale, eco-friendly production feasible. This evaluation provides a summary of the green strategy for synthesizing metal-based nanoparticles and explores their applications. Moreover, this review delves into the potential of phyto-based metal nanoparticles in combating cancer, shedding light on their probable mechanisms of action. These insights are invaluable for enhancing both biomedical and environmental applications. The study also touches on the numerous potential applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine. Consequently, this research offers a concise and well-structured summary of nanotechnology, which should prove beneficial to researchers, engineers, and scientists embarking on future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Abdul Gaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mavia Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Akleem Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Seemal Jelani
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah Rehan
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Kokot A, Gadakh S, Saha I, Gajda E, Łaźniewski M, Rakshit S, Sengupta K, Mollah AF, Denkiewicz M, Górczak K, Claesen J, Burzykowski T, Plewczynski D. Unveiling the Molecular Mechanism of Trastuzumab Resistance in SKBR3 and BT474 Cell Lines for HER2 Positive Breast Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2713-2740. [PMID: 38534787 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer among women worldwide. Generally, the molecular characteristics of this breast cancer include activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and hormone receptor activation. HER2-positive is associated with a higher death rate, which led to the development of a monoclonal antibody called trastuzumab, specifically targeting HER2. The success rate of HER2-positive breast cancer treatment has been increased; however, drug resistance remains a challenge. This fact motivated us to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance. For this purpose, a two-fold approach was taken by considering well-known breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 and BT474. In the first fold, trastuzumab treatment doses were optimized separately for both cell lines. This was done based on the proliferation rate of cells in response to a wide variety of medication dosages. Thereafter, each cell line was cultivated with a steady dosage of herceptin for several months. During this period, six time points were selected for further in vitro analysis, ranging from the untreated cell line at the beginning to a fully resistant cell line at the end of the experiment. In the second fold, nucleic acids were extracted for further high throughput-based microarray experiments of gene and microRNA expression. Such expression data were further analyzed in order to infer the molecular mechanisms involved in the underlying development of trastuzumab resistance. In the list of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs, multiple genes (e.g., BIRC5, E2F1, TFRC, and USP1) and miRNAs (e.g., hsa miR 574 3p, hsa miR 4530, and hsa miR 197 3p) responsible for trastuzumab resistance were found. Downstream analysis showed that TFRC, E2F1, and USP1 were also targeted by hsa-miR-8485. Moreover, it indicated that miR-4701-5p was highly expressed as compared to TFRC in the SKBR3 cell line. These results unveil key genes and miRNAs as molecular regulators for trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kokot
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sachin Gadakh
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Indrajit Saha
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Łaźniewski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Somnath Rakshit
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kaustav Sengupta
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Michał Denkiewicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górczak
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Burzykowski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
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Dehghani M, Mokhtari S, Abidi H, Alipoor B, Nazer Mozaffari MA, Sadeghi H, Mahmoudi R, Nikseresht M. Multi-Drug Resistance against Second-Line Medication and MicroRNA Plasma Level in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:146-155. [PMID: 36895459 PMCID: PMC9989244 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2022.92604.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can help to predict the chemotherapy response in breast cancer with promising results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the miR-199a, miR-663a, and miR-663b expression and chemotherapy response in metastatic breast cancer patients. Methods This study is a case-control study performed at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (2018-2021). The expression levels of miR-663a, miR-663b, and miR-199a in the serum of 25 patients with metastatic breast cancer versus 15 healthy individuals were determined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The response to treatment was followed up in a 24-month period. All patients were treated with second-line medications. Two or more combinations of these drugs were used: gemcitabine, Navelbine®, Diphereline®, Xeloda®, letrozole, Aromasin®, and Zolena®. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 21.0 and GraphPad Prism 6 software. The expression levels were presented as mean±SD and analyzed by Student's t test. Results The results and clinicopathological features of patients were analyzed by t test. The statistical analysis showed that miR-663a expression was related to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and was significantly lower in the HER2+ than HER2- group (P=0.027). Moreover, the expression of miR-199a and miR-663b was significantly correlated with the response to treatment, in which the expression of miR-199a was higher in the poor-response group (P=0.049), while the higher expression of miR-663b was seen in the good-response group (P=0.009). Conclusion These findings state that the high plasma level of miR-199a and the low plasma level of miR-663b may be related to chemoresistance in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Mokhtari
- Students Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Abidi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Behnam Alipoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikseresht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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van Santen VJB, Zandieh Doulabi B, Semeins CM, Hogervorst JMA, Bratengeier C, Bakker AD. Compressed Prostate Cancer Cells Decrease Osteoclast Activity While Enhancing Osteoblast Activity In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010759. [PMID: 36614201 PMCID: PMC9821660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Once prostate cancer cells metastasize to bone, they perceive approximately 2 kPa compression. We hypothesize that 2 kPa compression stimulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostate cancer cells and alters their production of paracrine signals to affect osteoclast and osteoblast behavior. Human DU145 prostate cancer cells were subjected to 2 kPa compression for 2 days. Compression decreased expression of 2 epithelial genes, 5 out of 13 mesenchymal genes, and increased 2 mesenchymal genes by DU145 cells, as quantified by qPCR. Conditioned medium (CM) of DU145 cells was added to human monocytes that were stimulated to differentiate into osteoclasts for 21 days. CM from compressed DU145 cells decreased osteoclast resorptive activity by 38% but did not affect osteoclast size and number compared to CM from non-compressed cells. CM was also added to human adipose stromal cells, grown in osteogenic medium. CM of compressed DU145 cells increased bone nodule production (Alizarin Red) by osteoblasts from four out of six donors. Compression did not affect IL6 or TNF-α production by PC DU145 cells. Our data suggest that compression affects EMT-related gene expression in DU145 cells, and alters their production of paracrine signals to decrease osteoclast resorptive activity while increasing mineralization by osteoblasts is donor dependent. This observation gives further insight in the altered behavior of PC cells upon mechanical stimuli, which could provide novel leads for therapies, preventing bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. B. van Santen
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behrouz Zandieh Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M. Semeins
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. A. Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Bratengeier
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Astrid D. Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)20-5980224
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Chen X, Feng J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Zeng P, Wen L, Wang X, Zhang Y. MYBL2 alternative splicing-related genetic variants reduce the risk of triple-negative breast cancer in the Chinese population. Front Genet 2023; 14:1150976. [PMID: 37144133 PMCID: PMC10151490 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1150976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer, and studies have found an association between the Myb proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) gene and TNBC development; however, the specific mechanisms underlying development remain unknown. Recent studies have reported the association of alternative splicing (AS) with cancer, providing new approaches to elucidate the carcinogenesis mechanism. This study aimed to identify MYBL2 AS-related genetic variants that influence the risk of developing TNBC, providing new ideas for probing the mechanism of TNBC and novel biomarkers for TNBC prevention. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 217 patients with TNBC and 401 cancer-free controls. The CancerSplicingQTL database and HSF software were used to screen for MYBL2 AS-related genetic variants. The association of sample genotypes with the risk of TNBC development and with clinicopathological features was analysed via unconditional logistic regression. Combining multiple platforms, the candidate sites were subjected to biological function analysis. Results: Two AS-associated SNPs, rs285170 and rs405660, were identified using bioinformatics analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that both rs285170 (OR = 0.541; 95% CI = 0.343-0.852; p = 0.008) and rs405660 (OR = 0.642; 95% CI = 0.469-0.879; p = 0.006) exhibited protective effects against TNBC under the additive model. Stratification analysis showed that these two SNPs had more significant protective effects in the Chinese population aged ≧50 years. Additionally, we found that rs405660 was associated with the risk of lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.396, 95% CI = 0.209-0.750, p = 0.005) in TNBC. Functional analysis revealed that both rs285170 and rs405660 are associated with splicing of exon 3 and that the exon 3-deleted spliceosome does not increase breast cancer risk. Conclusion: We found for the first time that MYBL2 AS-related genetic variants are associated with reduced TNBC susceptibility in the Chinese population, especially in women aged ≧50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jin Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Pu Zeng
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Langbo Wen
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Yi Zhang,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Yi Zhang,
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Lee JH, Lee SB, Kim H, Shin JM, Yoon M, An HS, Han JW. Anticancer Activity of Mannose-Specific Lectin, BPL2, from Marine Green Alga Bryopsis plumosa. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120776. [PMID: 36547923 PMCID: PMC9788543 DOI: 10.3390/md20120776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein that recognizes specific cells by binding to cell-surface polysaccharides. Tumor cells generally show various glycosylation patterns, making them distinguishable from non-cancerous cells. Consequently, lectin has been suggested as a good anticancer agent. Herein, the anticancer activity of Bryopsis plumosa lectins (BPL1, BPL2, and BPL3) was screened and tested against lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460, and H1299). BPL2 showed high anticancer activity compared to BPL1 and BPL3. Cell viability was dependent on BPL2 concentration and incubation time. The IC50 value for lung cancer cells was 50 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation in BPL2 containing medium; however, BPL2 (50 μg/mL) showed weak toxicity in non-cancerous cells (MRC5). BPL2 affected cancer cell growth while non-cancerous cells were less affected. Further, BPL2 (20 μg/mL) inhibited cancer cell invasion and migration (rates were ˂20%). BPL2 induced the downregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes (Zeb1, vimentin, and Twist). Co-treatment with BPL2 and gefitinib (10 μg/mL and 10 μM, respectively) showed a synergistic effect compared with monotherapy. BPL2 or gefitinib monotherapy resulted in approximately 90% and 70% cell viability, respectively, with concomitant treatment showing 40% cell viability. Overall, BPL2 can be considered a good candidate for development into an anticancer agent.
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Todorova VK, Byrum SD, Gies AJ, Haynie C, Smith H, Reyna NS, Makhoul I. Circulating Exosomal microRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:613-630. [PMID: 35200555 PMCID: PMC8870357 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an increasingly used approach for treatment of breast cancer. The pathological complete response (pCR) is considered a good predictor of disease-specific survival. This study investigated whether circulating exosomal microRNAs could predict pCR in breast cancer patients treated with NACT. Method: Plasma samples of 20 breast cancer patients treated with NACT were collected prior to and after the first cycle. RNA sequencing was used to determine microRNA profiling. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to explore the expression patterns and survivability of the candidate miRNAs, and their potential targets based on the expression levels and copy number variation (CNV) data. Results: Three miRNAs before that NACT (miR-30b, miR-328 and miR-423) predicted pCR in all of the analyzed samples. Upregulation of miR-127 correlated with pCR in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). After the first NACT dose, pCR was predicted by exo-miR-141, while miR-34a, exo-miR182, and exo-miR-183 predicted non-pCR. A significant correlation between the candidate miRNAs and the overall survival, subtype, and metastasis in breast cancer, suggesting their potential role as predictive biomarkers of pCR. Conclusions: If the miRNAs identified in this study are validated in a large cohort of patients, they might serve as predictive non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers for monitoring pCR to NACT in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K. Todorova
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Allen J. Gies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Cade Haynie
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (C.H.); (H.S.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Hunter Smith
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (C.H.); (H.S.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Nathan S. Reyna
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (C.H.); (H.S.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Sadeghi H, Kamal A, Ahmadi M, Najafi H, Sharifi Zarchi A, Haddad P, Shayestehpour B, Kamkar L, Salamati M, Geranpayeh L, Lashkari M, Totonchi M. A novel panel of blood-based microRNAs capable of discrimination between benign breast disease and breast cancer at early stages. RNA Biol 2021; 18:747-756. [PMID: 34793290 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1989218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) as a leading cause of cancer death among women, exhibits a wide range of genetic heterogeneity in affected individuals. Satisfactory management of BC depends on early diagnosis and proper monitoring of patients' response to therapy. In this study, we aimed to assess the relation between the expression patterns of blood-based microRNAs (miRNAs) with demographic characteristics of the patients with BC in an attempt to find novel diagnostic markers for BC with acceptable precision in clinical applications. To this end, we performed comprehensive statistical analysis of the data of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the blood miRNome dataset (GSE31309). As a result, 21 miRNAs were selected for experimental verification by quantitative RT-PCR on blood samples of 70 BC patients and 60 normal individuals (without any lesions or benign breast diseases). Statistical one-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in the blood levels of the selected miRNAs in BC patients compared to any lesions or benign breast diseases. However, the multi-marker panel consisting of hsa-miR-106b-5p, -126-3p, -140-3p, -193a-5p, and -10b-5p could detect early-stages of BC with 0.79 sensitivity, 0.86 specificity and 0.82 accuracy. Furthermore, this multi-marker panel showed the potential of detecting benign breast diseases from BC patients with 0.67 sensitivity, 0.80 specificity, and 0.74 accuracy. In conclusion, these data indicate that the present panel might be considered an asset in detecting benign breast disease and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Sadeghi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Acecr, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Kamal
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marzieh Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Acecr, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Najafi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Acecr, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi Zarchi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Haddad
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Iran Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shayestehpour
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Acecr, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Kamkar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Salamati
- Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Acecr, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loabat Geranpayeh
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lashkari
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Iran Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Acecr, Tehran, Iran
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Wang J, Wu Y, Uddin MN, Chen R, Hao JP. Identification of Potential Key Genes and Regulatory Markers in Essential Thrombocythemia Through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Clinical Validation. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:767-784. [PMID: 34267539 PMCID: PMC8275175 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s309166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a group of myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by abnormal proliferation of platelet and megakaryocytes. Research on potential key genes and novel regulatory markers in essential thrombocythemia (ET) is still limited. Methods Downloading array profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. GO, and REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis was used to predict the potential functions of DEGs. Besides, constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network through the STRING database, we validated the expression level of hub genes in an independent cohort of ET, and the transcription factors (TFs) were detected in the regulatory networks of TFs and DEGs. And the candidate drugs that are targeting hub genes were identified using the DGIdb database. Results We identified 63 overlap DEGs that included 21 common up-regulated and 42 common down-regulated genes from two datasets. Functional enrichment analysis shows that the DEGs are mainly enriched in the immune system and inflammatory processes. Through PPI network analysis, ACTB, PTPRC, ACTR2, FYB, STAT1, ETS1, IL7R, IKZF1, FGL2, and CTSS were selected as hub genes. Interestingly, we found that the dysregulated hub genes are also aberrantly expressed in a bone marrow cohort of ET. Moreover, we found that the expression of CTSS, FGL2, IKZF1, STAT1, FYB, ACTR2, PTPRC, and ACTB genes were significantly under-expressed in ET (P<0.05), which is consistent with our bioinformatics analysis. The ROC curve analysis also shows that these hub genes have good diagnostic value. Besides, we identified 4 TFs (SPI1, IRF4, SRF, and AR) as master transcriptional regulators that were associated with regulating the DEGs in ET. Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, fluorouracil, ruxolitinib, and lenalidomide were predicted as potential candidate drugs for the treatment of ET. Discussion These dysregulated genes and predicted key regulators had a significant relationship with the occurrence of ET with affecting the immune system and inflammation of the processes. Some of the immunomodulatory drugs have potential value by targeting ACTB, PTPRC, IL7R, and IKZF1 genes in the treatment of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.,Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Hao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
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Association between B- Myb proto-oncogene and the development of malignant tumors. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 33552284 PMCID: PMC7798104 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Myb is a critical transcription factor in regulating cell cycle. Dysregulated expression of B-Myb promotes tumor formation and development. B-Myb is a proto-oncogene ubiquitously expressed in proliferating cells, which maintains normal cell cycle progression. It participates in cell apoptosis, tumorigenesis and aging. In addition, B-Myb is overexpressed in several malignant tumors, including breast cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, and is associated with tumor development. B-Myb expression is also associated with the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. Both microRNAs and E2F family of transcription factors (E2Fs) contribute to the function of B-Myb. The present review highlights the association between B-Myb and malignant tumors, and offers a theoretical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.
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11
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The role of MYB proto-oncogene like 2 in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:21-30. [PMID: 33141360 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of tamoxifen in preventing disease relapse, a large portion of breast cancer patients show intrinsic or acquired resistance to tamoxifen, leading to treatment failure and unfavorable clinical outcome. MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) is a transcription factor implicated in the initiation and progression of various human cancers. However, its role in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer remained largely unknown. In the present study, by analyzing public transcriptome dataset, we found that MYBL2 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. By establishing tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines, we also provided evidence that MYBL2 overexpression contributes to tamoxifen resistance by up-regulating its downstream transcriptional effectors involved in cell proliferation (PLK1, PRC1), survival (BIRC5) and metastasis (HMMR). In contrast, inhibiting those genes via MYBL2 depletion suppresses cancer progression, restores tamoxifen and eventually reduces the risk of disease recurrence. All these findings revealed a critical role of MYBL2 in promoting tamoxifen resistance and exacerbating the progression of breast cancer, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance and improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
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12
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Rangel N, Rondon-Lagos M, Annaratone L, Aristizábal-Pachon AF, Cassoni P, Sapino A, Castellano I. AR/ER Ratio Correlates with Expression of Proliferation Markers and with Distinct Subset of Breast Tumors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041064. [PMID: 32344660 PMCID: PMC7226480 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-expression of androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors, in terms of higher AR/ER ratio, has been recently associated with poor outcome in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) patients. The aim of this study was to analyze if the biological aggressiveness, underlined in ER+ BC tumors with higher AR/ER ratio, could be due to higher expression of genes related to cell proliferation. On a cohort of 47 ER+ BC patients, the AR/ER ratio was assessed by immunohistochemistry and by mRNA analysis. The expression level of five gene proliferation markers was defined through TaqMan®-qPCR assays. Results were validated using 979 BC cases obtained from gene expression public databases. ER+ BC tumors with ratios of AR/ER ≥ 2 have higher expression levels of cellular proliferation genes than tumors with ratios of AR/ER < 2, in both the 47 ER+ BC patients (P < 0.001) and in the validation cohort (P = 0.005). Moreover, BC cases with ratios of AR/ER ≥ 2 of the validation cohort were mainly assigned to luminal B and HER2-enriched molecular subtypes, typically characterized by higher proliferation and poorer prognosis. These data suggest that joint routine evaluation of AR and ER expression may identify a unique subset of tumors, which show higher levels of cellular proliferation and therefore a more aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Rangel
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: or (N.R.); (I.C.); Tel.: +57-3185087624 (N.R.); +39-3298368290 (I.C.)
| | - Milena Rondon-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Isabella Castellano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: or (N.R.); (I.C.); Tel.: +57-3185087624 (N.R.); +39-3298368290 (I.C.)
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13
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Ren J, Crowley SD. Twist1: A Double-Edged Sword in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 6:247-257. [PMID: 32903940 DOI: 10.1159/000505188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix domain containing transcription factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and inflammatory responses by transcriptionally regulating a wide range of downstream target genes. Its homologous protein, Twist2, shares many structural and functional similarities with Twist1. Summary Accumulating evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggests that Twist1 is a pivotal regulator of several forms of renal disease. Twist1 is persistently activated following renal insults, particularly in chronic kidney diseases, and contributes to the renal inflammatory responses, tubular cell transformation programs, and possibly fibroblast activation, all of which are involved in the initiation and progression of kidney diseases. Key Message This review will specifically focus on Twist1 and outline our understanding of its functions in kidney disorders along with the introduction of Twist2 where pertinent. The thorough knowledge of Twist1's actions in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases should facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Abroodi Z, Sajedi N, Nikbakht M, Soleimani M. Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) May Act as Mediator in Apoptotic Induction of Grape Seed Extract (GSE). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3729-3734. [PMID: 31870115 PMCID: PMC7173385 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape seed extract is a complex mixture of polyphenols. Its anti-tumor effects have been reported by several studies. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are commonly considered as important markers for breast cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the apoptotic effects of GSE on MCF7 breast cancer cells and assessed the expression of ERβ during treatment of cells with GSE. MATERIAL AND METHODS The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GSE in MCF7 breast cancer cells were calculated by treating cells with serial dilution of GSE for 48 hours and cell viability evaluated using MTT assay. Then cells assigned to three groups: control (no treatment), DMSO (cells treated with 0.05% of DMSO) and GSE group (cells treated with of GSE for 48 hours). The apoptosis assay was performed by detecting Annexin V protein by flow cytometry. The gene expression of ERβ and caspase-3 was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Cells in GSE group treated with GSE IC50 concentration for 48 hours. Annexin V staining assay, represented early apoptosis detected by flow cytometry analysis showed significantly higher expression (p<0.01) than control and DMSO groups. Moreover, results of Real-Time PCR showed a significant expression in ERβ and caspase-3 genes in GSE group compared to control and DMSO groups (Fold change = 2.3 and 3.5, respectively). CONCLUSION GSE may induce apoptosis in MCF7 human breast cancer cells by activation of ERβ gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitra Soleimani
- Department of anatomical sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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15
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Daverey A, Levytskyy RM, Stanke KM, Viana MP, Swenson S, Hayward SL, Narasimhan M, Khalimonchuk O, Kidambi S. Depletion of mitochondrial protease OMA1 alters proliferative properties and promotes metastatic growth of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14746. [PMID: 31611601 PMCID: PMC6791882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic competence of cancer cells is influenced by many factors including metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and protein homeostasis. While it is generally accepted that mitochondria play important roles in tumorigenesis, the respective molecular events that regulate aberrant cancer cell proliferation remain to be clarified. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the role of mitochondria in cancer progression has potential implications in the development of new therapeutic strategies. We show that low expression of mitochondrial quality control protease OMA1 correlates with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. Silencing OMA1 in vitro in patient-derived metastatic breast cancer cells isolated from the metastatic pleural effusion and atypical ductal hyperplasia mammary tumor specimens (21MT-1 and 21PT) enhances the formation of filopodia, increases cell proliferation (Ki67 expression), and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, loss of OMA1 results in alterations in the mitochondrial protein homeostasis, as reflected by enhanced expression of canonic mitochondrial unfolded protein response genes. These changes significantly increase migratory properties in metastatic breast cancer cells, indicating that OMA1 plays a critical role in suppressing metastatic competence of breast tumors. Interestingly, these results were not observed in OMA1-depleted non-tumorigenic MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. This newly identified reduced activity/levels of OMA1 provides insights into the mechanisms leading to breast cancer development, promoting malignant progression of cancer cells and unfavorable clinical outcomes, which may represent possible prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Daverey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Roman M Levytskyy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Kimberly M Stanke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | | | - Samantha Swenson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Stephen L Hayward
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
| | - Srivatsan Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States.
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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16
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Drug repurposing for breast cancer therapy: Old weapon for new battle. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:8-20. [PMID: 31550502 PMCID: PMC7128772 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous resources being invested in prevention and treatment, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths in women globally. The available treatment modalities are very costly and produces severe side effects. Drug repurposing that relate to new uses for old drugs has emerged as a novel approach for drug development. Repositioning of old, clinically approved, off patent non-cancer drugs with known targets, into newer indication is like using old weapons for new battle. The advances in genomics, proteomics and information computational biology has facilitated the process of drug repurposing. Repositioning approach not only fastens the process of drug development but also offers more effective, cheaper, safer drugs with lesser/known side effects. During the last decade, drugs such as alkylating agents, anthracyclins, antimetabolite, CDK4/6 inhibitor, aromatase inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor and mitotic inhibitors has been repositioned for breast cancer treatment. The repositioned drugs have been successfully used for the treatment of most aggressive triple negative breast cancer. The literature review suggest that serendipity plays a major role in the drug development. This article describes the comprehensive overview of the current scenario of drug repurposing for the breast cancer treatment. The strategies as well as several examples of repurposed drugs are provided. The challenges associated with drug repurposing are discussed.
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17
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Maselli A, Parlato S, Puglisi R, Raggi C, Spada M, Macchia D, Pontecorvi G, Iessi E, Pagano MT, Cirulli F, Gabriele L, Carè A, Vici P, Pizzuti L, Barba M, Matarrese P, Pierdominici M, Ortona E. Autoantibodies Specific to ERα are Involved in Tamoxifen Resistance in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070750. [PMID: 31331091 PMCID: PMC6678306 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance is a major hurdle in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance are not fully understood although several underlying molecular events have been suggested. Recently, we identified autoantibodies reacting with membrane-associated ERα (anti-ERα Abs) in sera of breast cancer patients, able to promote tumor growth. Here, we investigated whether anti-ERα Abs purified from sera of ER-positive breast cancer patients could contribute to tamoxifen resistance. Anti-ERα Abs inhibited tamoxifen-mediated effects on cell cycle and proliferation in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, anti-ERα Abs hampered the tamoxifen-mediated reduction of tumor growth in SCID mice xenografted with breast tumor. Notably, simvastatin-mediated disaggregation of lipid rafts, where membrane-associated ERα is embedded, restored tamoxifen sensitivity, preventing anti-ERα Abs effects. In conclusion, detection of serum anti-ERα Abs may help predict tamoxifen resistance and concur to appropriately inform therapeutic decisions concerning hormone therapy in ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maselli
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Parlato
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- National Centre for the Control and the Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Pontecorvi
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pagano
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Pierdominici
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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18
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Cui Y, Song M, Kim SY. Prognostic significance of fatty acid binding protein-4 in the invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Pathol Int 2019; 69:68-75. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Cui
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The c-Myb gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways. The protein is frequently overexpressed in human leukemias, breast cancers, and other solid tumors suggesting that it is a bona fide oncogene. c-MYB is often overexpressed by translocation in human tumors with t(6;7)(q23;q34) resulting in c-MYB-TCRβ in T cell ALL, t(X;6)(p11;q23) with c-MYB-GATA1 in acute basophilic leukemia, and t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) with c-MYB-NF1B in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-MYB were developed to purge bone marrow cells to eliminate tumor cells in leukemias. Recently, small molecules that inhibit c-MYB activity have been developed to disrupt its interaction with p300. The Dmp1 (cyclin D binding myb-like protein 1; Dmtf1) gene was isolated through its virtue for binding to cyclin D2. It is a transcription factor that has a Myb-like repeat for DNA binding. The Dmtf1 protein directly binds to the Arf promoter for transactivation and physically interacts with p53 to activate the p53 pathway. The gene is hemizygously deleted in 35-42% of human cancers and is associated with longer survival. The significances of aberrant expression of c-MYB and DMTF1 proteins in human cancers and their clinical significances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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20
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Tumor suppression by the EGR1, DMP1, ARF, p53, and PTEN Network. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:520-536. [PMID: 30396285 PMCID: PMC6500763 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1533965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that EGR1 is a direct regulator of tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, and p53. The Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway through transactivation of the Arf promoter and physical interaction of p53. The Dmp1 promoter has binding sites for Egr proteins, and Egr1 is a target for Dmp1. Crosstalks between p53 and PTEN have been reported. The Egr1-Dmp1-Arf-p53-Pten pathway displays multiple modes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of tumor suppressors that maintain normal cell growth and prevent the emergence of incipient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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21
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The cell cycle regulatory DREAM complex is disrupted by high expression of oncogenic B-Myb. Oncogene 2018; 38:1080-1092. [PMID: 30206359 PMCID: PMC6377300 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the oncogene MYBL2 (B-Myb) is associated with increased cell proliferation and serves as marker of poor prognosis in cancer. However, the mechanism by which B-Myb alters the cell cycle is not fully understood. In proliferating cells, B-Myb interacts with the MuvB core complex including LIN9, LIN37, LIN52, RBBP4, and LIN54, forming the MMB (Myb-MuvB) complex, and promotes transcription of genes required for mitosis. Alternatively, the MuvB core interacts with Rb-like protein p130 and E2F4-DP1 to form the DREAM complex that mediates global repression of cell cycle genes in G0/G1, including a subset of MMB target genes. Here, we show that overexpression of B-Myb disrupts the DREAM complex in human cells, and this activity depends on the intact MuvB-binding domain in B-Myb. Furthermore, we found that B-Myb regulates the protein expression levels of the MuvB core subunit LIN52, a key adaptor for assembly of both the DREAM and MMB complexes, by a mechanism that requires S28 phosphorylation site in LIN52. Given that high expression of B-Myb correlates with global loss of repression of DREAM target genes in breast and ovarian cancer, our findings offer mechanistic insights for aggressiveness of cancers with MYBL2 amplification, and establish the rationale for targeting B-Myb to restore cell cycle control.
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22
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E Hermosilla V, Salgado G, Riffo E, Escobar D, Hepp MI, Farkas C, Galindo M, Morín V, García-Robles MA, Castro AF, Pincheira R. SALL2 represses cyclins D1 and E1 expression and restrains G1/S cell cycle transition and cancer-related phenotypes. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1026-1046. [PMID: 29689621 PMCID: PMC6026872 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SALL2 is a poorly characterized transcription factor that belongs to the Spalt‐like family involved in development. Mutations on SALL2 have been associated with ocular coloboma and cancer. In cancers, SALL2 is deregulated and is proposed as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. SALL2 has been implicated in stemness, cell death, proliferation, and quiescence. However, mechanisms underlying roles of SALL2 related to cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of SALL2 in cell proliferation using mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Sall2−/− mice. Compared to Sall2+/+ MEFs, Sall2−/− MEFs exhibit enhanced cell proliferation and faster postmitotic progression through G1 and S phases. Accordingly, Sall2−/− MEFs exhibit higher mRNA and protein levels of cyclins D1 and E1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assays showed that SALL2 binds and represses CCND1 and CCNE1 promoters, identifying a novel mechanism by which SALL2 may control cell cycle. In addition, the analysis of tissues from Sall2+/+ and Sall2−/− mice confirmed the inverse correlation between expression of SALL2 and G1‐S cyclins. Consistent with an antiproliferative function of SALL2, immortalized Sall2−/− MEFs showed enhanced growth rate, foci formation, and anchorage‐independent growth, confirming tumor suppressor properties for SALL2. Finally, cancer data analyses show negative correlations between SALL2 and G1‐S cyclins’ mRNA levels in several cancers. Altogether, our results demonstrated that SALL2 is a negative regulator of cell proliferation, an effect mediated in part by repression of G1‐S cyclins’ expression. Our results have implications for the understanding and significance of SALL2 role under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana E Hermosilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Ginessa Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Riffo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - David Escobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Matías I Hepp
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Farkas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Galindo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violeta Morín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - María A García-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roxana Pincheira
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
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Kündig P, Giesen C, Jackson H, Bodenmiller B, Papassotirolopus B, Freiberger SN, Aquino C, Opitz L, Varga Z. Limited utility of tissue micro-arrays in detecting intra-tumoral heterogeneity in stem cell characteristics and tumor progression markers in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:118. [PMID: 29739401 PMCID: PMC5941467 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-tumoral heterogeneity has been recently addressed in different types of cancer, including breast cancer. A concept describing the origin of intra-tumoral heterogeneity is the cancer stem-cell hypothesis, proposing the existence of cancer stem cells that can self-renew limitlessly and therefore lead to tumor progression. Clonal evolution in accumulated single cell genomic alterations is a further possible explanation in carcinogenesis. In this study, we addressed the question whether intra-tumoral heterogeneity can be reliably detected in tissue-micro-arrays in breast cancer by comparing expression levels of conventional predictive/prognostic tumor markers, tumor progression markers and stem cell markers between central and peripheral tumor areas. Methods We analyzed immunohistochemical expression and/or gene amplification status of conventional prognostic tumor markers (ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6), tumor progression markers (PTEN, PIK3CA, p53, Ki-67) and stem cell markers (mTOR, SOX2, SOX9, SOX10, SLUG, CD44, CD24, TWIST) in 372 tissue-micro-array samples from 72 breast cancer patients. Expression levels were compared between central and peripheral tumor tissue areas and were correlated to histopathological grading. 15 selected cases additionally underwent RNA sequencing for transcriptome analysis. Results No significant difference in any of the analyzed between central and peripheral tumor areas was seen with any of the analyzed methods/or results that showed difference. Except mTOR, PIK3CA and SOX9 (nuclear) protein expression, all markers correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with histopathological grading both in central and peripheral areas. Conclusion Our results suggest that intra-tumoral heterogeneity of stem-cell and tumor-progression markers cannot be reliably addressed in tissue-micro-array samples in breast cancer. However, most markers correlated strongly with histopathological grading confirming prognostic information as expression profiles were independent on the site of the biopsy was taken. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1495-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Kündig
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Giesen
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hartland Jackson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Nicole Freiberger
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Fry EA, Inoue K. Aberrant expression of ETS1 and ETS2 proteins in cancer. CANCER REPORTS AND REVIEWS 2018; 2:10.15761/CRR.1000151. [PMID: 29974077 PMCID: PMC6027756 DOI: 10.15761/crr.1000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ETS transcription factors regulate expression of genes involved in normal cell development, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, consisting of 28 family members in humans. Dysregulation of these transcription factors facilitates cell proliferation in cancers, and several members participate in invasion and metastasis by activating gene transcription. ETS1 and ETS2 are the founding members of the ETS family and regulate transcription by binding to ETS sequences. They are both involved in oncogenesis and tumor suppression depending on the biological situations used. The essential roles of ETS proteins in human telomere maintenance have been suggested, which have been linked to creation of new Ets binding sites. Recently, preferential binding of ETS2 to gain-of-function mutant p53 and ETS1 to wild type p53 (WTp53) has been suggested, raising the tumor promoting role for the former and tumor suppressive role for the latter. The oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of ETS1 and 2 proteins have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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25
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Hung CH, Chen FM, Lin YC, Tsai ML, Wang SL, Chen YC, Chen YT, Hou MF. Altered monocyte differentiation and macrophage polarization patterns in patients with breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:366. [PMID: 29614988 PMCID: PMC5883269 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage heterogeneity is the main feature of the tumour microenvironment. Breast cancer is one of the most life-threatening cancers. However, macrophage polarization patterns in different tumour stages and the importance of its relationship to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer remains highly unclear. The present study investigated the patterns of monocyte differentiation and macrophage polarization in breast cancer. METHODS Patients with breast cancer (n = 48) and healthy controls (n = 39) were prospectively recruited. The percentages and subsets of circulating macrophage-like cells were analysed by flow cytometry, and the polarization patterns of these cells in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer were compared with those of healthy controls. In addition, macrophage polarization patterns in different stages and HER2 status in breast cancer were investigated. RESULTS The percentages of circulating macrophages, which are defined as PM-2 K+ cells in the peripheral blood, were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls. The percentages of M1-like macrophages were significantly lower, but those of M2-like macrophages were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls. The percentage of M2c-like macrophages was significantly higher in advanced (stages II and III) breast cancer. However, the patterns of macrophage polarization were not associated with HER2 status in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant macrophage polarization was observed in breast cancer and was correlated with breast cancer stage. These quantitative data may provide new molecular biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ming Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Breast Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lan Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ling Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Breast Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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26
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Khabaz MN, Abdelrahman A, Butt N, Damnhory L, Elshal M, Aldahlawi AM, Ashoor S, Al-Maghrabi B, Dobson P, Brown B, Al-Sakkaf K, Al-Qahtani M, Al-Maghrabi J. Immunohistochemical staining of leptin is associated with grade, stage, lymph node involvement, recurrence, and hormone receptor phenotypes in breast cancer. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:105. [PMID: 29121911 PMCID: PMC5680747 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is part of the established risk factors for breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal females. Circulating leptin increases in parallel with the increase of body weight and fat reservoir. Methods This research investigated the link between leptin phenotype and the clinicopathological factors in BC. A large set of breast cancer cases (449), and 27 non-cancerous tissue samples of breast were employed for leptin expression recognition using immunohistochemistry staining. Results Cytoplasmic immunohistochemical staining of leptin was recognized in 376 (83.7%) and 25 (92.6%) of BC and control cases respectively. Leptin immunostaining were significantly associated with age, histotypes, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, tumor recurrence, hormone receptor phenotypes, ER and HER2 expressions, and p-values were (P = 0.0233), (P = 0.0001), (P = 0.050), (P = 0.0291), (P = 0.0300), (P = 0.0023), (P = 0.0021), (P = 0.0279) respectively. Reasonable proportion of cases with low staining score was more prevalent in all subgroups of clinicopathological parameters except ER- PR+ HER2- hormone receptor phenotype and mucinous carcinoma which showed high level of leptin immunoreactivity. Tumor recurrence is less prevailing in high score leptin immunostaining cases. Furthermore, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test findings revealed considerably different survival distributions were observed for the different categories of leptin immunostaining scores (P = 0.032). Negative leptin immunostaining is related to poor survival. Conclusions Our preliminary findings support leptin clinical value in confirming BC diagnosis as well as prognosis. These results suggest that leptin molecule is an important biomarker that could identify type, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, relapse and prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lila Damnhory
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elshal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; Immunology Unit, KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; Immunology Unit, KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swsan Ashoor
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Al-Maghrabi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pauline Dobson
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Barry Brown
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kaltoom Al-Sakkaf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Ma S, Ling F, Gui A, Chen S, Sun Y, Li Z. Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cells for Evaluating Short- and Long-Term Efficacy of Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4808-4816. [PMID: 28986517 PMCID: PMC5642643 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) counts in predicting the short- and long-term efficacy of chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral venous blood was extracted from 187 BC patients. CTCs were measured by flow cytometry. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between the efficacy of chemotherapy and CTC counts. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to estimate the predictive value of CTC counts. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to calculate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for prognosis of BC. RESULTS Complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) was achieved by 65.8% of BC patients. After chemotherapy, CTC counts were decreased in both the CR + PR and SD + PD groups. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that CTC counts before chemotherapy were positively correlated with clinical response to chemotherapy (r=0.45, P<0.05). For predicting clinical response to chemotherapy, CTC counts yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.958, with sensitivity reaching 96.9% and specificity reaching 85.4%. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis indicated that tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, lymph node metastasis (LNM), ki-67, endocrine therapy, and CTC counts were risk factors for prognosis of BC. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that BC patients with CTCs ³8 exhibited poor response to chemotherapy and poor OS. CTC counts can serve as an indicator in predicting short- and long-term efficacy of chemotherapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Feihai Ling
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Anping Gui
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- Department of Mammary Gland Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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28
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Zhao YX, Liu HC, Ying WY, Wang CY, Yu YJ, Sun WJ, Liu JF. microRNA‑372 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by directly targeting E2F1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8069-8075. [PMID: 28944922 PMCID: PMC5779890 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortalities among women worldwide today. Accumulating evidence suggested that miR-372 may serve important roles in the initiation and development of various human cancers. However, the role of miR-372 in breast cancer remains unknown. The present study demonstrated that the expression level of miR-372 in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines is significantly reduced compared with normal breast tissues cell lines. Furthermore, results of functional assays indicated that miR-372 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. E2F1 was identified as a direct functional target of miR-372 in breast cancer. In conclusion, the findings revealed that miR-372 may have the potential to act as a novel molecule for the diagnosis and therapy of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yang Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Jun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jian Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Fan Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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29
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Prognostic Influence of Tumor Stroma on Breast Cancer Subtypes. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 18:e123-e133. [PMID: 28927692 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of the present work was to evaluate the impact of the phenotype of both intratumoral mononuclear inflammatory cells (MICs) and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAFs), assessed as to their expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) on prognosis in different breast cancer subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 247 tumors of patients with primary ductal invasive breast cancer were categorized into 1 of 4 major subtypes, using the 3 standard immunohistochemical markers (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], and human epidermal growth factor receptor/Neu 2 [HER2] receptor status). An immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against MMP-9, MMP-11, and MMP-14, and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. RESULTS MMP-11 expression by MICs was significantly and strongly associated with prognosis in all breast cancer subtypes. There were other significant associations with poor prognosis in luminal A tumors: expressions of MMP-9, MMP-11, and TIMP-2 by CAFs, in luminal B tumors: MMP-14 expression by MICs and TIMP-2 expression by MICs, in HER-2-positive tumors: expression of MMP-9 by MICs, and in triple negative breast cancers: expression of TIMP-1 by MICs. CONCLUSION Characterization of both tumor stromal CAFs and MICs, with regard to the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, improve the prognostic evaluation of all breast cancer subtypes.
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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31
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Jiang Y, Ye X, Ji Y, Zhou X, Yang H, Wei W, Li Q. Aberrant expression of RSK4 in breast cancer and its role in the regulation of tumorigenicity. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:883-890. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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MYBL2 (B-Myb): a central regulator of cell proliferation, cell survival and differentiation involved in tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2017. [PMID: 28640249 PMCID: PMC5520903 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Limitless cell proliferation, evasion from apoptosis, dedifferentiation, metastatic spread and therapy resistance: all these properties of a cancer cell contribute to its malignant phenotype and affect patient outcome. MYBL2 (alias B-Myb) is a transcription factor of the MYB transcription factor family and a physiological regulator of cell cycle progression, cell survival and cell differentiation. When deregulated in cancer cells, MYBL2 mediates the deregulation of these properties. In fact, MYBL2 is overexpressed and associated with poor patient outcome in numerous cancer entities. MYBL2 and players of its downstream transcriptional network can be used as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets to offer less toxic and more specific anti-cancer therapies in future. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the physiological roles of MYBL2 and highlight the impact of its deregulation on cancer initiation and progression.
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Kendig RD, Kai F, Fry EA, Inoue K. Stabilization of the p53-DNA Complex by the Nuclear Protein Dmp1α. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:301-312. [PMID: 28406729 PMCID: PMC6262109 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1303505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the existence of a physical interaction between the Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 (Dmtf1) and p53 in which Dmp1 antagonized polyubiquitination of p53 by Mdm2 and promoted its nuclear localization. Dmp1 significantly stabilized p53-DNA complexes on promoters that contained p53-consensus sequences, which were either supershifted or disrupted with antibodies to Dmp1. Lysates from mice injected with doxorubicin showed that Dmp1 bound to p21Cip1, Bbc3, and Thbs1 gene regulatory regions in a p53-dependent fashion. Our data suggest that acceleration of DNA-binding of p53 by Dmp1 is a critical process for Dmp1 to increase the p53 function in Arf-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Kendig
- a Department of Pathology , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Fumitake Kai
- a Department of Pathology , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fry
- a Department of Pathology , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- a Department of Pathology , Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
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Genovese I, Ilari A, Assaraf YG, Fazi F, Colotti G. Not only P-glycoprotein: Amplification of the ABCB1- containing chromosome region 7q21 confers multidrug resistance upon cancer cells by coordinated overexpression of an assortment of resistance-related proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2017; 32:23-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jiang W, Liu P, Li X. G9A performs important roles in the progression of breast cancer through upregulating its targets. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4127-4132. [PMID: 28599414 PMCID: PMC5453034 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of malignancy in females worldwide, however, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms behind the development and progression of BC and identify potential biomarkers for it. The chromatin immunoprecipitation-DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq) dataset GSM1642516 and gene expression dataset GSE34925 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Affy and oligo packages were used for the background correction and normalization of the gene expression dataset. Based on Limma package and the criteria of a fold change >1.41 or <0.71, and a false discovery rate adjusted P-value <0.05, differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (G9A) -knockout (KO) breast samples compared with control samples were identified. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Analysis was used for the functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs. Bowtie 2 and model-based analysis of ChIP-Seq version 14 (macs14) were used for the mapping of raw reads and the identification of G9A binding sites (peaks), respectively. In addition, overlapping genes between the DEGs and genes in the peaks located in −3000 to 3000 bp centered in the transcription start sites (conpeaks) were screened out and microRNAs (miRNAs) believed to regulate those overlaps were identified through the TargetScan database. A total of 217 DEGs were identified in G9A-KO samples, which were mainly involved in the biological processes and pathways associated with the inflammatory response and cancer progression. A total of 10,422 peaks, containing 1,210 conpeaks involving 1,138 genes, were identified. Among the 1,138 genes, 15 were overlapped with the DEGs, and 35 miRNAs were identified to regulate those overlaps. Insulin-induced gene 1 was regulated by 9 genes in the miRNA-gene regulation network, which may indicate its importance in the progression of BC. The present study identified potential biomarkers of BC that may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino-US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin's National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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Fry EA, Taneja P, Inoue K. Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive mouse models for breast cancer engaging HER2/neu. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:495-503. [PMID: 27553713 PMCID: PMC5159240 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human c-ErbB2 (HER2) gene is amplified in ∼20% of human breast cancers (BCs), but the protein is overexpressed in ∼30% of the cases indicating that multiple different mechanisms contribute to HER2 overexpression in tumors. It has long been used as a molecular marker of BC for subcategorization for the prediction of prognosis and determination of therapeutic strategies. In comparison to ER(+) BCs, HER2-positive BCs are more invasive, but the patients respond to monoclonal antibody therapy with trastuzumab or tyrosine kinase inhibitors at least at early stages. To understand the pathophysiology of HER2-driven carcinogenesis and test HER2-targeting therapeutic agents in vivo, numerous mouse models have been created that faithfully reproduce HER2(+) BCs in mice. They include MMTV-neu (active mutant or wild type, rat neu or HER2) models, neu promoter-driven neuNT-transgenic mice, neuNT-knock-in mice at the neu locus and doxycycline-inducible neuNT-transgenic models. HER2/neu activates the Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-AKT-NF-κB pathway to stimulate the mitogenic cyclin D1/Cdk4-Rb-E2F pathway. Of note, overexpression of HER2 also stimulates the cell autonomous Dmp1-Arf-p53 tumor suppressor pathway to quench oncogenic signals to prevent the emergence of cancer cells. Hence tumor development by MMTV-neu mice was dramatically accelerated in mice that lack Dmp1, Arf or p53 with invasion and metastasis. Expressions of neuNT under the endogenous promoter underwent gene amplification, closely recapitulating human HER2(+) BCs. MMTV-HER2 models have been shown to be useful to test humanized monoclonal antibodies to HER2. These mouse models will be useful for the screening of novel therapeutic agents against BCs with HER2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Pankaj Taneja
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Fang C, Wang FB, Li Y, Zeng XT. Down-regulation of miR-199b-5p is correlated with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1189-1193. [PMID: 27788476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-199b-5p in breast cancer patients, as well as explore its effects on breast cancer cells. METHODS The expression level of miR-199b-5p in breast cancer tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between miR-199b-5p expression and clinical parameters. Besides, overall survival analysis was carried out with Kaplan-Meier curve with log rank test, and the prognostic value of miR-199b-5p in breast cancer was evaluated by cox regression model. In addition, MTT and transwell assays in vitro were used to estimate the effects of miR-199b-5p on breast cancer cells. RESULTS MiR-199b-5p was down-regulated in breast cancer tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). Moreover, its decreased level was significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage (P=0.008) and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.013). Cell experiments suggested that miR-199b-5p could regulate proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. In addition, we found that breast cancer patients with low miR-199b-5p expression level had poorer overall survival than those with high level (log rank test, P=0.021). MiR-199b-5p was an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients (HR=2.318, 95%CI=1.086-4.949, P=0.030). CONCLUSION Down-regulated miR-199b-5p in breast cancer patients is associated with malignant clinical characteristics. MiR-199b-5p may be a potential prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Evans-Knowell A, LaRue AC, Findlay VJ. MicroRNAs and Their Impact on Breast Cancer, the Tumor Microenvironment, and Disparities. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 133:51-76. [PMID: 28052821 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a worldwide health issue as it represents the leading cause of cancer in women and the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with an increasing incidence. Nothing speaks more clearly to the shocking breast cancer health disparities than the fact that African American (AA) women are as likely to get breast cancer as Caucasian American (CA) women, yet have a higher breast cancer death rate. It is becoming increasingly apparent that racial disparity in cancer exists due to molecular differences in tumor biology as well as, or in addition to, socioeconomic and standard of care issues (Albain, Unger, Crowley, Coltman, & Hershman, 2009). A greater understanding of the risk factors and biological links associated with breast cancer, will significantly impact AA communities due to the higher deaths associated with this disease in this population. microRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that were recently discovered as major players in the regulation of many diseases including cancer. Although, there are many studies that have investigated the role of miRNAs in breast cancer, few have investigated their role if any in breast cancer disparities. This review serves to summarize the current published literature that is involved in the study of microRNAs and their impact on breast cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Evans-Knowell
- South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, United States
| | - A C LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - V J Findlay
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Nemudraya AA, Makartsova AA, Fomin AS, Nushtaeva AA, Koval OA, Richter VA, Kuligina EV. Tumor-Specific Peptide, Selected from a Phage Peptide Library, Enhances Antitumor Activity of Lactaptin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160980. [PMID: 27513518 PMCID: PMC4981335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A recombinant analogue of lactaptin (RL2), a new potential anticancer molecule, induces apoptosis in cultured tumor cells. The tumor suppression efficacy of RL2 was shown against mouse hepatoma-1 cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. The RL2-based therapeutic drug lactaptin is distributed evenly throughout the organism, which reduces its antitumor efficacy. In the current study, we obtained a genetic construct that allows production of the recombinant fusion protein T3-RL2, consisting of RL2 and T3 peptide (YTYDPWLIFPAN), in E. coli cells. T3 peptide was selected from a phage peptide library as a result of two screenings: in vitro using MDA-MB-231 cell culture and in vivo using a mouse xenograft model of breast cancer MDA-MB-231. It was shown that the displayed peptide T3 provides binding and internalization of phage particles by MDA-MB-231 cells and their specific accumulation in MDA-MB-231 tumor tissue. In addition, based on the nucleotide sequences coding RL2 and the known tumor-targeting peptide iRGD, we obtained genetic constructs that provide synthesis of fusion proteins RL2-iRGD and RL-iRGD-His. We studied the cytotoxic activity of fusion proteins T3-RL2, RL2-iRGD and RL-iRGD-His in vitro using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human adenocarcinoma cells. The in vitro results showed that the fusion proteins inhibit proliferation of both cell cultures, and their cytotoxic activity is higher than that of RL2. In vivo experiments on the study of the antitumor efficacy of the obtained fusion proteins demonstrated that T3-RL2 protein significantly inhibits MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in a xenograft model compared with RL2, while the antitumor effect of RL2-iRGD and RL-iRGD-His proteins is comparable to the effect of RL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Nemudraya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna A. Makartsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandr S. Fomin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A. Nushtaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Koval
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Richter
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Kuligina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Szynglarewicz B, Kasprzak P, Donizy P, Biecek P, Halon A, Matkowski R. Ductal carcinoma in situ on stereotactic biopsy of suspicious breast microcalcifications: Expression of SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) can predict postoperative invasion. J Surg Oncol 2016; 114:548-556. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kasprzak
- Department of Breast Imaging; Lower Silesia Oncology Center; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Piotr Donizy
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics; University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Rafal Matkowski
- Breast Unit; Department of Surgical Oncology; Lower Silesia Oncology Center; Wroclaw Poland
- Department of Oncology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
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Atypical Rho GTPases of the RhoBTB Subfamily: Roles in Vesicle Trafficking and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020028. [PMID: 27314390 PMCID: PMC4931677 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoBTB proteins constitute a subfamily of atypical Rho GTPases represented in mammals by RhoBTB1, RhoBTB2, and RhoBTB3. Their characteristic feature is a carboxyl terminal extension that harbors two BTB domains capable of assembling cullin 3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complexes. The expression of all three RHOBTB genes has been found reduced or abolished in a variety of tumors. They are considered tumor suppressor genes and recent studies have strengthened their implication in tumorigenesis through regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. RhoBTB3 is also involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. One aspect that makes RhoBTB proteins atypical among the Rho GTPases is their proposed mechanism of activation. No specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors or GTPase activating proteins are known. Instead, RhoBTB might be activated through interaction with other proteins that relieve their auto-inhibited conformation and inactivated through auto-ubiquitination and destruction in the proteasome. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of action of RhoBTB proteins and the implications for tumorigenesis and other pathologic conditions.
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Burke HB. Predicting Clinical Outcomes Using Molecular Biomarkers. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:89-99. [PMID: 27279751 PMCID: PMC4896533 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s33380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of biomarkers. At the last count, there were 768,259 papers indexed in PubMed.gov directly related to biomarkers. Although many of these papers claim to report clinically useful molecular biomarkers, embarrassingly few are currently in clinical use. It is suggested that a failure to properly understand, clinically assess, and utilize molecular biomarkers has prevented their widespread adoption in treatment, in comparative benefit analyses, and their integration into individualized patient outcome predictions for clinical decision-making and therapy. A straightforward, general approach to understanding how to predict clinical outcomes using risk, diagnostic, and prognostic molecular biomarkers is presented. In the future, molecular biomarkers will drive advances in risk, diagnosis, and prognosis, they will be the targets of powerful molecular therapies, and they will individualize and optimize therapy. Furthermore, clinical predictions based on molecular biomarkers will be displayed on the clinician’s screen during the physician–patient interaction, they will be an integral part of physician–patient-shared decision-making, and they will improve clinical care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry B Burke
- Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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