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Zhang K, Feng Y, Qiao X, Yu Y, Song Z, Liu Z, Tian Z, Chen S, Zhang X, Wang X. Experimental research on spinal metastasis with mouse models. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:3008-3009. [PMID: 37974324 PMCID: PMC10752490 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaochen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, JinZhong Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zelong Song
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhuohao Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhi Tian
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Song Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Pain medicine, First Medical Center, the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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2
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Jelgersma C, Vajkoczy P. How to Target Spinal Metastasis in Experimental Research: An Overview of Currently Used Experimental Mouse Models and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115420. [PMID: 34063821 PMCID: PMC8196562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The spine is one of the organs that is most affected by metastasis in cancer patients. Since the control of primary tumor is continuously improving, treatment of metastases is becoming one of the major challenges to prevent cancer-related death. Due to the anatomical proximity to the spinal cord, local spread of metastasis can directly cause neurological deficits, severely limiting the patient’s quality of life. To investigate the underlying mechanisms and to develop new therapies, preclinical models are required which represent the complexity of the multistep cascade of metastasis. Current research of metastasis focuses on the formation of the premetastatic niche, tumor cell dormancy and the influence and regulating function of the immune system. To unveil whether these influence the organotropism to the spine, spinal models are irreplaceable. Mouse models are one of the most suitable models in oncologic research. Therefore, this review provides an overview of currently used mouse models of spinal metastasis. Furthermore, it discusses technical aspects clarifying to what extend these models can picture key steps of the metastatic process. Finally, it addresses proposals to develop better mouse models in the future and could serve as both basis and stimulus for researchers and clinicians working in this field.
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Owen KL, Gearing LJ, Zanker DJ, Brockwell NK, Khoo WH, Roden DL, Cmero M, Mangiola S, Hong MK, Spurling AJ, McDonald M, Chan C, Pasam A, Lyons RJ, Duivenvoorden HM, Ryan A, Butler LM, Mariadason JM, Giang Phan T, Hayes VM, Sandhu S, Swarbrick A, Corcoran NM, Hertzog PJ, Croucher PI, Hovens C, Parker BS. Prostate cancer cell-intrinsic interferon signaling regulates dormancy and metastatic outgrowth in bone. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50162. [PMID: 32314873 PMCID: PMC7271653 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The latency associated with bone metastasis emergence in castrate-resistant prostate cancer is attributed to dormancy, a state in which cancer cells persist prior to overt lesion formation. Using single-cell transcriptomics and ex vivo profiling, we have uncovered the critical role of tumor-intrinsic immune signaling in the retention of cancer cell dormancy. We demonstrate that loss of tumor-intrinsic type I IFN occurs in proliferating prostate cancer cells in bone. This loss suppresses tumor immunogenicity and therapeutic response and promotes bone cell activation to drive cancer progression. Restoration of tumor-intrinsic IFN signaling by HDAC inhibition increased tumor cell visibility, promoted long-term antitumor immunity, and blocked cancer growth in bone. Key findings were validated in patients, including loss of tumor-intrinsic IFN signaling and immunogenicity in bone metastases compared to primary tumors. Data herein provide a rationale as to why current immunotherapeutics fail in bone-metastatic prostate cancer, and provide a new therapeutic strategy to overcome the inefficacy of immune-based therapies in solid cancers.
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4
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Pore SK, Hahm ER, Latoche JD, Anderson CJ, Shuai Y, Singh SV. Prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone resorption by benzyl isothiocyanate. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:134-145. [PMID: 29040431 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone resorption is the primary cause of pain and suffering (e.g. pathological bone fracture) in women with metastatic breast cancer. The current standard of care for patients with bone metastasis for reducing the incidence of skeletal complications includes bisphosphonates and a humanized antibody (denosumab). However, a subset of patients on these therapies still develops new bone metastasis or experiences adverse effects. Moreover, some bisphosphonates have poor oral bioavailability. Therefore, orally-bioavailable and non-toxic inhibitors of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone resorption are still clinically desirable. We have shown previously that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) decreases the incidence of breast cancer in a transgenic mouse model without any side effects. The present study provides in vivo evidence for inhibition of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone resorption by BITC. Plasma achievable doses of BITC (0.5 and 1 μM) inhibited in vitro osteoclast differentiation induced by co-culture of osteoclast precursor cells (RAW264.7) and breast cancer cells representative of different subtypes. This effect was accompanied by downregulation of key mediators of osteoclast differentiation, including receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), in BITC-treated breast cancer cells. Doxycycline-inducible knockdown of RUNX2 augmented BITC-mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Oral administration of 10 mg BITC/kg body weight, 5 times per week, inhibited MDA-MB-231-induced skeletal metastasis multiplicity by ~81% when compared with control (P = 0.04). The present study indicates that BITC has the ability to inhibit breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone resorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Pore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph D Latoche
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,In Vivo Imaging Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,In Vivo Imaging Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongli Shuai
- Biostatistics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Haley HR, Shen N, Qyli T, Buschhaus JM, Pirone M, Luker KE, Luker GD. Enhanced Bone Metastases in Skeletally Immature Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:84-93. [PMID: 29984313 PMCID: PMC6035009 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone constitutes the most common site of breast cancer metastases either at time of presentation or recurrent disease years after seemingly successful therapy. Bone metastases cause substantial morbidity, including life-threatening spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia. Given the high prevalence of patients with breast cancer, health-care costs of bone metastases (>$20,000 per episode) impose a tremendous economic burden on society. To investigate mechanisms of bone metastasis, we developed femoral artery injection of cancer cells as a physiologically relevant model of bone metastasis. Comparing young (∼6 weeks), skeletally immature mice to old (∼6 months) female mice with closed physes (growth plates), we showed significantly greater progression of osteolytic metastases in young animals. Bone destruction increased in the old mice following ovariectomy, emphasizing the pathologic consequences of greater bone turnover and net loss. Despite uniform initial distribution of breast cancer cells throughout the hind limb after femoral artery injection, we observed preferential formation of osteolytic bone metastases in the proximal tibia. Tropism for the proximal tibia arises in part because of TGF-β, a cytokine abundant in both physes of skeletally immature mice and matrix of bone in mice of all ages. We also showed that age-dependent effects on osteolytic bone metastases did not occur in male mice with disseminated breast cancer cells in bone. These studies establish a model system to specifically focus on pathophysiology and treatment of bone metastases and underscore the need to match biologic variables in the model to relevant subsets of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Haley
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nathan Shen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tonela Qyli
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Johanna M Buschhaus
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Matthew Pirone
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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6
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Ma YV, Lam C, Dalmia S, Gao P, Young J, Middleton K, Liu C, Xu H, You L. Mechanical regulation of breast cancer migration and apoptosis via direct and indirect osteocyte signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5665-5675. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Heng V. Ma
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Candy Lam
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Shreyash Dalmia
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Gao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jacob Young
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin Middleton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Henry Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lidan You
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Around 90% of deaths are caused by metastasis and just 10% by primary tumor. The advancement of treatment approaches is not at the same rhythm of the disease; making cancer a focal target of biomedical research. To enhance the understanding and prompts the therapeutic delivery; concepts of tissue engineering are applied in the development of in vitro models that can bridge between 2D cell culture and animal models, mimicking tissue microenvironment. Tumor spheroid represents highly suitable 3D organoid-like framework elucidating the intra and inter cellular signaling of cancer, like that formed in physiological niche. However, spheroids are of limited value in studying critical biological phenomenon such as tumor-stroma interactions involving extra cellular matrix or immune system. Therefore, a compelling need of tailoring spheroid technologies with physiologically relevant biomaterials or in silico models, is ever emerging. The diagnostic and prognostic role of spheroids rearrangements within biomaterials or microfluidic channel is indicative of patient management; particularly for the decision of targeted therapy. Fragmented information on available in vitro spheroid models and lack of critical analysis on transformation aspects of these strategies; pushes the urge to comprehensively overview the recent technological advancements (e.g. bioprinting, micro-fluidic technologies or use of biomaterials to attain the third dimension) in the shed of translationable cancer research. In present article, relationships between current models and their possible exploitation in clinical success is explored with the highlight of existing challenges in defining therapeutic targets and screening of drug efficacy.
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1,25(OH) 2D 3 deficiency increases TM40D tumor growth in bone and accelerates tumor-induced bone destruction in a breast cancer bone metastasis model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1033-1039. [PMID: 28922720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and bone is the commonest site of distant metastases. Evidences indicate that adequate supply of vitamin D will decrease the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. However, the main role of vitamin D deficiency in breast cancer bone metastases remains unclear. In this study, the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer bone metastases were evaluated. Results showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 can not only inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cell TM40D in vitro, but also attenuate the breast cancer cell TM40D-induced bone destruction in vivo, whose underlying mechanism was at least partially through decreasing the number of the osteoclasts. To our knowledge, this is the first to use 1-alpha-hydroxylase [1α(OH)ase] knockout mice which characterized vitamin D deficiency to establish the breast cancer bone metastases model. Based on this model, we also found that vitamin D deficiency will accelerate the osteolytic lesions, and 1,25(OH)2D3 supplement will restrain osteolytic lesions. Therefore, these findings suggest that vitamin D has the potential capacity to be a therapeutic agent for the breast cancer bone metastases.
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Sarabia-Estrada R, Ruiz-Valls A, Guerrero-Cazares H, Ampuero AM, Jimenez-Estrada I, De Silva S, Bernhardt LJ, Goodwin CR, Ahmed AK, Li Y, Phillips NA, Gokaslan ZL, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Sciubba DM. Metastatic human breast cancer to the spine produces mechanical hyperalgesia and gait deficits in rodents. Spine J 2017; 17:1325-1334. [PMID: 28412561 PMCID: PMC5628502 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Metastases to the spine are a common source of severe pain in cancer patients. The secondary effects of spinal metastases include pain, bone fractures, hypercalcemia, and neurological deficits. As the disease progresses, pain severity can increase until it becomes refractory to medical treatments and leads to a decreased quality of life for patients. A key obstacle in the study of pain-induced spinal cancer is the lack of reliable and reproducible spine cancer animal models. In the present study, we developed a reproducible and reliable rat model of spinal cancer using human-derived tumor tissue to evaluate neurological decline using imaging and behavioral techniques. PURPOSE The present study outlines the development and characterization of an orthotopic model of human breast cancer to the spine in immunocompromised rats. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a basic science study. METHODS Female immunocompromised rats were randomized into three groups: tumor (n=8), RBC3 mammary adenocarcinoma tissue engrafted in the L5 vertebra body; sham (n=6), surgery performed but not tumor engrafted; and control (n=6), naive rats, no surgery performed. To evaluate the neurological impairment due to tumor invasion, functional assessment was done in all rodents at day 40 after tumor engraftment using locomotion gait analysis and pain response to a mechanical stimulus (Randall-Selitto test). Bioluminescence (BLI) was used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed to evaluate bone changes due to tumor invasion. The animals were euthanized at day 45 and their spines were harvested and processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS Tumor growth in the spine was confirmed by BLI imaging and corroborated by histological analysis. Cone beam computed tomography images were characterized by a decrease in the bone intensity in the lumbar spine consistent with tumor location on BLI. On H&E staining of tumor-engrafted animals, there was a near-complete ablation of the ventral and posterior elements of the L5 vertebra with severe tumor invasion in the bony components displacing the spinal cord. Locomotion gait analysis of tumor-engrafted rats showed a disruption in the normal gait pattern with asignificant reduction in length (p=.02), duration (p=.002), and velocity (p=.002) of right leg strides and only in duration (p=.0006) and velocity (p=.001) of left leg strides, as compared with control and sham rats. Tumor-engrafted animals were hypersensitive to pain stimulus shown as a significantly reduced response in time (p=.02) and pressure (p=.01) applied when compared with control groups. CONCLUSIONS We developed a system for the quantitative analysis of pain and locomotion in an animal model of metastatic human breast cancer of the spine. Tumor-engrafted animals showed locomotor and sensory deficits that are in accordance with clinical manifestation in patients with spine metastasis. Pain response and locomotion gait analysis were performed during follow-up. The Randall-Selitto test was a sensitive method to evaluate pain in the rat's spine. We present a model for the study of bone-associated cancer pain secondary to cancer metastasis to the spine, as well as for the study of new therapies and treatments to lessen pain from metastatic cancer to the neuroaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Valls
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ana M. Ampuero
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ismael Jimenez-Estrada
- Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Research Center and Advanced Studies, IPN, Mexico City, MEXICO
| | - Samantha De Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lydia J. Bernhardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C. Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A. Karim Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinan General Hospital of PLA, Jinan, 250031, CHINA
| | - Neil A. Phillips
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ziya L. Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Daniel M. Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Lu ZH, Kaliberov S, Sohn RE, Kaliberova L, Du Y, Prior JL, Leib DJ, Chauchereau A, Sehn JK, Curiel DT, Arbeit JM. A new model of multi-visceral and bone metastatic prostate cancer with perivascular niche targeting by a novel endothelial specific adenoviral vector. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12272-12289. [PMID: 28103576 PMCID: PMC5355343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While modern therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) have improved survival they are associated with an increasingly prevalent entity, aggressive variant PCa (AVPCa), lacking androgen receptor (AR) expression, enriched for cancer stem cells (CSCs), and evidencing epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity with a varying extent of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. Parallel work revealed that endothelial cells (ECs) create a perivascular CSC niche mediated by juxtacrine and membrane tethered signaling. There is increasing interest in pharmacological metastatic niche targeting, however, targeted access has been impossible. Here, we discovered that the Gleason 7 derived, androgen receptor negative, IGR-CaP1 cell line possessed some but not all of the molecular features of AVPCa. Intracardiac injection into NOD/SCID/IL2Rg -/- (NSG) mice produced a completely penetrant bone, liver, adrenal, and brain metastatic phenotype; noninvasively and histologically detectable at 2 weeks, and necessitating sacrifice 4-5 weeks post injection. Bone metastases were osteoblastic, and osteolytic. IGR-CaP1 cells expressed the neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin, near equivalent levels of vimentin and e-cadherin, all of the EMT transcription factors, and activation of NOTCH and WNT pathways. In parallel, we created a new triple-targeted adenoviral vector containing a fiber knob RGD peptide, a hexon mutation, and an EC specific ROBO4 promoter (Ad.RGD.H5/3.ROBO4). This vector was expressed in metastatic microvessels tightly juxtaposed to IGR-CaP1 cells in bone and visceral niches. Thus, the combination of IGR-CaP1 cells and NSG mice produces a completely penetrant metastatic PCa model emulating end-stage human disease. In addition, the metastatic niche access provided by our novel Ad vector could be therapeutically leveraged for future disease control or cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hong Lu
- Urology Division and Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sergey Kaliberov
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Sohn
- Urology Division and Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lyudmila Kaliberova
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yingqiu Du
- Urology Division and Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Julie L. Prior
- Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel J. Leib
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne Chauchereau
- Prostate Cancer Group, INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Jennifer K. Sehn
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Arbeit
- Urology Division and Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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11
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Nair DV, Reddy AG. Laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer. Vet World 2016; 9:1229-1232. [PMID: 27956773 PMCID: PMC5146302 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1229-1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal cancer is rapidly increasing especially in developing countries. The major risk factors include unhealthy lifestyle practices such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and chewing tobacco to name a few. Diagnosis at an advanced stage and poor prognosis make esophageal cancer one of the most lethal diseases. These factors have urged further research in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Animal models not only aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal cancer but also help in developing therapeutic interventions for the disease. This review throws light on the various recent laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Venugopalan Nair
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - A Gopala Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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12
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Connexin 43 Mediates CXCL12 Production from Spinal Dorsal Horn to Maintain Bone Cancer Pain in Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:1200-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Lebedev LR, Danilenko ED, Telegina YV, Zaitsev BN. [An antitumor osteotropic agent based on tumor necrosis factor]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:652-6. [PMID: 26539876 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel drug for treatment of bone metastases based on human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) has been designed. The drug is a molecular structure containing yeast double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) covered by the conjugate of polyanion dextran with TNF-alpha and bisphosphonate, alendronic acid. The structure is characterized by the combination of substances possessing antitumor activity (TNF-alpha, dsRNA) and a vector molecule (bisphosphonate) providing tropism to hydroxyapatite, the main mineral component of the bone tissue matrix. The conjugation conditions were optimized and the conjugates of TNF-alpha and alendronic acid with dextran were synthesized. Molecular structures were obtained by self-assembly, and the resulting complexes were separated by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B. The electrophoretic analysis method revealed decreased mobility of dsRNA in the complex with the conjugate as compared to the mobility of the original dsRNA. This confirms formation of the designed structures. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of particles with sizes of 30-40 nm in the drug. Evaluation by the sorption/desorption method showed a higher affinity of TNF-alpha conjugates to hydroxyapatite as compared to the original TNF-alpha molecules (from 1.0 to 1.8 mol/L vs. 0.3 mol/L of potassium phosphate buffer for desorption, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Lebedev
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Berdsk, Russia
| | - E D Danilenko
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Berdsk, Russia
| | - Yu V Telegina
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Berdsk, Russia
| | - B N Zaitsev
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Berdsk, Russia
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Chong Seow Khoon M. Experimental models of bone metastasis: Opportunities for the study of cancer dormancy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:141-50. [PMID: 25572003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is prevalent in many cancers, and has been the subject of intense research, yielding innovative models to study the multiple stages of metastasis. It is now evident that, in the early stages of metastatic spread, disseminated tumour cells in the bone undergo an extended period of growth arrest in response to the microenvironment, a phenomenon known as "dormancy". Dormancy has been implicated with drug resistance, while enforced dormancy has also been seen as a radical method to control cancer, and engineering of dormant states has emerged as a novel clinical strategy. Understanding of the subject, however, is limited by the availability of models to describe early stages of metastatic spread. This mini-review provides a summary of experimental models currently being used in the study of bone metastasis and the applications of these models in the study of dormancy. Current research in developing improved models is described, leading to a discussion of challenges involved in future developments.
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Horas K, Zheng Y, Zhou H, Seibel MJ. Animal Models for Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone: Opportunities and Limitations. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:459-68. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1065500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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An in vivo mouse model of intraosseous spinal cancer causing evolving paraplegia. J Neurooncol 2013; 115:189-96. [PMID: 23955595 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The spine is the commonest site of skeletal metastatic disease and uncontrolled growth of cancer in the spine will inevitably cause pain and neurologic compromise. Improved understanding of the pathobiology behind this devastating condition is urgently needed. For this reason, the aim of this study was to establish a clinically relevant, animal model of spinal cancer. A percutaneous orthotopic injection of human breast (MDA-MB-231) or human prostate (PC-3) cancer cells was administered into the upper lumbar spine of nude mice (n = 6). Animals were monitored twice daily for general welfare, gait asymmetry or disturbance, and hindlimb weakness. After sacrifice, plain radiographs, micro-CT imaging and histological analysis of the spines were performed on each mouse. All mice recovered fully from the inoculation procedure and displayed normal gait and behaviour patterns for at least 3 weeks post-inoculation. Subsequently, between 3 and 5 weeks post-inoculation, each mouse developed evolving paralysis in their hindlimbs over 48-72 h. All followed the same pattern of decline following onset of neurological dysfunction; from gait asymmetry and unilateral hindlimb weakness, to complete unilateral hindlimb paralysis and finally to complete bilateral hindlimb paralysis. Plain radiographs, micro-CT scanning and histological analysis confirmed local tumour growth and destruction of the spine in all six mice. An in vivo mouse model of human intraosseous spinal cancer has been established forming cancers that grow within the spine and cause epidural spinal cord compression, resulting in a reproducible, evolving neurological deficit and paralysis that closely resembles the human condition.
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