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Walia S, Chandrasekaran AR, Chakraborty B, Bhatia D. Aptamer-Programmed DNA Nanodevices for Advanced, Targeted Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5392-5404. [PMID: 35006722 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA has been demonstrated to be a versatile material for construction at the nanoscale. DNA nanodevices are highly programmable and allow functionalization with multiple entities such as imaging modalities (fluorophores), targeting entities (aptamers), drug conjugation (chemical linkers), and triggered release (photoresponsive molecules). These features enhance the use of DNA nanodevices in biological applications, catalyzing the rapid growth of this domain of research. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the development and use of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanodevices as theranostic agents, their characterization, applications as delivery platforms, and advantages. We provide a brief background on the development of aptamers and DNA nanodevices in biomedical applications, and we present specific applications of these entities in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. We conclude with a perspective on the challenges and possible solutions for the clinical translation of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanodevices in the domain of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanka Walia
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Arun Richard Chandrasekaran
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | | | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
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Zhu J, Lu Q, Li B, Li H, Wu C, Li C, Jin H. Potential of the cell-free blood-based biomarker uroplakin 2 RNA to detect recurrence after surgical resection of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:520. [PMID: 34025787 PMCID: PMC8130048 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer, and ~30% of patients with LUAD develop cancer recurrence after surgery. The present study aimed to identify and validate biomarkers that may be used to monitor recurrence following LUAD surgery. Data from patients with LUAD were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and postoperative recurrence samples were selected. Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was subsequently performed to identify key co-expression gene modules. Additionally, enrichment analysis of the key gene modules was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Furthermore, survival analysis was performed on the most notable biomarker, uroplakin 2 (UPK2), which was downloaded from the Oncomine database, and its effect on prognosis was assessed. WGCNA identified 39 gene modules, of which one was most associated with recurrence. Among them, UPK2, kelch domain containing 3, galanin receptor 2 and tyrosinase-related protein 1 served a central role in the co-expression network and were significantly associated with the survival of patients. A total of 132 blood samples were collected from patients with LUAD with free UPK2 in the plasma. The expression levels of UPK2 relative to GADPH were 0.1623 and 0.2763 in non-relapsed and relapsed patients, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to detect free UPK2 mRNA in the blood in order to monitor postoperative recurrence, resulting in an area under the curve of 0.767 and a 95% CI of 0.675-0.858. Patients with high free UPK2 mRNA expression had unfavorable survival outcomes compared with those with low UPK2 expression. Therefore, free UPK2 mRNA expression in the plasma may have the potential to act as an indicator of postoperative recurrence in patients with early stage LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qijue Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Section of Esophageal Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Huafei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, First Affiliated Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Gowri Sankar S, Alwin Prem Anand A. Cytokine IP-10 and GM-CSF are prognostic biomarkers for severity in secondary dengue infection. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:438-445. [PMID: 33766427 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is mostly prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Though most DENV infections are self-limiting febrile like-illness, a small proportion of secondary infection is fatal, if untreated symptomatically. Among various factors involved in severe dengue, immune enhancement by cytokine is the major one. The objective of the study is to elucidate serum cytokine expression among primary and secondary infection and determine if any signature cytokine is correlated with disease severity. Seventy-six serum samples at acute time points were collected during the 2017 DENV outbreak in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Among the 76 serum samples, 49 belong to primary and 27 to secondary DENV infection. Interestingly, a large number of primary infection presented with DHF/DSS symptoms and, children were found prone to DHF and DSS in secondary infection. The serum samples were analysed for inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10 and GM-CSF using ELISA assay as well as mRNA analysis using qPCR. Among the 12 inflammatory cytokines analysed IP-10 and GMCSF mRNA and protein shows significant upregulation in secondary infection. Similarly, a strong correlation was observed between GM-CSF and IP-10 with thrombocytopenia, ascites, serous effusion and spontaneous bleeding. Based on the observations, GM-CSF and IP-10 could be a potential prognostic biomarkers for secondary DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowri Sankar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Center - Field Station, Madurai 625002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Alwin Prem Anand
- DBT - BIF Centre (Under DBT BTISNet Scheme), Lady Doak College, Madurai 625002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Villano V, Di Stadio CS, Federico A, Altieri F, Miselli G, De Palma M, Rippa E, Arcari P. Gastrokine 1 mRNA in human sera is not informative biomarker for gastric cancer. J Negat Results Biomed 2016; 15:14. [PMID: 27452910 PMCID: PMC4959057 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-016-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to ascertain if Gastrokine 1 mRNA in the sera of patients with gastric cancer might be an informative biomarker for the disease. Results Analysis of GKN1 mRNA in serum samples from healthy individuals (n = 23) and from patients with diagnosis of gastric cancer (n = 16), performed by using absolute quantification based on standard curve method, did not show any significative statistical difference between the two unpaired group of individuals. Conclusions Our preliminary results did not confirm GKN1 as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-8031, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Stella Di Stadio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-8031, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-8031, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Altieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-8031, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Miselli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-8031, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emilia Rippa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-8031, Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolo Arcari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-8031, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology scarl, Naples, Italy.
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Feng Y, Chen H, Cai J, Zou L, Yan D, Xu G, Li D, Chao W. Cardiac RNA induces inflammatory responses in cardiomyocytes and immune cells via Toll-like receptor 7 signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26688-98. [PMID: 26363072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that extracellular RNA (exRNA) released from necrotic cells induces cytokine production in cardiomyocytes and immune cells and contributes to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the signaling mechanism by which exRNA exhibits its pro-inflammatory effect is unknown. Here we hypothesize that exRNA directly induces inflammation through specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs). To test the hypothesis, we treated rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), or mouse neutrophils with RNA (2.5-10 μg/ml) isolated from rat cardiomyocytes or the hearts from mouse, rat, and human. We found that cellular RNA induced production of several cytokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), ILs, TNFα, and the effect was completely diminished by RNase, but not DNase. The RNA-induced cytokine production was partially inhibited in cells treated with TLR7 antagonist or genetically deficient in TLR7. Deletion of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), a downstream adapter of TLRs including TLR7, abolished the RNA-induced MIP-2 production. Surprisingly, genetic deletion of TLR3 had no impact on the RNA-induced MIP-2 response. Importantly, extracellular RNA released from damaged cardiomyocytes also induced cytokine production. Finally, mice treated with 50 μg of RNA intraperitoneal injection exhibited acute peritonitis as evidenced by marked neutrophil and monocyte migration into the peritoneal space. Together, these data demonstrate that exRNA of cardiac origin exhibits a potent pro-inflammatory property in vitro and in vivo and that exRNA induces cytokine production through TLR7-MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Hongliang Chen
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Jiayan Cai
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Lin Zou
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Dan Yan
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Ganqiong Xu
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Dan Li
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Wei Chao
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Takahashi S, Miura N, Harada T, Wang Z, Wang X, Tsubokura H, Oshima Y, Hasegawa J, Inagaki Y, Shiota G. Prognostic impact of clinical course-specific mRNA expression profiles in the serum of perioperative patients with esophageal cancer in the ICU: a case control study. J Transl Med 2010; 8:103. [PMID: 20969744 PMCID: PMC2984412 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that measuring circulating serum mRNAs using quantitative one-step real-time RT-PCR was clinically useful for detecting malignancies and determining prognosis. The aim of our study was to find crucial serum mRNA biomarkers in esophageal cancer that would provide prognostic information for post-esophagectomy patients in the critical care setting. Methods We measured serum mRNA levels of 11 inflammatory-related genes in 27 post-esophagectomy patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We tracked these levels chronologically, perioperatively and postoperatively, until the two-week mark, investigating their clinical and prognostic significance as compared with clinical parameters. Furthermore, we investigated whether gene expression can accurately predict clinical outcome and prognosis. Results Circulating mRNAs in postoperative esophagectomy patients had gene-specific expression profiles that varied with the clinical phase of their treatment. Multivariate regression analysis showed that upregulation of IL-6, VWF and TGF-β1 mRNA in the intraoperative phase (p = 0.016, 0.0021 and 0.009) and NAMPT and MUC1 mRNA on postoperative day 3 (p < 0.01) were independent factors of mortality in the first year of follow-up. Duration of ventilator dependence (DVD) and ICU stay were independent factors of poor prognosis (p < 0.05). Therapeutic use of Sivelestat (Elaspol®, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) significantly correlated with MUC1 and NAMPT mRNA expression (p = 0.048 and 0.045). IL-6 mRNA correlated with hypercytokinemia and recovery from hypercytokinemia (sensitivity 80.9%) and was a significant biomarker in predicting the onset of severe inflammatory diseases. Conclusion Chronological tracking of postoperative mRNA levels of inflammatory-related genes in esophageal cancer patients may facilitate early institution of pharamacologic therapy, prediction of treatment response, and prognostication during ICU management in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Takahashi
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Nishicho 36-1, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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