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The phocein homologue SmMOB3 is essential for vegetative cell fusion and sexual development in the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Curr Genet 2011; 57:133-49. [PMID: 21229248 PMCID: PMC3059760 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-010-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Members of the striatin family and their highly conserved interacting protein phocein/Mob3 are key components in the regulation of cell differentiation in multicellular eukaryotes. The striatin homologue PRO11 of the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora has a crucial role in fruiting body development. Here, we functionally characterized the phocein/Mob3 orthologue SmMOB3 of S. macrospora. We isolated the gene and showed that both, pro11 and Smmob3 are expressed during early and late developmental stages. Deletion of Smmob3 resulted in a sexually sterile strain, similar to the previously characterized pro11 mutant. Fusion assays revealed that ∆Smmob3 was unable to undergo self-fusion and fusion with the pro11 strain. The essential function of the SmMOB3 N-terminus containing the conserved mob domain was demonstrated by complementation analysis of the sterile S. macrospora ∆Smmob3 strain. Downregulation of either pro11 in ∆Smmob3, or Smmob3 in pro11 mutants by means of RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in synthetic sexual defects, demonstrating for the first time the importance of a putative PRO11/SmMOB3 complex in fruiting body development.
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Zhao JQ, Xie SS, Liu WB, Xiao YM, Zeng XM, Deng M, Gong L, Liu JP, Chen PC, Zhou J, Hu XH, Lv JH, Yu XQ, Wang D, Li C, Peng YL, Liao GP, Liu Y, Li DWC. Molecular Cloning of the Genes Encoding the PR55/Bβ/δ Regulatory Subunits for PP-2A and Analysis of Their Functions in Regulating Development of Goldfish, Carassius auratus. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4:135-48. [PMID: 21245947 PMCID: PMC3020040 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s6065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase-2A (PP-2A), one of the major phosphatases in eukaryotes, is a heterotrimer, consisting of a scaffold A subunit, a catalytic C subunit and a regulatory B subunit. Previous studies have shown that besides regulating specific PP-2A activity, various B subunits encoded by more than 16 different genes, may have other functions. To explore the possible roles of the regulatory subunits of PP-2A in vertebrate development, we have cloned the PR55/B family regulatory subunits: β and δ, analyzed their tissue specific and developmental expression patterns in Goldfish ( Carassius auratus). Our results revealed that the full-length cDNA for PR55/Bβ consists of 1940 bp with an open reading frame of 1332 nucleotides coding for a deduced protein of 443 amino acids. The full length PR55/Bδ cDNA is 2163 bp containing an open reading frame of 1347 nucleotides encoding a deduced protein of 448 amino acids. The two isoforms of PR55/B display high levels of sequence identity with their counterparts in other species. The PR55/Bβ mRNA and protein are detected in brain and heart. In contrast, the PR55/Bδ is expressed in all 9 tissues examined at both mRNA and protein levels. During development of goldfish, the mRNAs for PR55/Bβ and PR55/Bδ show distinct patterns. At the protein level, PR55/Bδ is expressed at all developmental stages examined, suggesting its important role in regulating goldfish development. Expression of the PR55/Bδ anti-sense RNA leads to significant downregulation of PR55/Bδ proteins and caused severe abnormality in goldfish trunk and eye development. Together, our results suggested that PR55/Bδ plays an important role in governing normal trunk and eye formation during goldfish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Si-Si Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Ya-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
| | - Lili Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
| | - Jin-Ping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pei-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jia-Han Lv
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Dao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Chi Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yun-Lei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Gao-Peng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Educational Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
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Xiao YM, Chen L, Liu J, Liu WB, Chen HG, Zou LJ, Liu Y, Li DWC. Contrast expression patterns of JNK1 during sex reversal of the rice-field eel. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2010; 314:242-56. [PMID: 19938068 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Their functions in regulating animal development have been well studied in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, it remains to be determined whether they play a role in sex determination. Here we present first evidence to show that expression of JNK1 displays distinct patterns during sex reversal of rice-field eel. Molecular cloning reveals that JNK1 is well conserved among rice-field eel and other vertebrates. Both quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis demonstrate that JNK1 is highly expressed in the ovary of the female individual and reduced to a substantial degree at the later stage of the intersex. However, when the intersex individual develops into the stage of male, expression of the JNK1 in the testis of the male individual is distinctly downregulated. Associated with the contrast JNK1 expression pattern in female and male gonads, several stem cell marker genes including Nanog, Oct-3/4, and Sox-2 were also differentially expressed in female and male germinal stem cells. Together, these results suggest it is possible that JNK1 plays an important role in sexual reversal of the rice-field eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Xiao
- Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen HG, Han WJ, Deng M, Qin J, Yuan D, Liu JP, Xiao L, Gong L, Liang S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Li DWC. Transcriptional regulation of PP2A-A alpha is mediated by multiple factors including AP-2alpha, CREB, ETS-1, and SP-1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7019. [PMID: 19750005 PMCID: PMC2736573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases-2A (PP-2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase and accounts for more than 50% serine/threonine phosphatase activity in eukaryotes. The holoenzyme of PP-2A consists of the scaffold A subunit, the catalytic C subunit and the regulatory B subunit. The scaffold subunits, PP2A-A alpha/beta, provide a platform for both C and B subunits to bind, thus playing a crucial role in providing specific PP-2A activity. Mutation of the two genes encoding PP2A-A alpha/beta leads to carcinogenesis and likely other human diseases. Regulation of these genes by various factors, both extracellular and intracellular, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have conducted functional dissection of the promoter of the mouse PP2A-A alpha gene. Our results demonstrate that the proximal promoter of the mouse PP2A-A alpha gene contains numerous cis-elements for the binding of CREB, ETS-1, AP-2 alpha, SP-1 besides the putative TFIIB binding site (BRE) and the downstream promoter element (DPE). Gel mobility shifting assays revealed that CREB, ETS-1, AP-2 alpha, and SP-1 all bind to PP2A-A alpha gene promoter. In vitro mutagenesis and reporter gene activity assays reveal that while SP-1 displays negative regulation, CREB, ETS-1 and AP-2A alpha all positively regulate the promoter of the PP2A-A alpha gene. ChIP assays further confirm that all the above transcription factors participate the regulation of PP2A-A alpha gene promoter. Together, our results reveal that multiple transcription factors regulate the PP2A-A alpha gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ge Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jichao Qin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Ping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Gong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Songping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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