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Wu Q, Cui D, Chao X, Chen P, Liu J, Wang Y, Su T, Li M, Xu R, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Strategies Targeting Immune Response-Related Pathways to Control Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:677897. [PMID: 34447800 PMCID: PMC8383179 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.677897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) worldwide, resulting in huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In this study, to understand the pathogenesis, the transcriptomic analysis was performed to explore the biological processes (BP) in porcine intestinal epithelial J2 cells infected with an emerging ETEC strain isolated from weaned pigs with diarrhea. Under the criteria of |fold change| (FC) ≥ 2 and P < 0.05 with false discovery rate < 0.05, a total of 131 referenced and 19 novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after ETEC infection, including 96 upregulated DEGs and 54 downregulated DEGs. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs showed that ETEC evoked BP specifically involved in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that immune response-related pathways were mainly enriched in J2 cells after ETEC infection, in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 17, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways possessed the highest rich factor, followed by nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRs), C-type lectin receptor (CLR), cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, and Toll-like receptor (TLR), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, 30 of 131 referenced DEGs, especially the nuclear transcription factor AP-1 and NF-κB, participate in the immune response to infection through an integral signal cascade and can be target molecules for prevention and control of enteric ETEC infection by probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. Our data provide a comprehensive insight into the immune response of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to ETEC infection and advance the identification of targets for prevention and control of ETEC-related PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Defeng Cui
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Chao
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjian Su
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyu Xu
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Srikanth K, Lee E, Kwan A, Lim Y, Lee J, Jang G, Chung H. Transcriptome analysis and identification of significantly differentially expressed genes in Holstein calves subjected to severe thermal stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:1993-2008. [PMID: 28900747 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-Seq analysis was used to characterize transcriptome response of Holstein calves to thermal stress. A total of eight animals aged between 2 and 3 months were randomly selected and subjected to thermal stress corresponding to a temperature humidity index of 95 in an environmentally controlled house for 12 h consecutively for 3 days. A set of 15,787 unigenes were found to be expressed and after a threshold of threefold change, and a Q value <0.05; 502, 394, and 376 genes were found to be differentially expressed on days 1, 2, and 3 out of which 343, 261 and 256 genes were upregulated and 159, 133, and 120 genes were downregulated. Only 356 genes out of these were expressed on all 3 days, and only they were considered as significantly differentially expressed. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that ten pathways were significantly enriched; the top two among them were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and MAPK signaling pathways. These results suggest that thermal stress triggered a complex response in Holstein calves and the animals adjusted their physiological and metabolic processes to survive. Many of the genes identified in this study have not been previously reported to be involved in thermal stress response. The results of this study extend our understanding of the animal's response to thermal stress and some of the identified genes may prove useful in the efforts to breed Holstein cattle with superior thermotolerance, which might help in minimizing production loss due to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Srikanth
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, K & P road, Iseo, Wanju, JB, 55365, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, K & P road, Iseo, Wanju, JB, 55365, South Korea
| | - Anam Kwan
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, K & P road, Iseo, Wanju, JB, 55365, South Korea
| | - Youngjo Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, K & P road, Iseo, Wanju, JB, 55365, South Korea
| | - Junyep Lee
- Environmental Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, K & P road, Iseo, Wanju, JB, 55365, South Korea
| | - Gulwon Jang
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, K & P road, Iseo, Wanju, JB, 55365, South Korea
| | - Hoyoung Chung
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500, K & P road, Iseo, Wanju, JB, 55365, South Korea.
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Wiemhoefer A, Stargardt A, van der Linden WA, Renner MC, van Kesteren RE, Stap J, Raspe MA, Tomkinson B, Kessels HW, Ovaa H, Overkleeft HS, Florea B, Reits EA. Tripeptidyl Peptidase II Mediates Levels of Nuclear Phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2177-93. [PMID: 26041847 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.043331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2) is a serine peptidase involved in various biological processes, including antigen processing, cell growth, DNA repair, and neuropeptide mediated signaling. The underlying mechanisms of how a peptidase can influence this multitude of processes still remain unknown. We identified rapid proteomic changes in neuroblastoma cells following selective TPP2 inhibition using the known reversible inhibitor butabindide, as well as a new, more potent, and irreversible peptide phosphonate inhibitor. Our data show that TPP2 inhibition indirectly but rapidly decreases the levels of active, di-phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 in the nucleus, thereby down-regulating signal transduction downstream of growth factors and mitogenic stimuli. We conclude that TPP2 mediates many important cellular functions by controlling ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation. For instance, we show that TPP2 inhibition of neurons in the hippocampus leads to an excessive strengthening of synapses, indicating that TPP2 activity is crucial for normal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wiemhoefer
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre- University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Stargardt
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre- University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A van der Linden
- §Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5324
| | - Maria C Renner
- ¶Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- ‖Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stap
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre- University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Raspe
- **Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Tomkinson
- ‡‡Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- ¶Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- **Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- §§Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan Florea
- §§Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A Reits
- From the ‡Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre- University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Zhou C, Liu Z, Jiang J, Yu Y, Zhang Q. Differential gene expression profiling of porcine epithelial cells infected with three enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:330. [PMID: 22823589 PMCID: PMC3472312 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria causing severe diarrhoea in human and pigs. In ETEC strains, the fimbrial types F4 and F18 are commonly found differently colonized within the small intestine and cause huge economic losses in the swine industry annually worldwide. To address the underlying mechanism, we performed a transcriptome study of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) with and without infection of three representative ETEC strains. Results A total 2443, 3493 and 867 differentially expressed genes were found in IPEC-J2 cells infected with F4ab ETEC (CF4ab), with F4ac ETEC (CF4ac) and with F18ac ETEC (CF18ac) compared to the cells without infection (control), respectively. The number of differentially expressed genes between CF4ab and CF4ac, CF4ab and CF18ac, and CF4ac and CF18ac were 77, 1446 and 1629, respectively. The gene ontology and pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in CF4abvs control are significantly involved in cell-cycle progress and amino acid metabolism, while the clustered terms of the differentially expressed genes in CF4acvs control comprise immune, inflammation and wounding response and apoptosis as well as cell cycle progress and proteolysis. Differentially expressed genes between CF18acvs control are mainly involved in cell-cycle progression and immune response. Furthermore, fundamental differences were observed in expression levels of immune-related genes among the three ETEC treatments, especially for the important pro-inflammatory molecules, including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CCL20, CXCL2 etc. Conclusions The discovery in this study provides insights into the interaction of porcine intestinal epithelial cells with F4 ETECs and F18 ETEC, respectively. The genes induced by ETECs with F4 versus F18 fimbriae suggest why ETEC with F4 may be more virulent compared to F18 which seems to elicit milder effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
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