1
|
Abdelsalam HM. GABA Administration Ameliorates the Toxicity of Doxorubicin on CSF and the Brain of Albino Rats. Ann Neurosci 2024; 31:12-20. [PMID: 38584977 PMCID: PMC10996873 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231161911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain and is a non-proteinogenic amino acid. Doxorubcin (DOX) or adriamycin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer. Purpose This study focused on diminishing the brain injury and neurotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) by GABA administration. Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 rats each), which were the control group, DOX group (3 mg/kg for 4 weeks, then 2 mg/kg for 2 weeks), GABA group (2 mg/kg for 21 days), and DOX + GABA group (treated as the second and third groups). Neurotoxicity and brain injury were assessed by determining CSF biomarkers, serum inflammatory markers, and histopathological evaluation of the cerebral cortex. Results DOX treatment significantly increased the levels of all CSF biomarkers (S100B, IL-1β, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), spectrin breakdown products (SBDP145), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and all inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), causing extensive neutrophilic infiltration and great alteration in the cerebral cortex architecture as evidence of neurotoxicity. The oral administration of GABA significantly reduced the levels of all CSF biomarkers and inflammatory markers and restored the normal architecture of the cerebral cortex, with observed ameliorations in neutrophilic infiltration. Conclusion GABA administration can ameliorate neurotoxicity and protect the brain against the negative effects of DOX treatment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tavakkoli Z, Salehi MS, Jameie F, Rahimi M, Koohpeyma F, Dianatpour M, Miyan JA, Pandamooz S. Simple methods for cerebrospinal fluid collection in fetal, neonatal, and adult rat. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 399:109971. [PMID: 37722626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection and its analysis are common medical practices useful in the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In recent years, several types of research have improved our insight into CSF and its role in health and disease. Yet, many characteristics of this fluid remain to be fully understood. NEW METHODS Here, we describe how to collect CSF from embryonic, postnatal, and adult stages of the rat. In adults, CSF can be collected through simple stereotaxic surgery to expose the membrane overlying the cisterna magna (CM) of an anesthetized rat and collection of CSF through micropipette puncture through the membrane. In embryos and pups, CSF is aspirated, using a fire-polished micro-capillary pipette, from the CM of animals. RESULTS Application of these methods provides the maximum volume of pure, uncontaminated CSF (embryonic day 19: 10-15 microliter, postnatal day 5: 20-30 microliter, adults: 100-200 microliter) with a success rate of approximately 95% in every age. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to the existing protocols, these methods obtain considerable volumes of CSF, which may accelerate the measurement of biological markers in this fluid. Also, these techniques do not require surgical skills and according to the practical points mentioned during sampling, the procedures can be performed in rapid fashion. CONCLUSION We describe simple methods for collecting CSF in live rats. These protocols provide clean, uncontaminated CSF for experiments to understand the exact role of this fluid in the development and maintenance of the CNS health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tavakkoli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jameie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moosa Rahimi
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Student Research Committee, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT. United Kingdom.
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Helfer VE, Dias BB, Lock GDA, Tomaszewski CA, Barnet LS, Barreto F, Zavascki AP, de Araújo BV, Dalla Costa T. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Free Plasma and Free Brain Concentrations of Ceftaroline in Healthy and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Wistar Rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0038223. [PMID: 37367389 PMCID: PMC10353457 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00382-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe alterations in ceftaroline brain disposition caused by meningitis in healthy and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected rats. Blood and brain microdialysate samples were obtained after a single bolus dose of ceftaroline fosamil (20 mg/kg) administered intravenously. Plasma data were modeled as one compartment, and brain data were added to the model as a second compartment, with bidirectional drug transport between plasma and brain (Qin and Qout). The cardiac output (CO) of the animals showed a significant correlation with the relative recovery (RR) of plasma microdialysis probes, with animals with greater CO presenting lower RR values. The Qin was approximately 60% higher in infected animals, leading to greater brain exposure to ceftaroline. Ceftaroline brain penetration was influenced by MRSA infection, increasing from 17% (Qin/Qout) in healthy animals to 27% in infected animals. Simulations of a 2-h intravenous infusion of 50 mg/kg every 8 h achieved >90% probability of target attainment (PTA) in plasma and brain for the modal MRSA MIC (0.25 mg/L), suggesting that the drug should be considered an option for treating central nervous system infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victória Etges Helfer
- Pharmacokinetics and PK/PD Modeling Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bernar Dias
- Pharmacokinetics and PK/PD Modeling Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Graziela de Araújo Lock
- Pharmacokinetics and PK/PD Modeling Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiano Barreto
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P. Zavascki
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Verlindo de Araújo
- Pharmacokinetics and PK/PD Modeling Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Teresa Dalla Costa
- Pharmacokinetics and PK/PD Modeling Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakamura N, Ushida T, Onoda A, Ueda K, Miura R, Suzuki T, Katsuki S, Mizutani H, Yoshida K, Tano S, Iitani Y, Imai K, Hayakawa M, Kajiyama H, Sato Y, Kotani T. Altered offspring neurodevelopment in an L-NAME-induced preeclampsia rat model. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1168173. [PMID: 37520045 PMCID: PMC10373593 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1168173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate the mechanism underlying the increased risk of subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders in children born to mothers with preeclampsia, we evaluated the neurodevelopment of offspring of a preeclampsia rat model induced by the administration of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and identified unique protein signatures in the offspring cerebrospinal fluid. Methods Pregnant rats received an intraperitoneal injection of L-NAME (250 mg/kg/day) during gestational days 15-20 to establish a preeclampsia model. Behavioral experiments (negative geotaxis, open-field, rotarod treadmill, and active avoidance tests), immunohistochemistry [anti-neuronal nuclei (NeuN) staining in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and cerebral cortex on postnatal day 70], and proteome analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid on postnatal day 5 were performed on male offspring. Results Offspring of the preeclampsia dam exhibited increased growth restriction at birth (52.5%), but showed postnatal catch-up growth on postnatal day 14. Several behavioral abnormalities including motor development and vestibular function (negative geotaxis test: p < 0.01) in the neonatal period; motor coordination and learning skills (rotarod treadmill test: p = 0.01); and memory skills (active avoidance test: p < 0.01) in the juvenile period were observed. NeuN-positive cells in preeclampsia rats were significantly reduced in both the hippocampal dentate gyrus and cerebral cortex (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Among the 1270 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 32 were differentially expressed. Principal component analysis showed that most cerebrospinal fluid samples achieved clear separation between preeclampsia and control rats. Pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins were associated with endoplasmic reticulum translocation, Rab proteins, and ribosomal proteins, which are involved in various nervous system disorders including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion The offspring of the L-NAME-induced preeclampsia model rats exhibited key features of neurodevelopmental abnormalities on behavioral and pathological examinations similar to humans. We found altered cerebrospinal fluid protein profiling in this preeclampsia rat, and the unique protein signatures related to endoplasmic reticulum translocation, Rab proteins, and ribosomal proteins may be associated with subsequent adverse neurodevelopment in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ushida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Reproduction and Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuto Onoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ueda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miura
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Katsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidesuke Mizutani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukako Iitani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kotani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Reproduction and Perinatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Hypothermia and Allopurinol on Oxidative Status in a Rat Model of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101523. [PMID: 34679658 PMCID: PMC8533154 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality during the neonatal period, despite treatment with hypothermia. There is evidence that oxidative damage plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Our aim was to investigate whether postnatal allopurinol administration in combination with hypothermia would reduce oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in an animal model of HIE. Postnatal 10-day rat pups underwent unilateral HI of moderate severity. Pups were randomized into: Sham operated, hypoxic-ischemic (HI), HI + allopurinol (HIA), HI + hypothermia (HIH), and HI + hypothermia + allopurinol (HIHA). Biomarkers of OS and antioxidants were evaluated: GSH/GSSG ratio and carbonyl groups were tested in plasma. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was analyzed in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α was measured in brain tissue. Plasma 2,2′–azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) levels were preserved in those groups that received allopurinol and dual therapy. In cerebrospinal fluid, only the HIA group presented normal ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) levels. Protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced in all groups treated with hypothermia and allopurinol, thus enhancing neuroprotection in HIE.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lim H, Lee J, You B, Oh JH, Mok HJ, Kim YS, Yoon BE, Kim BG, Back SK, Park JS, Kim KP, Schnaar RL, Lee SJ. GT1b functions as a novel endogenous agonist of toll-like receptor 2 inducing neuropathic pain. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102214. [PMID: 32030804 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord microglia contribute to nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. We have previously demonstrated that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling is critical for nerve injury-induced activation of spinal cord microglia, but the responsible endogenous TLR2 agonist has not been identified. Here, we show that nerve injury-induced upregulation of sialyltransferase St3gal2 in sensory neurons leads to an increase in expression of the sialylated glycosphingolipid, GT1b. GT1b ganglioside is axonally transported to the spinal cord dorsal horn and contributes to characteristics of neuropathic pain such as mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal cord GT1b functions as an TLR2 agonist and induces proinflammatory microglia activation and central sensitization. Pharmacological inhibition of GT1b synthesis attenuates nerve injury-induced spinal cord microglia activation and pain hypersensitivity. Thus, the St3gal2-GT1b-TLR2 axis may offer a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungsub Lim
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, BK21-Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaesung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, BK21-Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byunghyun You
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, BK21-Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jun Mok
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Department of Brain Science and Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Keun Back
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sung Joong Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, BK21-Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borjini N, Sivilia S, Giuliani A, Fernandez M, Giardino L, Facchinetti F, Calzà L. Potential biomarkers for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration at short and long term after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic insult in rat. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:194. [PMID: 31660990 PMCID: PMC6819609 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy causes life-long morbidity and premature mortality in term neonates. Therapies in addition to whole-body cooling are under development to treat the neonate at risk for HI encephalopathy, but are not a quickly measured serum inflammatory or neuronal biomarkers to rapidly and accurately identify brain injury in order to follow the efficacy of therapies. METHODS In order to identify potential biomarkers for early inflammatory and neurodegenerative events after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, both male and female Wistar rat pups at postnatal day 7 (P7) were used and had their right carotid artery permanently doubly occluded and exposed to 8% oxygen for 90 min. Sensory and cognitive parameters were assessed by open field, rotarod, CatWalk, and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Plasma and CSF biomarkers were investigated on the acute (24 h and 72 h) and chronic phase (4 weeks). Brains were assessed for gene expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR Array. RESULTS We found a delay of neurological reflex maturation in HI rats. We observed anxiolytic-like baseline behavior in males more than females following HI injury. HI rats held on the rotarod for a shorter time comparing to sham. HI injury impaired spatial learning ability on MWM test. The CatWalk assessment demonstrated a long-term deficit in gait parameters related to the hind paw. Proinflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6 in plasma and CCL2 and TNF-α in CSF showed an upregulation at 24 h after HI while other cytokines, such as IL-17A and CCL5, were upregulated after 72 h in CSF. At 24 h post-injury, we observed an increase of Edn1, Hif1-α, and Mmp9 mRNA levels in the ipsilateral vs the contralateral hemisphere of HI rats. An upregulation of genes involved with clotting and hematopoietic processes was observed 72 h post-injury. CONCLUSIONS Our work showed that, in the immature brain, the HI injury induced an early increased production of several proinflammatory mediators detectable in plasma and CSF, followed by tissue damage in the hypoxic hemisphere and short-term as well as long-lasting neurobehavioral deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Borjini
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy. .,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy. .,IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Sandra Sivilia
- IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Corporate Pre-clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Largo Belloli 11/A, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abrantes De Lacerda Almeida T, Santos MV, Da Silva Lopes L, Goel G, Leonardo De Freitas R, De Medeiros P, Crippa JA, Machado HR. Intraperitoneal cannabidiol attenuates neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage-induced neuroinflamation and perilesional apoptosis. Neurol Res 2019; 41:980-990. [PMID: 31378168 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1651487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background. As the survival of preterm infants has increased significantly, germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) has become an important public health issue. Nevertheless, treatment strategies for the direct neuronal injury are still scarce. The present study aims to analyze the neuroprotective properties of cannabidiol in germinal matrix hemorrhage. Methods. 112 Wistar rat pups (P7) were submitted to an experimental collagenase induced model of GMH. Inflammatory response and neuronal death were analyzed both at the perilesional area as at the distant ipsilateral CA1 hippocampal area. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP and caspase 3 was used. The ipsilateral free water content was assessed for stimation of cerebral edema, and neurodevelopment and neurofunctional tests were conducted. Results. Reduction of reactive astrocytosis was observed both in the perilesional area 24 hours and 14 days after the hemorrhage lesion (p < 0.001) and in the Stratum oriens of the ipsilateral hippocampal CA1 14 days after the hemorrhage lesion (p < 0.05) in the treated groups. Similarly, there was a reduction in the number of Caspase 3-positive astrocytes in the perilesional area in the treated groups 24 hours after the hemorrhage lesion (p < 0.001). Finally, we found a significant increase in the weight of the rats treated with cannabidiol. Conclusion. The treatment of GMH with cannabidiol significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells and reactive astrocytes in the perilesional area and the ipsilateral hippocampus. In addition, this response was sustained 14 days after the hemorrhage. These results corroborate our hypothesis that cannabidiol is a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of germinal matrix hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timóteo Abrantes De Lacerda Almeida
- Pediatric neurosurgery division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil.,Division of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Marcelo Volpon Santos
- Pediatric neurosurgery division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Luiza Da Silva Lopes
- Department of surgery and anatomy, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Division of neurosurgery, University of California San Diego , San Diego , USA
| | - Renato Leonardo De Freitas
- Laboratory of neuroscience for pain and emotions,Department of surgery and anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto,Brazil
| | - Priscila De Medeiros
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- Department of psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens Machado
- Pediatric neurosurgery division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barten DM, Cadelina GW, Weed MR. Dosing, collection, and quality control issues in cerebrospinal fluid research using animal models. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:47-64. [PMID: 29110779 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a complex fluid filling the ventricular system and surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Although the bulk of CSF is created by the choroid plexus, a significant fraction derives from the interstitial fluid in the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. For this reason, CSF can often be used as a source of pharmacodynamic and prognostic biomarkers to reflect biochemical changes occurring within the brain. For instance, CSF biomarkers can be used to diagnose and track progression of disease as well as understand pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships in clinical trials. To facilitate the use of these biomarkers in humans, studies in preclinical species are often valuable. This review summarizes methods for preclinical CSF collection for biomarkers from mice, rats, and nonhuman primates. In addition, dosing directly into CSF is increasingly being used to improve drug levels in the brain. Therefore, this review also summarizes the state of the art in CSF dosing in these preclinical species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Barten
- Genetically Defined Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, United States
| | - Gregory W Cadelina
- Genetically Defined Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, United States
| | - Michael R Weed
- Genetically Defined Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, United States; RxGen, Inc, New Haven, CT, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Liu H, Yang Y. Magnesium sulfate attenuates brain edema by lowering AQP4 expression and inhibits glia-mediated neuroinflammation in a rodent model of eclampsia. Behav Brain Res 2017; 364:403-412. [PMID: 29288747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eclampsia is characterized by high morbidity and mortality wordwide. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used frequently as a prophylaxis for eclamptic seizure in clinical settings. However, the underlying mechanism is less studied, we have previously demonstrated that MgSO4 pretreatment decreases eclampsia-like seizure threshold. Here, we further evaluated the hypothesis that MgSO4 exert neuroprotective actions in eclampsia-like rats model by ameliorating neuroinflammation and brain edema. In this study, the eclampsia-like model was established by administering lipopolysaccharide plus pentylenetetrazol in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were given MgSO4 from gestation day14-19. Then, Iba-1 (a marker for microglia) and S100-B (a marker for astrocytes) expression levels in the hippocampus CA3 region were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by Luminex assays. Aquaporin-4 (a transmembrane water channel protein) expression levels in cortex were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Astrocyte and microglia expressions were detected by immunofluorescence, neuronal damage were evaluated by Nissl staining, and changes in neuronal number in the hippocampal CA3 region (CA3) among different groups were detected by neuronal nuclei staining. Our results demonstrated that MgSO4 effectively attenuated astrocyte and microglia activation and promoted the neuronal survival in the CA3. Additionally, MgSO4 significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines response in the CSF, and decreased the expression of AQP-4 protein in the cortex. Collectively, the findings of this study indicated that MgSO4 has a neuroprotective role in eclampsia-like seizure rats through its anti-neuroninflammatory and brain edema-attenuating properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brégère C, Fisch U, Sailer MH, Lieb WS, Chicha L, Goepfert F, Kremer T, Guzman R. Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rat increases doublecortin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1758-1767. [PMID: 28548285 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein widely used as an indicator of neurogenesis in immunohistochemical analyses of the postmortem adult brain. A recent study reported that DCX can be quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from healthy rats between postnatal day 0 (P0) and P30. However, it is currently unclear whether the concentration of DCX in the CSF (CSF-DCX) may represent a measure of endogenous neurogenesis. To address this question, this study examined the impact of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, known to induce neurogenesis, on CSF-DCX. HI was elicited at P7 in Sprague-Dawley rat neonates, and CSF was collected serially from the cisterna magna at P5 and P10, or at P10 and P15. A sandwich immunoassay was used to measure CSF-DCX. Brains from P10 neonates were analyzed immunohistochemically for neurogenesis and cell death markers. Mean CSF-DCX was significantly higher in HI- than in sham-exposed animals, at both P10 and P15. In the HI group at P10, CSF-DCX and stroke severity correlated positively. DCX immunoreactivity was increased in the ipsilateral neurogenic niches from the P10 HI brains in comparison with that of shams. The number of proliferative DCX-positive cells was higher in the ipsilateral hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) than in the HI contralateral or sham SGZ. Thus, neonatal HI brain injury disrupts the developmental time-course of DCX levels in the CSF. Our data suggest that the increased concentration of DCX in the CSF after neonatal HI is the result of both cellular injury and increased neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Brégère
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fisch
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang S Lieb
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Chicha
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Goepfert
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Han X, Yang J, Bao J, Di X, Zhang G, Liu H. Magnesium Sulfate Provides Neuroprotection in Eclampsia-Like Seizure Model by Ameliorating Neuroinflammation and Brain Edema. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7938-7948. [PMID: 27878553 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is defined by the new onset of grand mal seizures on the basis of preeclampsia and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. Presently, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is the most effective treatment, but the mechanism by which MgSO4 prevents eclampsia has yet to be fully elucidated. We previously showed that systemic inflammation decreases the seizure threshold in a rat eclampsia-like model, and MgSO4 treatment can decrease systemic inflammation. Here, we hypothesized that MgSO4 plays a neuroprotective role in eclampsia by reducing neuroinflammation and brain edema. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol following a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharide to establish the eclampsia-like seizure model. Seizure activity was assessed by behavioral testing. Neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) was detected by Nissl staining. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of S100-B and ferritin, indicators of neuroinflammation, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and ionized calcium binder adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1, a marker for microglia) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP, a marker for astrocytes) expression in the CA1 area was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Brain edema was measured. Our results revealed that MgSO4 effectively attenuated seizure severity and CA1 neuronal loss. In addition, MgSO4 significantly reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of S100-B and ferritin, Iba-1 and GFAP activation in the CA1 area, and brain edema. Our results indicate that MgSO4 plays a neuroprotective role against eclampsia-like seizure by reducing neuroinflammation and brain edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xinjia Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Jinying Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Junjie Bao
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiaodan Di
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Huishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| |
Collapse
|