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Soodi O, Hesari E, Hojjatifard R, Seyedifar M. Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Pharmacist Counselling Services and the Factors Affecting It in Community Pharmacies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e132736. [PMID: 38116550 PMCID: PMC10728831 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-132736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Community pharmacists play an important role in improving outcome by providing advice and counselling services to patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to measure the willingness to pay (WTP) for pharmacist counselling services in community pharmacies and identify determinant factors on consumers' WTP. Methods A self-administered questionnaire-based survey was conducted in community pharmacies in Tehran (capital of Iran) from January 1, 2020 to February 20, 2021. Contingent valuation method was applied to evaluate respondents' maximum WTP using three hypothetical scenarios illustrating different levels of counselling services. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between different variables and WTP for pharmacy services. Results Total number of participants who completed the questionnaire were 332 and 60% of the participants were male. In the first scenario 70.2% of participants were willing to pay for oral counselling pharmacy services. In the second and third scenario, percentage of people willing to pay increased to 79.5%. and 86.1%, respectively. In the first scenario, monthly income (OR = 0.041, P value = 0.04), the duration of underlying illness (OR = 0.04, P value = 0.04) and the using internet (OR = 2.59, P value = 2.59) had a statistically significant relationship with willingness to pay. In the third scenario, the willingness to pay increased as the age decreased. The possibility of using the internet (OR = 3.32, P value = 0.00) and the need for a community pharmacist (OR = 2.19, P value = 0.03) increased the chance of willingness to pay. Conclusions More consumers are willing to pay for more pharmacist counselling services. Therefore, improving the quality of counselling services could have positive economic effects on community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Soodi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Hesari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hojjatifard
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Seyedifar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Management and Economic Research Center, the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Painter JT, Gressler L, Kathe N, Slabaugh SL, Blumenschein K. Consumer willingness to pay for pharmacy services: An updated review of the literature. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 14:1091-1105. [PMID: 29398405 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying the value of pharmacy services is imperative for the profession as it works to establish an expanded role within evolving health care systems. The literature documents the work that many have contributed toward meeting this goal. To date, however, the preponderance of evidence evaluates the value of pharmacist services to third-party payers; few published studies address the value that consumers place on these services. OBJECTIVES In 1999, a review of studies that used the contingent valuation method to value pharmacy services was published. The objective of this manuscript is to provide an update of that review. METHODS Relevant studies published in the English language were identified searching MEDLINE, ECONLIT and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases from January 1999 to November 2017. Only studies that specifically elicited willingness to pay for a community pharmacist provided service from actual or potential consumers were included. RESULTS Thirty-one studies using the contingent valuation method to value pharmacy services were identified using the search strategy outlined. These studies included surveys in different demographic and geographic populations and valuing various pharmacy services. CONCLUSIONS Improving the quality of studies using contingent valuation to value pharmacy services will aid the profession in marketing pharmacy services to consumers, and may assist practitioners who wish to implement various pharmacy services in their practice settings. A limited number of studies have been conducted, but the quality of contingent valuation studies valuing pharmacist services is improving. Understanding the pharmacy services that consumers value, and understanding the level of their monetary willingness to pay for those services will be crucial as the profession continues to work toward establishing a sustainable and economically viable role within the evolving health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Painter
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation & Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Laura Gressler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation & Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Niranjan Kathe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation & Policy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Lane Slabaugh
- Competitive Health Analytics, Inc., Humana, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Karen Blumenschein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
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Lakić D, Stević I, Odalović M, Vezmar-Kovačević S, Tadić I. Patients' willingness to pay for cognitive pharmacist services in community pharmacies. Croat Med J 2017; 58:364-371. [PMID: 29094815 PMCID: PMC5733379 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the general population willingness to pay for cognitive pharmacist service in community pharmacy, describe the behavior of participants regarding health care issues, and evaluate correlation between participants' sociodemographic characteristics or attitudes and their willingness to pay. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among general population visiting community pharmacies. The participants were asked about receiving cognitive pharmacist services to identify and resolve potential medication therapy problems after the initiation of a new medicine to optimize health outcomes of the patients. A univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze associations between different variables and willingness to pay for pharmacy service. RESULTS Of 444 respondents, 167 (38%) reported that they were willing to pay for a medication management service provided in the community pharmacy. Univariate analysis showed significant association between the willingness to pay for pharmacist-provided service and respondents' socio-demographic factors, health-related characteristics, and behavior, dilemmas, or need for certain pharmacist-provided service. The logistic regression model was statistically significant (χ2=4.599, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The respondents expressed their willingness to pay for cognitive pharmacist services, which has not been fully recognized within the health care system. In future, pharmacists should focus on practical implementation of the service and models of funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Lakić
- Dragana Lakić, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 450 Vojvode Stepe Street, 11221 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia,
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Kang J, Rhew K, Oh JM, Han N, Lee IH, Je NK, Ji E, Lee E, Yoon JH, Rhie SJ. Satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services and challenges recognized by patients in South Korea. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11:1381-1388. [PMID: 28860721 PMCID: PMC5565375 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s141562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the degree of satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services in patients with chronic diseases and explore the factors related to the needs from patients' perspectives for the further development of pharmaceutical care service models. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 220 patients (mean age ± SD: 61.3±13.1, male:female: 104:116) was conducted. The questionnaire was structured to measure patients' degree of satisfaction and expressed needs using a 5-point Likert scale. Additionally, preferred duration, methods of service delivery, and willingness to pay were surveyed. Responses were analyzed using an ordinal regression method to predict factors that were related to pharmaceutical care services. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients had experienced pharmaceutical care services. Their satisfaction levels were high in all categories; however, there were no significant differences between categories. The levels of expressed needs were similar among categories without significant differences. The preferred delivery method was a face-to-face conversation combined with being provided with written information (53.2%). The preferred duration was ≤10 min (70.5%). About 48% of the patients showed willingness to pay for the service. Education level and region influenced patients' needs. CONCLUSION The satisfaction and needs of pharmaceutical care services was very positive; however, noticing only a third of patients experienced pharmaceutical care services, this may indicate a lack of awareness and less appreciation of pharmacists by patients. Details concerning patients' awareness and the value of pharmaceutical care services require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyon Rhew
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - NaYoung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iyn-Hyang Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 5534 3775, Fax +82 51 513 6754, Email
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Sandy Jeong Rhie, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 3371 3882, Fax +82 2 3277 2851, Email
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Woelfel JA, Carr-Lopez SM, Delos Santos M, Bui A, Patel RA, Walberg MP, Galal SM. Assessing Medicare Beneficiaries' Willingness-to-Pay for Medication Therapy Management Services. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 29:104-9. [DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Huston SA, Kucukarslan S, Patel HK, Sogol EM, Ried LD, Sansgiry SS. Expanding Consumer Medication Access: The Time Is Now. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2013; 47:183-189. [DOI: 10.1177/2168479012460757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ried LD, Huston SA, Kucukarslan SN, Sogol EM, Schafermeyer KW, Sansgiry SS. Risks, benefits, and issues in creating a behind-the-counter category of medications. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2011; 51:26-39. [PMID: 21247824 DOI: 10.1331/japha.2011.10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the issues surrounding the development and implementation of a behind-the-counter (BTC) category of medications. DATA SOURCES Testimony from organizations submitting comments to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) panel hearings in November 2007, the 2009 final report of the U. S. General Accounting Office regarding a BTC drug category, literature review of research that has been conducted, experiences from other countries, and publically available information from agencies in charge of regulating medications similar to BTC. SUMMARY Based on evidence attained from the current work, the following six recommendations regarding a BTC category of medications are provided. (1) Demonstration needs to occur that the risks and/or costs of BTC are outweighed by benefits, positive measurable outcomes, and financial savings to society. (2) Sufficient resources, including personnel, equipment, and facilities, need to be available for the appropriate provision of BTC services and to ensure ongoing monitoring and controls. (3) An appropriate compensation structure needs to be developed. (4) Encounters and outcomes should be documented in an electronic record, the information should be shared with other health care providers involved in patients' care, and interprofessional collaboration and communication should occur. (5) Criteria for designating candidates for transition, ongoing review for safety, and reverse transition must be developed. (6) Applicable lessons learned from other countries should be incorporated into BTC strategies. In addition to implementation recommendations, we also summarize additional evidence that needs to be gathered to optimize the BTC model. CONCLUSION Based on the accumulated evidence, comments to FDA's request, and information from other countries, implementation of a BTC model probably is feasible in the United States. However, the optimal model remains uncertain and various aspects of a program need to be prioritized and rigorously tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Douglas Ried
- College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA.
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Friedrich M, Zgarrick D, Masood A, Montuoro J. Patients' needs and interests in a self-pay medication therapy management service. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2010; 50:72-7. [DOI: 10.1331/japha.2010.08126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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