1
|
Yoo D, Yang S, Kim H, Moon J, Seo J. Effects of the Use of Rice Grain on Growth Performances, Blood Metabolites, Rumen Fermentation, and Rumen Microbial Community in Fattening Hanwoo Steers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2988. [PMID: 37760388 PMCID: PMC10525799 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the influence of rice grain in the total mixed ration (TMR) on the growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbial community of fattening Hanwoo steers. Two experimental diets were prepared: (i) a TMR containing 33% dry matter (DM) corn grains (Corn TMR) and (ii) a TMR containing 33% DM rice grains (Rice TMR). Twenty-two Hanwoo steers (body weight [BW], 498 ± 32 kg; months, 17 ± 0.5) were distributed into two treatment groups in a completely randomized block design according to BW. The Rice TMR group had a higher final BW and DM intake (DMI) compared to those in the Corn TMR group (p < 0.01). However, no difference was observed in the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the two treatments. For the rumen fermentation parameters, the molar portion of butyrate in the Rice TMR was higher than in the Corn TMR (p < 0.01). Streptococcus bovis tended to be higher in the Rice TMR (p = 0.09). The results of this study suggest that using rice grain as the primary starch source in TMRs may be an alternative option for fattening Hanwoo steers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.); (S.Y.); (H.K.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoo D, Kim H, Moon J, Kim J, Kim H, Seo J. Effects of Red Ginseng Byproducts on Rumen Fermentation, Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, and mRNA Expression of Heat Shock Proteins in Heat-Stressed Fattening Hanwoo Steers. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050220. [PMID: 35622748 PMCID: PMC9143152 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with red ginseng byproduct (RGB) on rumen fermentation, growth performance, blood metabolites, and mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) in fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress. Two experimental total mixed rations (TMR) were prepared: (1) a TMR meeting the requirement of fattening beef having an average daily gain (ADG) 0.8 kg/day (CON) and (2) a TMR that included 2% RGB on a dry matter (DM) basis (GINSENG). In vitro rumen fermentation and in vivo growth experiments were conducted using two experimental diets. A total of 22 Hanwoo steers were distributed to two treatments (CON vs. GINSENG) in a completely randomized block design according to body weight (BW). The experiment was conducted during the summer season for five weeks. The final BW, ADG, DM intake, and feed conversion ratio did not differ between treatments in the growth trial. In the mRNA expression results, only HSP 90 showed an increasing tendency in the GINSENG group. The use of 2%DM RGB did not improve the growth performance or alleviate heat stress in fattening Hanwoo steers during the summer season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daekyum Yoo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (D.Y.); (H.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (D.Y.); (H.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Joonbeom Moon
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (D.Y.); (H.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Jongnam Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea;
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju-si 55365, Korea;
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (D.Y.); (H.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-350-5513
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tosta MR, Prates LL, Feng X, Rodríguez-Espinosa ME, Zhang H, Zhang W, Yu P. Research progress in structural and nutritional characterization and technologically processing impact on cool-season adapted oat and barley cereal kernels with wet chemistry and advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5130-5139. [PMID: 33612010 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1882380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to provide research progress and update on structural, physicochemical, nutritional characteristics and technologically processing impact on cool-season adapted oat and barley cereal kernels. The study focused on cool-season adapted oats grain production and nutrition in ruminant systems and strategies to improve the utilization of the oat grain through processing techniques. The updated evaluation methods and advanced molecular spectroscopy techniques to study molecular structures with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy were reviewed. This study summarizes the methods and provides a potential approach on how to use vibrational molecular spectroscopy to study molecular chemistry and molecular structure and molecular nutrition interaction of grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Tosta
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - L L Prates
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - X Feng
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - M E Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - W Zhang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nair J, Xu S, Smiley B, Yang HE, McAllister TA, Wang Y. Effects of inoculation of corn silage with Lactobacillus spp. or Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone or in combination on silage fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of growing beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4974-4986. [PMID: 31679029 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a novel silage inoculant containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 3 as a direct fed microbial (DFM) on the ensiling, aerobic stability, and nutrient digestibility of whole-crop corn silage and growth performance of beef cattle. Treatments included uninoculated corn silage (CON) or corn silage inoculated with a mixture of 1.1 × 105 cfu g-1 fresh forage Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri (INOC1) or 1.0 × 104 cfu g-1 fresh forage S. cerevisiae strain 3 (INOC2) or a mixture of INOC1 and INOC2 (INOC3). Silage in INOC1 had lower (P = 0.03) proportion of lactate, with acetate (Ac) proportion ranking as INOC1 > INOC3 > INOC2 (P < 0.01). In terminal silage, numbers of lactic acid bacteria were greater (P = 0.05) for INOC1 than CON and INOC2, while yeast counts tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for INOC2 than INOC3 on day 3 of aerobic exposure. Aerobic stability of corn silage was not impacted by inoculation with S. cerevisiae strain 3. Heifers fed INOC2 and INOC3 had lower (P < 0.01) ruminal Ac concentration than those fed CON. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, ADF, and NDF were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for heifers fed INOC2 than those fed CON. Growth performance was similar across treatments, excepting DMI as percent of BW tended to be lower (P = 0.08) for INOC2 steers compared to CON steers. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae strain 3 has potential as a component in a fourth generation DFM silage inoculant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishnan Nair
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge AB, Canada
| | - Shanwei Xu
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Brenda Smiley
- DuPont Pioneer, Forage Additive Research, Johnston, IA
| | - Hee-Eun Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge AB, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge AB, Canada
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Johnson J, Joy F, McKinnon J, Penner G. High-fibre high-lipid by-product pellets containing calcium oxide-treated oat hulls as a partial replacement for barley grain in finishing diets for beef cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of treating oat hulls with calcium oxide (CaO) prior to inclusion in a high-lipid by-product pellet (HLP) on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, and total-tract digestibility (Study 1) and growth performance (Study 2). In Study 1, six ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Study 2 used 210 steers in 21 pens in a 113 d finishing study. Dietary treatments for both studies included a barley-based control diet (CON), a diet where HLP partially replaced barley grain (NT-HLP), and a diet where HLP contained oat hulls treated with 7.5% CaO [dry matter (DM) basis; CaO-HLP]. For Study 1, DMI and ruminal pH were not affected. Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) were greater (P < 0.05) for CON than NT-HLP and CaO-HLP. In Study 2, final body weight tended to be greater for NT-HLP and CaO-HLP than CON (P = 0.065). For CaO-HLP and NT-HLP, DMI was greater than CON (P < 0.01), but average daily gain (ADG) (2.0 kg d−1) and gain:feed (G:F) (0.16 kg kg−1) were not different. Thus, HLP can partially replace barley grain in finishing diets without negatively affecting ruminal fermentation or growth performance, but treatment with CaO has no effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7H4L3, Canada
| | - F. Joy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7H4L3, Canada
| | - J.J. McKinnon
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7H4L3, Canada
| | - G.B. Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7H4L3, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nair J, Penner G, Yu P, (Bart) Lardner H, McAllister T, Damiran D, McKinnon J. Evaluation of canola meal derived from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility by feedlot heifers fed finishing diets. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Five yearling heifers (387 ± 6.5 kg) were utilized in a 5 × 5 Latin square to evaluate the substitution of canola meal (CM) derived from Brassica (B.) napus and B.juncea seed for barley grain on feed intake and nutrient utilization. The control diet (CONTROL) consisted of 88.3% barley grain, 4.4% barley silage, and 7.3% supplement [dry matter (DM) basis]. The four CM treatments included 10% and 20% B.napus or B.juncea meal, with CM replacing barley grain. Dry matter intake was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Total duration and area under rumen pH 5.8, 5.5, and 5.2 increased (P < 0.05) with greater inclusion of CM, regardless of type. Cattle fed 20% CM had elevated rumen ammonia-N concentration and urinary N excretion. Cattle fed B. juncea meal exhibited greater (P < 0.05) apparent nutrient digestibility compared with those fed B. napus meal. In conclusion, meal derived from B. napus or B. juncea can be used to replace barley grain at levels up to 20% (DM) in finishing diets without compromising rumen fermentation or total tract nutrient digestibility. However, animal performance and possible economic benefits need to be balanced against the increasing N excretion resulting from over-feeding protein to cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Nair
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A8, Canada
| | - G.B. Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A8, Canada
| | - P. Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A8, Canada
| | - H.A. (Bart) Lardner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A8, Canada
- Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, SK S0K 2A0, Canada
| | - T.A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - D. Damiran
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A8, Canada
- Western Beef Development Centre, Humboldt, SK S0K 2A0, Canada
| | - J.J. McKinnon
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|