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Saleem AM, Nyachiro J, Gomaa WMS, Yang W, Oatway L, McAllister TA. Effects of barley type and processing method on rumen fermentation, dry matter disappearance and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xia Y, Kong Y, Seviour R, Yang HE, Forster R, Vasanthan T, McAllister T. In situ identification and quantification of starch-hydrolyzing bacteria attached to barley and corn grain in the rumen of cows fed barley-based diets. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv077. [PMID: 26142428 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains rich in starch are widely used to meet the energy demands of high-producing beef and dairy cattle. Bacteria are important players in starch digestion in the rumen, and thus play an important role in the hydrolysis and fermentation of cereal grains. However, our understanding of the composition of the rumen starch-hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) is limited. In this study, BODIPY FL DQ starch staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative FISH were applied to label, identify and quantify SHB possessing active cell-surface-associated (CSA) α-amylase activity in the rumen of heifers fed barley-based diets. When individual cells of SHB with active CSA α-amylase activity were enumerated, they constituted 19-23% of the total bacterial cells attached to particles of four different cultivars of barley grain and corn. Quantitative FISH revealed that up to 70-80% of these SHB were members of Ruminococcaceae in the phylum Firmicutes but were not Streptococcus bovis, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinomonas amylolytica, Bifidobacterium spp. or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, all of whose amylolytic activities have been demonstrated previously in vitro. The proportion of barley grain in the diet had a large impact on the percentage abundance of total SHB and Ruminococcaceae SHB in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Key laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming 750021, China Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Yunhong Kong
- Key laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming 750021, China
| | - Robert Seviour
- Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3228, Australia
| | - Hee-Eun Yang
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Robert Forster
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Thavaratnam Vasanthan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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Zhao Y, Yan S, He Z, Anele U, Swift M, McAllister T, Yang W. Effects of volume weight, processing method and processing index of barley grain on in situ digestibility of dry matter and starch in beef heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Anele U, Refat B, Swift ML, He Z, Zhao Y, McAllister T, Yang W. Effects of bulk density, precision processing and processing index on in vitro ruminal fermentation of dry-rolled barley grain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang WZ, Oba M, McAllister TA. Quality and precision processing of barley grain affected intake and digestibility of dry matter in feedlot steers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yang, W. Z., Oba, M. and McAllister, T. A. 2013. Quality and precision processing of barley grain affected intake and digestibility of dry matter in feedlot steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 251–260. A study was conducted to determine the impact of barley quality and precision processing to account for the impact of variable kernel uniformity on ruminal pH and fermentation, and digestibility in the digestive tract of steers. Eight ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square experiment. The four diets consisted of light-weight barley (LB) precision-processed with roller setting based on kernel size; heavy-weight barley (HB) precision-processed; LB and HB grain mixed equal parts then processed at a single roller setting (CON); or LB and HB precision-processed and mixed equal parts (PP). The diets consisted of 10% barley silage and 90% concentrate [dry matter (DM) basis]. Dry matter intake by steers fed LB was greater (P=0.04) than by steers fed HB. Intakes of DM and other nutrients were greater (P=0.04) for steers fed PP than for steers fed CON. There were no differences (P>0.14) in ruminal pH and fermentation among treatments. Digestibility of DM in the total digestive tract tended (P=0.06) to be less with LB than with HB. Precision processing increased digestibility of crude proteion (P=0.04) and acid detergent fibre (P=0.06) resulting in a trend (P=0.10) towards increasing organic matter digestibility as compared with CON. The results suggest that screening of blended barley into more uniform fractions and precision processing of each fraction could increase intake of digestible nutrients for feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Z. Yang
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - M. Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5. Contribution no. 387–12033
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
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Schlau N, Duineveld L, Yang WZ, McAllister TA, Oba M. Precision processing barley grain did not affect productivity of lactating dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schlau, N., Duineveld, L., Yang, W. Z., McAllister, T. A. and Oba, M. 2013. Precision processing barley grain did not affect productivity of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 261–268. This study evaluated the effects of precision processing (PP; processing based on kernel size) barley grain on ruminal fermentation and productivity of lactating dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows, including eight ruminally cannulated cows, were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Diets contained light barley grain processed precisely using a narrow roller setting (LB), heavy barley processed precisely using a wide roller setting (HB), processed HB and LB mixed at equal proportions (PP), or equal parts of light and heavy barley grain processed at a single narrow roller setting (CON). All diets consisted of 40% barley grain, 40% barley silage, and 20% of a supplement premix. Comparisons were made between LB and HB to evaluate the effect of barley quality, and between PP and CON to evaluate the effect of precision processing. Dry matter intake, sorting index, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and nutrient digestibility were not affected by diet. In addition, milk yield and concentrations of milk fat, protein, and lactose were not different, although milk urea nitrogen concentration was greater for PP vs. CON and for LB vs. HB. These results suggest that precision processing barley grain based on kernel size may not drastically affect ruminal fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Schlau
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - L. Duineveld
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - W. Z. Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - M. Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
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