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Qian K, Tian X, Shao H, Ye J, Yao Y, Nair V, Qin A. Identification of novel B-cell epitope in gp85 of subgroup J avian leukosis virus and its application in diagnosis of disease. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:295. [PMID: 30257680 PMCID: PMC6158924 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gp85 is the main envelope protein of avian leukosis subgroup J (ALV-J) involved in virus neutralization. Here, we mapped the epitope in ALV-J gp85 by ELISA using synthetic peptides and developed epitope based diagnostic methods for ALV-J infection. Results The results revealed that monoclonal antibody (mAb) JE9 recognized 83WDPQEL88 motif, which was highly conserved in gp85 among different ALV-J strains by homology analysis. Moreover, after evaluation with two hundred and forty sera samples obtained from different chicken farms, the epitope-based peptide ELISA had much higher sensitivity than commercial ELISA kit for antibody detection of ALV-J. Conclusions A novel B-cell epitope recognized by the mAb JE9 was identified. The developed peptide-ELISA based on this novel B-cell epitope could be useful in laboratory viral diagnosis, routine surveillance in chicken farms, and also in understanding the pathogenesis of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- Avian Oncogenic Virus Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.,The UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, 169 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Oncogenic Virus Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.,The UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, 169 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Qian K, Kong ZR, Zhang J, Cheng XW, Wu ZY, Gu CX, Shao HX, Qin AJ. Baicalin is an inhibitor of subgroup J avian leukosis virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 248:63-70. [PMID: 29481814 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can cause great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Baicalin, one of the flavonoids present in S.baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to have antiviral activities. To investigate whether baicalin has antiviral effects on the infection of ALV-J in DF-1 cells, the cells were treated with baicalin at different time points. We found that baicalin could inhibit viral mRNA, protein levels and overall virus infection in a dose- and time-dependent manner using a variety of assays. Baicalin specifically targeted virus internalization and reduced the infectivity of ALV-J particles, but had no effect on the levels of major ALV-J receptor and virus binding to DF-1 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that baicalin might have potential to be developed as a novel antiviral agent for ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zheng-Ru Kong
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zong-Yi Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Cheng-Xi Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Ai-Jian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun Y, Du T, Liu B, Syed SF, Chen Y, Li H, Wang X, Zhang G, Zhou EM, Zhao Q. Seroprevalence of avian hepatitis E virus and avian leucosis virus subgroup J in chicken flocks with hepatitis syndrome, China. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:261. [PMID: 27876045 PMCID: PMC5120538 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background From 2014 to 2015 in China, many broiler breeder and layer hen flocks exhibited a decrease in egg production and some chickens developed hepatitis syndrome including hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage. Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) and avian leucosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) both cause decreasing in egg production, hepatomegaly and hepatic hemorrhage in broiler breeder and layer hens. In the study, the seroprevalence of avian HEV and ALV-J in these flocks emerging the disease from Shandong and Shaanxi provinces were investigated. Results A total of 1995 serum samples were collected from 14 flocks with hepatitis syndrome in Shandong and Shaanxi provinces, China. Antibodies against avian HEV and ALV-J in these serum samples were detected using iELISAs. The seroprevalence of anti-avian HEV antibodies (35.09%) was significantly higher than that of anti-ALV-J antibodies (2.16%) (p = 0.00). Moreover, the 43 serum samples positive for anti-ALV-J antibodies were all also positive for anti-avian HEV antibodies. In a comparison of both provinces, Shandong chickens exhibited a significantly higher seroprevalence of anti-avian HEV antibodies (42.16%) than Shaanxi chickens (26%) (p = 0.00). In addition, the detection of avian HEV RNA and ALV-J cDNA in the liver samples from the flocks of two provinces also showed the same results of the seroprevalence. Conclusions In the present study, the results showed that avian HEV infection is widely prevalent and ALV-J infection is endemic in the flocks with hepatitis syndrome from Shandong and Shaanxi provinces of China. These results suggested that avian HEV infection may be the major cause of increased egg drop and hepatitis syndrome observed during the last 2 years in China. These results should be useful to guide development of prevention and control measures to control the diseases within chicken flocks in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0892-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Taofeng Du
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shahid Faraz Syed
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Complete genome sequence of an american avian leukosis virus subgroup j isolate that causes hemangiomas and myeloid leukosis. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/2/e01586-14. [PMID: 25858851 PMCID: PMC4392163 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01586-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) isolate PDRC-59831, which causes myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas in chickens. This is an American ALV-J isolate, which was found in a 38-week-old broiler breeder chicken on a farm in Georgia in 2007.
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The MET gene is a common integration target in avian leukosis virus subgroup J-induced chicken hemangiomas. J Virol 2015; 89:4712-9. [PMID: 25673726 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03225-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a simple retrovirus that can cause hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens and is currently a major economic problem in Asia. Here we characterize ALV-J strain PDRC-59831, a newly studied U.S. isolate of ALV-J. Five-day-old chicken embryos were infected with this virus, and the chickens developed myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas within 2 months after hatching. To investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis, we employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze proviral integration sites in these tumors. We found expanded clones with integrations in the MET gene in two of the five hemangiomas studied. This integration locus was not seen in previous work characterizing ALV-J-induced myeloid leukosis. MET is a known proto-oncogene that acts through a diverse set of signaling pathways and is involved in many neoplasms. We show that tumors harboring MET integrations exhibit strong overexpression of MET mRNA. IMPORTANCE These data suggest that ALV-J induces oncogenesis by insertional mutagenesis, and integrations in the MET oncogene can drive the overexpression of MET and contribute to the development of hemangiomas.
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Cui Z, Sun S, Zhang Z, Meng S. Simultaneous endemic infections with subgroup J avian leukosis virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus in commercial and local breeds of chickens. Avian Pathol 2010; 38:443-8. [PMID: 19937533 DOI: 10.1080/03079450903349188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infections were conducted during 1999 to 2009 on 29 chicken flocks of various commercial and local breeds located in six provinces in China. Samples were typically from chickens with myelocytomas or proventricular lesions. ALV-J was isolated from 25 flocks including seven out of seven flocks containing "yellow chickens" or other local breeds and several flocks of layer chickens. REV was isolated from 19 flocks. Co-infection of ALV-J and REV was confirmed in 11/38 birds of 8/15 flocks with myelocytomatosis and in 11/24 birds of 3/5 flocks with proventricular lesions. Both ALV-J and REV were vertically transmitted in four breeder flocks of local chicken breeds. One experiment in specific pathogen free chickens indicated that co-infection at hatch strongly depressed antibody responses to ALV-J but not to REV. The results suggest that infections with both ALV-J and REV have become endemic in local breeds, including breeder flocks where both viruses appear to be perpetuated by vertical transmission. In addition, both viruses were present in at least some commercial broiler, layer and breeder flocks. Eradication programmes are needed but will be difficult, especially in local breeds. This unprecedented concurrence of simultaneous endemic infections with ALV-J and REV may have serious economic consequences and needs to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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Sun S, Cui Z. Epidemiological and pathological studies of subgroup J avian leukosis virus infections in Chinese local “yellow” chickens. Avian Pathol 2007; 36:221-6. [PMID: 17497335 DOI: 10.1080/03079450701332345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological, pathological and molecular studies indicate that subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) infections are widely spread in "yellow chickens" of local breeds in China. ALV-J induced tumour mortality and the serological conversion rates to ALV-J were very high in some breeder flocks. Typical myelocytomatosis was demonstrated not only in livers, spleens, kidneys, and sternums, as in white meat-type chickens, but also in thymuses and the bursa of Fabricius. Especially, severe myeloid cell infiltration was found throughout the whole enlarged thymuses of some birds. ALV-J was isolated at high positive rates from both liver tumour samples and embryos collected from breeder flocks with tumours. At the same time, reticuloendotheliosis virus was also co-isolated with ALV-J in some tumour samples and embryos. Sequence analysis of env genes demonstrated that the gp85 and gp37 among six ALV-J isolates from "yellow chickens" of Chinese local breeds varied as highly as among ALV-J strains isolated from white meat-type chickens worldwide. But strain GD0512 isolated in 2005 from a "yellow chicken" farm in southern China had high identity of 95.1% for gp85 or 99.5% for gp37 to strain HN0001 isolated in 2000 from a white meat-type breeder farm in northern China, a much higher identity than to other yellow chicken and white chicken strains. This is the first report of the isolation and identification of ALV-J from yellow chickens of Chinese local breeds and also the first report of vertical co-infection of ALV-J and reticuloendotheliosis virus. The significance of co-infection of ALV-J and reticuloendotheliosis virus in pathogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Peoples Republic of China
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