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Yu D, Wang F, Ye S, Yang S, Yu N, Zhou X, Zhang N. Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:375-383. [PMID: 35799602 PMCID: PMC8864058 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by cigarette smoking (CS), with oxidative stress being one key component during its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of quercitrin (QE) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and its underlying mechanism. HBECs were treated with 2% CSE for 24 h to establish in vitro COPD cellular models. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was applied to examine protein levels and ELISA kits were used to examine contents of the indicated oxidant/antioxidant markers. The results demonstrated that CSE promoted apoptosis and suppressed viability of HBECs and QE reversed these effects. CSE caused increase in T-AOC, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase contents and decrease in MDA, reactive oxygen species , and GSH contents in HBECs, which were rescued by QE treatment. The CSE-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and elevation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were also reversed by QE in HBECs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was activated by CSE and further suppressed by QE in HBECs. Collectively, QE exerts a protective role in HBECs against cell apoptosis and oxidative damage via inactivation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Hematology , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Fan Wang
- General Medical Department (Department of Geriatrics) , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Shuming Ye
- Department of Respiratory , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Respiratory , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Ning Yu
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061 , Hubei , China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061 , Hubei , China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Chemical Analysis of Different Fractions from Solidago chilensis Inflorescence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7612380. [PMID: 34745422 PMCID: PMC8570869 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7612380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Solidago chilensis Meyen (Compositae) is a species native to South America (Brazil) popularly known as arnica. In Brazilian popular medicine, inflorescences and rhizomes of this plant have been used since the end of the 19th century to replace the exogenous and hepatotoxic Arnica montana L. in the treatment of edema and inflammatory pathologies. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of S. chilensis is evidenced in the literature, there is a lack of studies with enriched fractions or compounds isolated from it. The objective of the current study was to characterize phytochemically and to evaluate the pharmacological action in vivo and in vitro of the crude extract and the different fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, acetal, butanolic, and aqueous) isolated from the inflorescence of S. chilensis. The inflorescence crude extract (ScIE) and fractions were administered by intraperitoneal route to mice at different doses. In an LPS-induced pleurisy model, inhibition of leukocyte influx was observed for the ScIE and all fractions tested, as compared to controls. Dichloromethane (ScDicF), butanolic (ScButF), and aqueous (ScAquF) were selected for further analysis as they showed the best inhibitory effects in leukocyte migration and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production: TNF-α, CXCL1/KC, CXCL2/MIP-2, and CCL11/eotaxin-1. In LPS-stimulated J774A.1 cell line, ScIE and the ScDicF exhibited an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and downmodulated the COX-2 expression; ScAquF failed to modulate NO production and COX-2 expression. In phytochemical analysis, HPLC-UV-DAD chromatograms of ScDicF and ScAquF showed the main peaks with UV spectrum characteristics of flavonoids; chlorogenic acid and isoquercetin were the most present phytochemicals identified in the ScAquF, and a high number of n-alkanes was found in ScHexF. Our study was the first to address biological effects and correlate them to phytochemically characterized fractions from inflorescences of S. chilensis.
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Oh TW, Do HJ, Jeon JH, Kim K. Quercitrin inhibits platelet activation in arterial thrombosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153363. [PMID: 33070081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ingestion of flavonoids has been reported to be associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Quercitrin is a common flavonoid in nature, and it exhibits antioxidant properties. Although the process of thrombogenesis is intimately related to cardiovascular disease risk, it is unclear whether quercitrin plays a role in thrombogenesis. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the antiplatelet effect of quercitrin in platelet activation. METHODS Platelet aggregation, granule secretion, calcium mobilization, and integrin activation were used to assess the antiplatelet activity of quercitrin. Antithrombotic effect was determined in mouse using ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo and thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under arteriolar shear in vitro. Transection tail bleeding time was used to evaluate whether quercitrin inhibited primary hemostasis. RESULTS Quercitrin significantly impaired collagen-related peptide-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion, reactive oxygen species generation, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Outside-in signaling of αIIbβ3 integrin was significantly inhibited by quercitrin in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of quercitrin resulted from inhibition of the glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet signal transduction during cell activation. Further, the antioxidant effect is derived from decreased phosphorylation of components of the TNF receptor-associated factor 4/p47phox/Hic5 axis signalosome. Oral administration of quercitrin efficiently blocked FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo and thrombus formation on collagen-coated surfaces under arteriolar shear in vitro, without prolonging bleeding time. Studies using a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced stroke indicated that treatment with quercitrin reduced the infarct volume in stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that quercitrin could be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Do
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Chiş IC, Baltaru D, Dumitrovici A, Coseriu A, Radu BC, Moldovan R, Mureşan A. Protective effects of quercetin from oxidative/nitrosative stress under intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure in the rat's heart. Physiol Int 2019; 105:233-246. [PMID: 30282485 DOI: 10.1556/2060.105.2018.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to high altitude in hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is considered to be a physiological oxidative/nitrosative stress. Quercetin (Que) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger against oxidative/nitrosative stress. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of Que in animals exposed to intermittent HH (IHH) and therefore exposed to oxidative/nitrosative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar albino male rats were exposed to short-term (2 days) or long-term (4 weeks; 5 days/week) IHH in a hypobaric chamber (5,500 m, 8 h/day, 380 mmHg, 12% O2, and 88% N2). Half of the animals received natural antioxidant Que (body weight: 30 mg/kg) daily before each IHH exposure and the remaining rats received vehicle (carboxymethylcellulose solution). Control rats were kept under normobaric normoxia (Nx) and treated in a corresponding manner. One day after the last exposure to IHH, we measured the cardiac hypoxia-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers: the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and protein carbonyl (PC) content, the activity of some antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)], the nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. RESULTS Heart tissue MDA and PC levels, NOx level, and iNOS expression of IHH-exposed rats had increased, and SOD and CAT activities had decreased compared with those of the Nx-exposed rats (control groups). MDA, CP, NOx, and iNOS levels had decreased in Que-treated IHH-exposed rats compared with IHH-exposed rats (control groups). However, Que administration increased SOD and CAT activities of the heart tissue in the IHH-exposed rats. CONCLUSION HH exposure increases oxidative/nitrosative stress in heart tissue and Que is an effective cardioprotective agent, which further supports the oxidative cardiac dysfunction induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Chiş
- 1 Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D Baltaru
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, "Constantin Papilian" Military Emergency Hospital , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Dumitrovici
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, "I. Chiricuta" Oncologic Institute , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Coseriu
- 1 Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - B C Radu
- 1 Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - R Moldovan
- 1 Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Mureşan
- 1 Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kim JH, Quilantang NG, Kim HY, Lee S, Cho EJ. Attenuation of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells by three flavonoids from Acer okamotoanum. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Park DE, Yoon IS, Kim JE, Seo JH, Yoo JC, Bae CS, Lee CD, Park DH, Cho SS. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki Flos. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:286-292. [PMID: 28539723 PMCID: PMC5421428 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.204554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (Hamamelidaceae) is a medicinal plant cultivated in Northeast Asia. Previously, we have reported that an ethanol extract of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki flos (ECCF) contains four active compounds with antioxidant activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial spectrum against infectious bacteria and anti-inflammatory effect of ECCF in a mouse model of acute local inflammation. Materials and Methods: In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using standard plate assay technique. Antimicrobial activities (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC; μg/mL) were determined with the serial dilution method. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was studied using a mouse model of carrageenan-induced air pouch inflammation. Results: The ECCF showed antimicrobial activities against general bacteria and drug-resistant bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Mycrobacterium smegmatis ATCC 9341, Mycrobacterium smegmatis ATCC 9341, Salmonella typhimrium KCTC 1925, and nine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, with MIC values ranging from 250 to 1000 μg/mL. In in vivo mouse model, inflammatory morphologic changes observed in the air pouch membrane were restored to its normal condition by the ECCF treatment. Moreover, the ECCF significantly reduced exudate volumes, protein contents, inflammatory cell counts, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the exudates recovered from air pouches of the mouse model. Flavonoids in the ECCF were found to contain bergenin, quercitrin, and quercetin with reported anti-inflammatory activity via suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α production. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of ECCF. Our results suggest that the ECCF might potentially serve as an alternative or complementary medicine for treating inflammatory diseases caused by microbial infection. SUMMARY ECCF showed antimicrobial activity against infectious bacteria and multidrug-resistant strains. ECCF exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan-induced air pouch mouse model. ECCF contained several active constituents such as bergenin, quercitrin, and quercetin.
Abbreviations used:Corylopsis coreana CCF: Uyeki flos, ECCF: ethanol extract of CCF
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eon Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Dai Lee
- Department of Business Administration, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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Imessaoudene A, Merzouk H, Berroukeche F, Mokhtari N, Bensenane B, Cherrak S, Merzouk SA, Elhabiri M. Beneficial effects of quercetin–iron complexes on serum and tissue lipids and redox status in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 29:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ma JQ, Luo RZ, Jiang HX, Liu CM. Quercitrin offers protection against brain injury in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Funct 2016; 7:549-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00913h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quercitrin is one of the primary flavonoid compounds present in vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
- 643000 Zigong City
- PR China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
- 643000 Zigong City
- PR China
| | - Hai-Xia Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering
- 643000 Zigong City
- PR China
| | - Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou City
- PR China
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Chis IC, Coseriu A, Simedrea R, Oros A, Nagy AL, Clichici S. In Vivo Effects of Quercetin in Association with Moderate Exercise Training in Improving Streptozotocin-Induced Aortic Tissue Injuries. Molecules 2015; 20:21770-86. [PMID: 26690102 PMCID: PMC6331973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder associated with endothelial dysfunction. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and abnormal nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation are the major causal factors in the development of endothelial dysfunction in DM. The prevention of endothelial dysfunction may be a first target against the appearance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. We have investigated the synergistic protective effects of quercetin administration and moderate exercise training on thoracic aorta injuries induced by diabetes. Methods: Diabetic rats that performed exercise training were subjected to a swimming training program (1 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks). The diabetic rats received quercetin (30 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the thoracic aorta was isolated and divided into two parts; one part was immersed in 10% formalin for histopathological evaluations and the other was frozen for the assessment of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, MDA and protein carbonyls groups, PC), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly increased MDA and PC levels, NOx production and iNOS expression and a reduction of SOD and CAT activity in aortic tissues. A decrease in the levels of oxidative stress markers, NOx production and iNOS expression associated with elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes in the aortic tissue were observed in quercetin-treated diabetic trained rats. Conclusions: These findings suggest that quercetin administration in association with moderate exercise training reduces vascular complications and tissue injuries induced by diabetes in rat aorta by decreasing oxidative stress and restoring NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina C Chis
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Coseriu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 8, Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ramona Simedrea
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Oros
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Number 3-5, Mănăştur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andras L Nagy
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Number 3-5, Mănăştur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Quercetin protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatorenal toxicity by reducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2015; 22:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Hung PY, Ho BC, Lee SY, Chang SY, Kao CL, Lee SS, Lee CN. Houttuynia cordata targets the beginning stage of herpes simplex virus infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115475. [PMID: 25643242 PMCID: PMC4314066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a common latent virus in humans, causes certain severe diseases. Extensive use of acyclovir (ACV) results in the development of drug-resistant HSV strains, hence, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat HSV infection. Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata), a natural herbal medicine, has been reported to exhibit anti-HSV effects which is partly NF-κB-dependent. However, the molecular mechanisms by which H. cordata inhibits HSV infection are not elucidated thoroughly. Here, we report that H. cordata water extracts (HCWEs) inhibit the infection of HSV-1, HSV-2, and acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 mainly via blocking viral binding and penetration in the beginning of infection. HCWEs also suppress HSV replication. Furthermore, HCWEs attenuate the first-wave of NF-κB activation, which is essential for viral gene expressions. Further analysis of six compounds in HCWEs revealed that quercetin and isoquercitrin inhibit NF-κB activation and additionally, quercetin also has an inhibitory effect on viral entry. These results indicate that HCWEs can inhibit HSV infection through multiple mechanisms and could be a potential lead for development of new drugs for treating HSV.
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MESH Headings
- Acyclovir/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Drug Resistance, Viral/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/physiology
- Hot Temperature
- Houttuynia/chemistry
- Humans
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- Virion/drug effects
- Virion/physiology
- Virus Internalization/drug effects
- Virus Replication/drug effects
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Hung
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ching Ho
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Liang Kao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shoei-Sheng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Oh YC, Jeong YH, Cho WK, Ha JH, Gu MJ, Ma JY. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of pyeongwisan on LPS-stimulated murine macrophages and mouse models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and xylene-induced ear edema. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1232-51. [PMID: 25569097 PMCID: PMC4307301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyeongwisan (PW) is an herbal medication used in traditional East Asian medicine to treat anorexia, abdominal distension, borborygmus and diarrhea caused by gastric catarrh, atony and dilatation. However, its effects on inflammation-related diseases are unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of PW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in macrophages and on local inflammation in vivo. We investigated the biological effects of PW on the production of inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines and related products as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Additionally, we evaluated the analgesic effect on the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the inhibitory activity on xylene-induced ear edema in mice. PW showed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In addition, PW strongly suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a NO synthesis enzyme, induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and inhibited NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation. Also, PW suppressed TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β cytokine production in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophage cells. Furthermore, PW showed an analgesic effect on the writhing response and an inhibitory effect on mice ear edema. We demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibitory mechanism in macrophages as well as inhibitory activity of PW in vivo for the first time. Our results suggest the potential value of PW as an inflammatory therapeutic agent developed from a natural substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ho Ha
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Gu
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
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Oh YC, Jeong YH, Ha JH, Cho WK, Ma JY. Oryeongsan inhibits LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators via blockade of the NF-kappaB, MAPK pathways and leads to HO-1 induction in macrophage cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:242. [PMID: 25023125 PMCID: PMC4223373 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oryeongsan (OR) is an herbal medication used in east-Asian traditional medicine to treat dysuresia, such as urinary frequency, hematuria, and dysuria due to renal disease and chronic nephritis. Recent studies showed that protective effect against acute gastric mucosal injury and an inhibitory effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway of OR. However, its effect on inflammation still remains unknown. In this study, to provide insight into the biological effects of OR, we investigated their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. METHODS We investigated the pharmacological and biological effects of OR on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and related products through Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Also, we examined the activation and suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages via Western blot analysis in order to explore inhibitory mechanism of OR. RESULTS OR had anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 beta. In addition, it strongly suppressed cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO synthesizing enzymes. It also induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression and inhibited NF-kappaB signaling pathway activation and phosphorylation of MAPKs. CONCLUSIONS We further demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibitory mechanism of OR in LPS-stimulated macrophages for the first time. OR contains strong anti-inflammatory activity and affects various mechanism pathways including NF-kappaB, MAPKs and HO-1. Our results suggest that OR has potential value to be developed as an inflammatory therapeutic agent from a natural substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Ha
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Yuseong, Republic of Korea
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Oh YC, Jeong YH, Cho WK, Gu MJ, Ma JY. Inhibitory effects of palmultang on inflammatory mediator production related to suppression of NF-κB and MAPK pathways and induction of HO-1 expression in macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8443-57. [PMID: 24828204 PMCID: PMC4057741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmultang (PM) is an herbal decoction that has been used to treat anorexia, anemia, general prostration, and weakness due to chronic illness since medieval times in Korea, China, and Japan. The present study focused on the inhibitory effects of PM on the production of inflammatory factors and on the activation of mechanisms in murine macrophages. PM suppressed the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory proteins by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and by inducing heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. Collectively, our results explain the anti-inflammatory effect and inhibitory mechanism of PM in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Gu
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
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Quercetin-3-O-(2”-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside prevents TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by suppressing the caspase-8- and Bid-pathways and the mitochondrial pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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FARGHALI H, KUTINOVÁ CANOVÁ N, LEKIĆ N. Resveratrol and Related Compounds as Antioxidants With an Allosteric Mechanism of Action in Epigenetic Drug Targets. Physiol Res 2013; 62:1-13. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review is intended to focus on naturally occurring cytoprotective agents such as resveratrol (trans-3,4’,5-trihydroxystilbene) and other related compounds, probably with similar molecular mechanisms of action and high capacity to find applications in medical fields. Several physiological aspects have been ascribed to resveratrol and similar compounds. Resveratrol, among others, has been recently described as a silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) activator that increases AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and reduces the oxidative damage biomarkers during aging in laboratory settings. The reports on resveratrol and other SIRT1 activators from various sources are encouraging. The pharmacological strategies for modulation of sirtuins by small molecules through allosteric mechanisms should gain a greater momentum including human research. Resveratrol and resveratrol-like molecules seem to fulfill the requirement of a new horizon in drug research since these molecules cover a growing research means as antioxidants with allosteric mechanism in epigenetic drug targets. However, one should keep in mind the challenges of extrapolation of basic research into clinical results. Overall, the issue of sirtuins in biology and disease provides an insight on therapeutic potentials of sirtuin-based therapeutics and demonstrates the high complexity of drug-targeting these modalities for human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. FARGHALI
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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Kawakami K, Nishida H, Tatewaki N, Eguchi-Kasai K, Anzai K, Eitsuka T, Konishi T, Hirayama M. Persimmon Leaf Flavonols Enhance the Anti-Cancer Effect of Heavy Ion Radiotherapy on Murine Xenograft Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.47133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Oh YC, Cho WK, Jeong YH, Im GY, Lee KJ, Yang HJ, Ma JY. Anti-inflammatory effect of Sosihotang via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:343-51. [PMID: 23246826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sosihotang (SO) is an herbal medication, which has been widely used to treat fever, chill and vomiting due to common cold in east-Asian countries. In this study, to provide insight into the effects of SO on inflammation, we investigated its effect on pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW 264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. SO significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 as well as gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), its synthesizing enzyme. In addition, SO inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c- Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found SO suppresses the production of NO and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophage cells. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed SO contains many active anti-inflammatory constituents such as liquiritigenin, baicalin, baicalein, glycyrrhizin and wogonin. We first elucidated the inhibitory mechanism of SO on inflammation induced by LPS in macrophage cells. Our results suggest SO has potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Oh YC, Cho WK, Jeong YH, Im GY, Kim A, Hwang YH, Kim T, Song KH, Ma JY. A Novel Herbal Medicine KIOM-MA Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:462383. [PMID: 23243447 PMCID: PMC3518860 DOI: 10.1155/2012/462383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
KIOM-MA was recently reported as a novel herbal medicine effective for atopic dermatitis and asthma. In this study, we have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of KIOM-MA on proinflammatory mediator produced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. KIOM-MA significantly inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). Consistent with the inhibitory effect on PGE(2), KIOM-MA suppresses the LPS-induced migration of macrophages and gelatinase activity and the expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, KIOM-MA showed a strong suppressive effect on the inflammatory cytokines production such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We also found that KIOM-MA inhibits the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and represses the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Taken together, we elucidated the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of KIOM-MA using RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24 Jeonmin-Dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Oh YC, Cho WK, Jeong YH, Im GY, Yang MC, Ma JY. Fermentation improves anti-inflammatory effect of sipjeondaebotang on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:813-31. [PMID: 22809034 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sipjeondaebotang (SJ) has been used as a traditional drug in east-Asian countries. In this study, to provide insight into the biological effects of SJ and SJ fermented by Lactobacillus, we investigated their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in macrophages. The investigation was focused on whether SJ and fermented SJ could inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and nitric oxide (NO) as well as the expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that SJ modestly inhibited LPS-induced PGE(2), NO and TNF-α production as well as the expressions of COX-2 and iNOS. Interestingly, fermentation significantly increased its inhibitory effect on the expression of all pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, fermented SJ exhibited increased inhibition of p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK phosphorylation as well as NF-κB p65 translocation by reduced IκBα degradation compared with either untreated controls or unfermented SJ. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed fermentation by Lactobacillus increases liquiritigenin and cinnamyl alcohol contained in SJ, which are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Finally, SJ fermented by Lactobacillus exerted potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Oh YC, Cho WK, Jeong YH, Im GY, Yang MC, Hwang YH, Ma JY. Anti-inflammatory effect of Citrus Unshiu peel in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:611-29. [PMID: 22745074 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Citrus Unshiu peel (CUP) has been traditionally used in East Asia as a drug for the treatment of vomiting and dyspepsia. However, its effects on inflammation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of CUP on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The research focused on determining whether CUP could inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as well as the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E(2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that CUP represses LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 gene expression as well as NO, PGE(2), TNF-α and IL-6 production. Additionally, CUP inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK, and suppressed IκBα degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Collectively, our results indicate that CUP inhibits the production of various inflammatory mediators via blockade of MAPK phosphorylation pursuant to the inhibition of IκBα degradation and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These findings are the first to clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by CUP in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated by inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Center for Herbal Medicine Improvement Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kukongviriyapan U, Sompamit K, Pannangpetch P, Kukongviriyapan V, Donpunha W. Preventive and therapeutic effects of quercetin on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1345-53. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a dietary antioxidant flavonoid, possesses strong anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. The effects were investigated in an animal model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxaemia and vascular dysfunction in vivo. Male ICR mice were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg; i.p.). Quercetin (50 or 100 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered either before or after LPS administration. Fifteen hours after LPS injection, mice were found in endotoxaemic condition, as manifested by hypotension, tachycardia, and blunted vascular responses to vasodilators and vasoconstrictor. The symptoms were accompanied by increased aortic iNOS protein expression, decreased aortic eNOS protein expression, marked suppression of cellular glutathione (GSH) redox status, enhanced aortic superoxide production, increased plasma malodialdehyde and protein carbonyl, and elevated urinary nitrate/nitrite. Treatment with quercetin either before or after LPS preserved the vascular function, as blood pressure, heart rate, vascular responsiveness were restored to near normal values, particularly when quercetin was given as a preventive regimen. The vascular protective effects were associated with upregulation of eNOS expression, reduction of oxidative stress, and maintained blood GSH redox ratio. Overall findings suggest the beneficial effect of quercetin on the prevention and restoration of a failing eNOS system and alleviation of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction against endotoxin-induced shock in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kwanjit Sompamit
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | | | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanida Donpunha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Anti-inflammatory effect of Lycium Fruit water extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:181-9. [PMID: 22483979 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lycium Fruit has been used as a traditional drug for low back pain and chronic cough in east-Asian countries. However, inhibitory effects of Lycium Fruit water extract (LFWE) on inflammation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of LFWE on pro-inflammatory mediator production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. LFWE inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E₂, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production as well as their synthesizing enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression. Furthermore, LFWE inhibited phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as suppression of IκBα degradation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB upon LPS stimulation. In addition, LFWE suppressed NO, PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophage cells. Taken together, our results suggest that LFWE inhibits the production of various inflammatory mediators via blockade on the MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. This finding first explains the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect by LFWE in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells.
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Oh YC, Cho WK, Oh JH, Im GY, Jeong YH, Yang MC, Ma JY. Fermentation by Lactobacillus enhances anti-inflammatory effect of Oyaksungisan on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:17. [PMID: 22405334 PMCID: PMC3323419 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oyaksungisan (OY) has been used as a traditional drug in east-Asian countries. However, its effect on inflammation still remains unknown. In this study, to provide insight into the biological effects of OY and OY fermented by Lactobacillus, we investigated their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. METHODS The investigation was focused on whether OY and fermented OYs could inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS We found that OY inhibits a little LPS-induced NO, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 productions as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Interestingly, the fermentation significantly increased its inhibitory effect on the expression of all pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, the fermented OYs exhibited elevated inhibition on the translocation of NF-κB p65 through reduced IκBα degradation as well as the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs than untreated control or original OY. CONCLUSIONS Finally, the fermentation by Lactobacillus potentiates the anti-inflammatory effect of OY by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activity in the macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chang Oh
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hui Oh
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Im
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Jeong
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Yang
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM)-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 461-24, Jeonmin-dong, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Kawakami K, Shibukura Y, Kanno T, Furuki T, Aketa S, Hirayama M. Identification of 2″-galloylated flavonol 3-o-glycosides accumulating in developing leaves of persimmon. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:403-410. [PMID: 21413094 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dried leaves of persimmon, traditionally consumed as a herbal tea in Japan, contain bioactive galloylated flavonol glycosides. Investigation of the seasonal compositional changes in these compounds is important for determining the optimum harvest time. OBJECTIVE The three objectives were: (1) to elucidate the compositional changes of the flavonol glycosides in persimmon leaves collected in different seasons; (2) to develop an efficient method for separation of the constituents; and (3) to compare their antioxidant activities. METHODOLOGY Fresh persimmon leaves were collected at different growth stages in 2007 and 2008 in Niigata, Japan. Total flavonols were extracted with 70% aqueous acetone followed by ethyl acetate partitioning, and were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Enzymatic transformation and chromatographic fractionation was performed to isolate the individual flavonols. Two antioxidant assays were performed. RESULTS Four nongalloylated flavonol glycosides were detected at the leaf-shooting stage, and four additional galloylated flavonol glycosides accumulated during leaf development, resulting in a total of eight constituents. Isolation of nongalloylated and galloylated constituents was successfully achieved through enzymatic transformation of the flavonol mixture using combinations of tannase, β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase, followed by chromatographic fractionation. The gallates were identified as regiospecific 2″-galloylated galactosides and glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin. A mixture of 2″-galloylated flavonol glycosides had a two-fold stronger antioxidant activity than the nongalloylated mixture. CONCLUSION This study showed that four 2″-galloylated flavonol glycosides had accumulated in developing leaves of persimmon by the end of May through a rapid 2″-galloylation of the corresponding nongalloylated flavonol glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Kawakami
- Department of Food Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Persimmon leaf extract inhibits the ATM activity during DNA damage response induced by Doxorubicin in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:650-5. [PMID: 21512242 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon leaf (PL) has been commonly recognized for its wide variety of health benefits. A previous study has reported that persimmon leaf extract (PLE) contained flavonols with the 2″-galloly moiety (PLEg). Galloylated homologues generically show stronger activity in their biological function, so enhanced functions can be expected for PLEg. We investigated in this present study the effect of PLEg on the cellular DNA damage checkpoint signaling to sensitize cancer chemotherapy. Treatment with PLE and PLEg significantly increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) in A549 adenocarcinoma cells. PLE and PLEg reduced the phosphorylation of checkpoint proteins such as structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1), checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), and p53 in DOX-treated cells. Moreover, PLE decreased the phosphorylation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) in a dose-dependent manner. PLE, and especially PLEg, abrogated the G2/M checkpoint during DOX-induced DNA damage. These results suggest that PLEg specifically inhibited ATM-dependent checkpoint activation by DOX, and that PLEg might be a useful sensitizer in cancer chemotherapy.
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Bharrhan S, Chopra K, Arora SK, Toor JS, Rishi P. Down-regulation of NF-κB signalling by polyphenolic compounds prevents endotoxin-induced liver injury in a rat model. Innate Immun 2011; 18:70-9. [PMID: 21239456 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910393369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of NF-κB has been reported to play a key role in causing endotoxin-induced hepatic damage through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory mediators. In this context, the potential of polyphenolic phytochemicals in preventing endotoxin-induced liver damage remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that catechin and quercetin have the potential to down-regulate the initial signalling molecule NF-κB which may further inhibit the downstream cascade including TNF-α and NO. These results were confirmed using N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) along with the biochemical and histological alterations occurring in the presence and absence of supplementation with both the polyphenols. However, catechin was found to be more effective than quercetin against endotoxin-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that these polyphenols may form a pharmacological basis for designing a therapeutic agent against endotoxin-mediated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bharrhan
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zabłocka A, Ogorzałek A, Macała J, Janusz M. A proline-rich polypeptide complex (PRP) influences inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice at the protein level. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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