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Beckers E, Casselman I, Soudant E, Daminet S, Paepe D, Peelman L, Broeckx BJG. The prevalence of the ABCB1-1Δ variant in a clinical veterinary setting: The risk of not genotyping. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273706. [PMID: 36037240 PMCID: PMC9423603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug sensitivity is an autosomal recessive disorder in dogs caused by a 4-bp deletion in the ABCB1 gene, often referred to as the ABCB1-1Δ variant. This disease has a high prevalence in some breeds and causes adverse reactions to certain drugs when given in normal doses. Though most dogs known to be at risk are of the collie lineage or were traced back to it, the variant has also been described in several seemingly unrelated breeds. It is generally advised to genotype dogs at risk before treating them. However, there seems to be a discrepancy between the advice and current veterinary practices, as a recent study in Belgium and the Netherlands showed that most veterinarians never order a DNA test. To assess the possible risk of not testing for multidrug sensitivity in a clinical setting, the ABCB1-1Δ variant allele frequency was established in a sample of 286 dogs from a veterinary clinic. This frequency was compared to the allelic frequency in 599 samples specifically sent for genetic testing. While the allelic frequency in the sample for genetic testing was high (21.6%) and in line with the general reports, the allelic frequency in the clinical setting was low (0.2%), demonstrating an enormous difference between laboratory and clinical frequencies. Because of the low frequency of the disease-causing variant in the general clinical population, the risk of encountering a dog displaying multidrug sensitivity despite not genotyping seems to be low. As the variant was only found in an at-risk breed, the current recommendation of routinely genotyping at-risk breeds before treatment seems justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Beckers
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Iris Casselman
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Emma Soudant
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart J. G. Broeckx
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Epidemiological study (2006-2012) on the poisoning of small animals by human and veterinary drugs. Vet Rec 2014; 174:222. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Caloni
- Department of Health; Animal Science and Food Safety; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - C. Cortinovis
- Department of Health; Animal Science and Food Safety; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - F. Pizzo
- Department of Health; Animal Science and Food Safety; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Celoria 10 Milan 20133 Italy
| | - M. Rivolta
- Centro Antiveleni di Milano; Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3 Milan 20162 Italy
| | - F. Davanzo
- Centro Antiveleni di Milano; Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3 Milan 20162 Italy
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Merola VM, Eubig PA. Toxicology of avermectins and milbemycins (macrocylic lactones) and the role of P-glycoprotein in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012; 42:313-33, vii. [PMID: 22381182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are parasiticides able to kill a wide variety of arthropods and nematodes. They have a high margin of safety for labeled indications, and ivermectin has become the best-selling antiparasitic in the world. Dogs of certain breeds and mixtures of those breeds have a defect in the ABCB1 gene (formerly MDR1 gene) that results in a lack of functional P-glycoprotein, which leads to accumulation of the MLs in the central nervous system and a higher risk of adverse effects when exposed. There is no specific antidote for ML toxicosis so the most important part of treatment is good supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina M Merola
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, 1717 South Philo Road, Suite 36, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Mizukami K, Chang HS, Yabuki A, Kawamichi T, Hossain MA, Rahman MM, Uddin MM, Yamato O. Rapid genotyping assays for the 4–base pair deletion of canine MDR1/ABCB1 gene and low frequency of the mutant allele in Border Collie dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 24:127-34. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711425591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR1 or ABCB1 gene, is an integral component of the blood–brain barrier as an efflux pump for xenobiotics crucial in limiting drug uptake into the central nervous system. Dogs homozygous for a 4–base pair deletion of the canine MDR1 gene show altered expression or function of P-glycoprotein, resulting in neurotoxicosis after administration of the substrate drugs. In the present study, the usefulness of microchip electrophoresis for genotyping assays detecting this deletion mutation was evaluated. Mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and real-time PCR assays were newly developed and evaluated. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of Border Collies dogs in Japan to determine the allele frequency in this breed. Microchip electrophoresis showed advantages in detection sensitivity and time saving over other modes of electrophoresis. The MS-PCR assay clearly discriminated all genotypes. Real-time PCR assay was most suitable for a large-scale survey due to its high throughput and rapidity. The genotyping survey demonstrated that the carrier and mutant allele frequencies were 0.49% and 0.25%, respectively, suggesting that the mutant allele frequency in Border Collies is markedly low compared to that in the susceptible dog breeds such as rough and smooth Collies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Mizukami
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Hye-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Takuji Kawamichi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Mohammad A. Hossain
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Mohammad M. Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Mohammad M. Uddin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
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