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ERZURUMLU Y, DOĞAN HK, ÇATAKLI D. Anticancer Effect of Theranekron ® on Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells. Turk J Pharm Sci 2024; 20:368-373. [PMID: 38254333 PMCID: PMC10803929 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.47905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health problem in men worldwide. Although there are numerous treatment choices for PCa, acquired resistance limits treatment success. Therefore, there is a need for new approaches as powerful resources for use in alternative or supportive therapeutic strategies for anticancer therapeutics. Theranekron® is a commercially available alcoholic extract of Tarantula cubensis. Recent studies have shown the potent anticancer effect of theranekron in human tumors, including PCa. Herein, we comparatively examined the antiproliferative activity of theranekron and its biochemical action on androgenic signaling and cell cycle-related cyclin proteins in androgen-dependent PCa cells, LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1. Materials and Methods Human androgen-dependent PCa cells, LNCaP (CRL-1740TM), 22Rv1 (CRL-2505TM), and VCaP (CRL-2876TM) were used to evaluate the effect of theranekron in vitro. The impact of theranekron on cell viability was evaluated using a WST-1-based viability test. Its impact on AR, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, and cyclin E1 was examined by immunoblotting. To test the anti-malignant effect of theranekron on 3D tumor formation of PCa cells, soft agar assay was used. Results Our results indicated that theranekron treatment significantly reduced the viability of PCa cells. It remarkably decreased the protein levels of AR, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, and cyclin E1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Theranekron administration strongly limited the 3D tumor formation of LNCaP, 22Rv1, and VCaP cells. Conclusion Our findings strongly suggest that theranekron may offer potent therapeutic efficacy against androgen-dependent PCa cells. Moreover, it may be a potent component for preventing acquired resistance to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın ERZURUMLU
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Kübra DOĞAN
- Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Science, Department of Bioengineering, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Deniz ÇATAKLI
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Isparta, Türkiye
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Simsek A, Ozmen O. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Effects of Tarantula cubensis Extract on Mucosal Healing in Rats. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:17-25. [PMID: 37157804 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231172907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal lesions are a common pathology that impact the quality of life due to pain, inappetence, weight loss, and low productivity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Tarantula cubensis extract on wound healing in rats with buccal mucosal lesions. A total of 40 male Wistar albino rats weighing 250-300 g were used in the study. The rats were divided into four equal groups. A 3 mm diameter mucosal defect was created in the buccal mucosa of each rat. Groups one and three (controls) assessed spontaneous healing at 3 and 6 days post trauma, respectively. Groups two and four (treatment) received 0.2 ml T. cubensis extract subcutaneously. Group two was treated for 2 days and assessed at 3 days and group four was treated for 5 days and assessed at 6 days. All rats were euthanatized prior to tissue sample collection. Tissue samples were compared between control and treatment groups using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Tissue samples taken from the defect areas were immunohistochemically evaluated for cytokeratin and collagen expressions. In both the 3 and 6 day treatment groups, the improvements were statistically different compared to the control groups. T. cubensis extract was found to increase cytokeratin and collagen in both epithelial and connective tissue and to have a significant healing effect on mucosa on both gross and microscopic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Simsek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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ÖZBEK ŞEBİN S, NACAR TUNCER, TANYELİ A, ERASLAN E, GÜLER MC, TOKTAY E, POLAT E, GEDİK HT. The effects of tarantula cubensis extract on renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:463-474. [PMID: 37476882 PMCID: PMC10387895 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) related acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem and has not yet been fully treated. Tarantula cubensis extract (TCE) is a homeopathic drug that has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TCE on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS This study was carried out on 48 Spraque-Dawley male rats, which were divided into six groups. The first, second, and third groups were control, sham, and IR groups, respectively. Group four received IR and 0.2 mL of 96% ethanol. Group five and six received ischemia and reperfusion and TCE 0.01 and 0.1 mg per rat (which correspond to approximately 0.04 mg/kg, and 0.4 mg/kg), respectively. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in renal tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress index (OSI) was obtained by proportioning TAS and TOS. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by manual spectrophotometric methods. The histopathological changes were evaluated via hematoxylineosin and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS In IR group, renal tissue TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.0001 for both), and low(p < 0.0001 for both) and high dose (p < 0.0001 for both) TCE administration decreased these markers. Low and high doses of TCE decreased OSI values compared with IR group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001 respectively). Although TCE decreased MDA levels, it was not statistically significant. MPO levels significantly decreased. In addition, TCE has been found to prevent hemorrhage, cast formation, and dilatation caused by IR in renal tissues stained with hematoxylin-eosin. And also, the most intense nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and caspase-3 immunopositivity found in IR group was decreased in both of the TCE groups. DISCUSSION Although TCE showed a protective effect by inhibiting inflammation against IR damage in renal tissues, there was no clear effect on oxidative stress. Larger and more detailed studies are needed to clarify the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saime ÖZBEK ŞEBİN
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum,
Turkey
| | - TUNCER NACAR
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Ayhan TANYELİ
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum,
Turkey
| | - Ersen ERASLAN
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat,
Turkey
| | - Mustafa Can GÜLER
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum,
Turkey
| | - Erdem TOKTAY
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars,
Turkey
| | - Elif POLAT
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences University, Erzurum,
Turkey
| | - Hatice Tuğçe GEDİK
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum,
Turkey
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Effect of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract on tumour pathways in azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer in rats. ACTA VET BRNO 2023. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202392010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) on tumour development pathways in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer in rats by molecular methods. Eighteen paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues, six from each group, were studied in the healthy control (C), cancer control (CC), cancer + TCAE (C-TCAE) groups. Sections of 5 µm thickness were taken from the paraffin blocks and submitted to staining with haematoxylin-eosin. In the histopathological examination, the number of crypts forming aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the degree of dysplasia in the crypts were scored. Real-time PCR analysis was completed to determine β-catenin, KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus), APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) and P53 expressions on samples from each paraffin block. The grading scores of the number of crypts forming ACF and dysplasia in the crypts showed an evident decrease in the C-TCAE group in comparison to the CC group (P < 0.05). In real-time PCR analysis, mRNA expression levels of P53 (P > 0.05) and APC (P < 0.001) genes were found to be increased in the C-TCAE group according to the CC group. The expression levels of KRAS (P < 0.01) and β-catenin (P < 0.005) mRNA were found significantly decreased in the C-TCAE group. In conclusion, the effects of TCAE on AOM-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats were evaluated molecularly; TCAE was found to modulate some changes in CRC developmental pathways, inhibiting tumour development and proliferation, and stimulating non-mutagenic tumour suppressor genes. Thus, it can be stated that TCAE is an effective chemopreventive agent.
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Savran M, Ascı H, Erzurumlu Y, Ozmen O, Ilhan I, Sırın MC, Karakuyu NF, Karaibrahimoglu A. "Theranekron: A Novel Anti-inflammatory Candidate for Acetic Acid-Induced Colonic Inflammation in Rats". Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8753-8760. [PMID: 35939182 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized with chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal track. In the pathogenesis of IBD, inflammation is the main mechanism. Induction of inflammation triggers the oxidative stress that subsequently leading to apoptosis. Considering the all pathological mechanisms, many therapeutic agents have been used for IBD but because of serious side effects there is still a need for new therapeutic drugs. In this study, we aim to evaluate the possible protective effects of Theranekron (TH) on acetic acid (AA)- induced colonic damage and to describe the probable effect mechanisms of TH. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Fourty female adult Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Following 24 h fasting, colitis was induced by rectal instillation of AA. In TH group, a single dose of subcutaneous 0.2 ml TH was used. In treatment groups, 0.2 ml TH single dose or 100 mg/kg sulfasalazine (SS) for 7 days were used after colitis induction. Normal salin was used for all applications in control group. Histopathologically hemorrhage, edema and inflammatory reactions were seen in AA group. TH and SS decreased the severity of lesions. Nuclear factor kappa B, Serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, Growth-related oncogene, and Osteopontin expressions were markedly increased in AA group and TH markedly reduced these expressions. In Western analysis, decreased NF-kB and caspase-3 levels were observed with TH. Oxidative markers did not changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS TH has a prominent anti-inflammatory effect on AA-induced colonic inflammation via NF-kB signaling whereas antiapoptic effects seem to be independent from this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Savran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Halil Ascı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ilter Ilhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Cem Sırın
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nasif Fatih Karakuyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Adnan Karaibrahimoglu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Jermnak U, Supsavhad W, Kunakornsawat S, Jaroensong T, Watcharasit P, Visitnonthachai D, Pairor S, Phaochoosak N. Anti-cancer potentials of Gynura procumbens leaves extract against two canine mammary cancer cell lines. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:69-84. [PMID: 34882994 PMCID: PMC8788980 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-cancer effects of Gynura procumbens leaves extract (GPE) have been reported in various human cancers. However, the anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of this extract on canine mammary cancer (CMC) have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVES The main goal of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer properties of GPE against two CMC cell lines (CHMp-13a and CHMp-5b). METHODS The GP leaves were extracted with 80% ethanol. Anti-cancer potentials of GPE on CHMp-13a and CHMp-5b cancer cell lines using dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound healing, transwell migration, and caspase 3/7 activity assays were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of two oncogenes: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST) and one tumour suppressor gene: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in these cell lines were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, The EGFR and PTEN protein levels as well as protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation levels expression were also evaluated by western blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that GPE caused a significant concentration- and time-dependent reduction in cell proliferation of both CHMp-13a and CHMp-5b cells, detected by MTT assays. This extract also significantly suppressed cancer cell migration in both cell lines, tested by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Additionally, the increase in caspase 3/7 activity observed in both CMC cell treated with GPE suggests that GPE induced caspase 3/7 dependent apoptosis. Moreover, GPE significantly decreased EGFR mRNA and protein expression levels compared to control in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These findings emphasized that GPE has an in vitro anti-cancer activity against CMC by inhibiting EGFR signalling pathway. Thus, GPE may serve as an alternative therapy in CMC with high EGFR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usuma Jermnak
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Sunee Kunakornsawat
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Tassanee Jaroensong
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | | | - Selapoom Pairor
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Napasorn Phaochoosak
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
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Pawlak A, Ziolo E, Kutkowska J, Blazejczyk A, Wietrzyk J, Krupa A, Hildebrand W, Dziegiel P, Dzimira S, Obminska-Mrukowicz B, Strzadala L, Rapak A. A novel canine B-cell leukaemia cell line. Establishment, characterisation and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1218-1231. [PMID: 27506920 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We established a new B-cell leukaemia cell line CLB70 from a dog with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. This cell line is positive for CD20, CD45, CD79a, MHC class II, IgG, IgM; weakly positive for CD21; and negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD34, CD117. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangement (PARR) analysis revealed a biclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement and negative result for TCRγ. Western blot analysis of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins showed increased expression of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, NF-kB, and Ras, and decreased expression of p53. CLB70 cells grow rapidly in vitro and are tumourigenic in nude mice. The CLB70 line is highly sensitive to doxorubicin, less sensitive to etoposide and imatinib, and resistant to piroxicam, celecoxib and dexamethasone. Our results indicate that CLB70 cells are derived from mature B-cells and they may be a useful tool for the development of new therapeutic strategies for both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pawlak
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Ziolo
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J Kutkowska
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Blazejczyk
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J Wietrzyk
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - W Hildebrand
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - S Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - B Obminska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - L Strzadala
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
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