1
|
Cowl VB, Comizzoli P, Appeltant R, Bolton RL, Browne RK, Holt WV, Penfold LM, Swegen A, Walker SL, Williams SA. Cloning for the Twenty-First Century and Its Place in Endangered Species Conservation. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:91-112. [PMID: 37988633 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-071423-093523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Cloning as it relates to the animal kingdom generally refers to the production of genetically identical individuals. Because cloning is increasingly the subject of renewed attention as a tool for rescuing endangered or extinct species, it seems timely to dissect the role of the numerous reproductive techniques encompassed by this term in animal species conservation. Although cloning is typically associated with somatic cell nuclear transfer, the recent advent of additional techniques that allow genome replication without genetic recombination demands that the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to generate gametes or embryos, as well as older methods such as embryo splitting, all be included in this discussion. Additionally, the phenomenon of natural cloning (e.g., a subset of fish, birds, invertebrates, and reptilian species that reproduce via parthenogenesis) must also be pointed out. Beyond the biology of these techniques are practical considerations and the ethics of using cloning and associated procedures in endangered or extinct species. All of these must be examined in concert to determine whether cloning has a place in species conservation. Therefore, we synthesize progress in cloning and associated techniques and dissect the practical and ethical aspects of these methods as they pertain to endangered species conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica B Cowl
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Chester, United Kingdom;
- European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA;
| | - Ruth Appeltant
- Gamete Research Centre, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | | | - Robert K Browne
- Sustainability America, Sarteneja, Corozal District, Belize;
| | - William V Holt
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom;
| | - Linda M Penfold
- South East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, Yulee, Florida, USA;
| | - Aleona Swegen
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Susan L Walker
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Chester, United Kingdom;
- Nature's SAFE, Whitchurch, Shropshire, United Kingdom;
| | - Suzannah A Williams
- Nature's SAFE, Whitchurch, Shropshire, United Kingdom;
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paganelli A, Felici M, Turini L, Baragli P, Carlucci L, Recchia FA, Sgorbini M. Detour test performance of cloned minipigs from three different clone populations. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2137-2144. [PMID: 37452229 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetics, the uterine environment, maternal behavior, and rearing conditions can all influence animal behavioral phenotypes. Some studies on cloned pigs have found no differences between the behavioral patterns of cloned and non-cloned animals. Other studies conducted on dogs have reported similarities in the behavior of cloned subjects. This study evaluated the performance of 12 cloned minipigs from three different clone populations (A, B, C) in a detour test around symmetric and asymmetric barriers. We measured the detour time and patterns, in order to investigate the pigs' cognitive abilities.The detour time and the detour entry/exit pattern were recorded. All the animals tended to keep a fixed entry/exit pattern instead of modifying it to accommodate changes in the working set. Significant differences in detour time were found among the populations, with animals belonging to population B being faster than the others, and also within each population.Our study is one of the few to assess the cognitive abilities of cloned minipigs. The results indicate that even animals belonging to the same cloned population may develop different cognitive, hence behavioral characteristics. Whether cloning can be utilized to obtain similar behavioral phenotypes therefore remains a matter of debate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Paganelli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Martina Felici
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 40-50, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Luca Turini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy.
| | - Paolo Baragli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Lucia Carlucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Fabio Anastasio Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee S, No JG, Choi BH, Kim DK, Hyung N, Park J, Choi MK, Yeom DH, Ji J, Kim DH, Yoo JG. Application of Enzyme-Linked Fluorescence Assay (ELFA) to Obtain In Vivo Matured Dog Oocytes through the Assessment of Progesterone Level. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1885. [PMID: 37889804 PMCID: PMC10251998 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful dog cloning requires a sufficient number of in vivo matured oocytes as recipient oocytes for reconstructing embryos. The accurate prediction of the ovulation day in estrus bitches is critical for collecting mature oocytes. Traditionally, a specific serum progesterone (P4) range in the radioimmunoassay (RIA) system has been used for the prediction of ovulation. In this study, we investigated the use of an enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) system for the measurement of P4. Serum samples of estrus bitches were analyzed using both RIA and ELFA, and the measured P4 values of ELFA were sorted into 11 groups based on the standard concentration measured in RIA and compared. In addition, to examine the tendency of changes in the P4 values in each system, the P4 values on ovulation day (from D - 6 to D + 1) in both systems were compared. The ELFA range of 5.0-12.0 ng/mL was derived from the RIA standard range of 4.0-8.0 ng/mL. The rates of acquired matured oocytes in RIA and ELFA were 55.47% and 65.19%, respectively. The ELFA system successfully produced cloned puppies after the transfer of the reconstructed cloned oocytes. Our findings suggest that the ELFA system is suitable for obtaining in vivo matured oocytes for dog cloning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghoon Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Gu No
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 224, Deogyuwolseong-ro, Hamyang-gun 50000, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.C.); (D.-K.K.)
| | - Dong-Kyo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 224, Deogyuwolseong-ro, Hamyang-gun 50000, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; (B.-H.C.); (D.-K.K.)
| | - Namwoong Hyung
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - JongJu Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Mi-Kyoung Choi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyeon Yeom
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Juyoung Ji
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (J.-G.N.); (N.H.); (J.P.); (M.-K.C.); (D.-H.Y.); (J.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Olsson PO, Yeonwoo J, Park K, Yoo YM, Hwang WS. Live births from urine derived cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278607. [PMID: 36696395 PMCID: PMC9876353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report urine-derived cell (UDC) culture and subsequent use for cloning which resulted in the successful development of cloned canine pups, which have remained healthy into adulthood. Bovine UDCs were used in vitro to establish comparative differences between cell sources. UDCs were chosen as a readily available and noninvasive source for obtaining cells. We analyzed the viability of cells stored in urine over time and could consistently culture cells which had remained in urine for 48hrs. Cells were shown to be viable and capable of being transfected with plasmids. Although primarily of epithelial origin, cells were found from multiple lineages, indicating that they enter the urine from more than one source. Held in urine, at 4°C, the majority of cells maintained their membrane integrity for several days. When compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) derived embryos or those from traditional SCNT, UDC derived embryos did not differ in total cell number or in the number of DNA breaks, measured by TUNEL stain. These results indicate that viable cells can be obtained from multiple species' urine, capable of being used to produce live offspring at a comparable rate to other cell sources, evidenced by a 25% pregnancy rate and 2 live births with no losses in the canine UDC cloning trial. This represents a noninvasive means to recover the breeding capacity of genetically important or infertile animals. Obtaining cells in this way may provide source material for human and animal studies where cells are utilized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyumi Park
- Department of Companion Animal & Animal Resources Science, Joongbu University, Geumsan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Yoo
- Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - W. S. Hwang
- UAE Biotech Research Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brachygnathia Inferior in Cloned Dogs Is Possibly Correlated with Variants of Wnt Signaling Pathway Initiators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010475. [PMID: 35008901 PMCID: PMC8745273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in animals cloned via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been reported. In this study, to produce bomb-sniffing dogs, we successfully cloned four healthy dogs through SCNT using the same donor genome from the skin of a male German shepherd old dog. Veterinary diagnosis (X-ray/3D-CT imaging) revealed that two cloned dogs showed normal phenotypes, whereas the others showed abnormal shortening of the mandible (brachygnathia inferior) at 1 month after birth, even though they were cloned under the same conditions except for the oocyte source. Therefore, we aimed to determine the genetic cause of brachygnathia inferior in these cloned dogs. To determine the genetic defects related to brachygnathia inferior, we performed karyotyping and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for identifying small genetic alterations in the genome, such as single-nucleotide variations or frameshifts. There were no chromosomal numerical abnormalities in all cloned dogs. However, WGS analysis revealed variants of Wnt signaling pathway initiators (WNT5B, DVL2, DACT1, ARRB2, FZD 4/8) and cadherin (CDH11, CDH1like) in cloned dogs with brachygnathia inferior. In conclusion, this study proposes that brachygnathia inferior in cloned dogs may be associated with variants in initiators and/or regulators of the Wnt/cadherin signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee SH, Oh HJ, Kim MJ, Kim GA, Setyawan EMN, Ra K, Abdillah DA, Lee BC. Dog cloning-no longer science fiction. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 53 Suppl 3:133-138. [PMID: 30474338 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the generation of world's first cloned dog, Snuppy, in 2005, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in dogs has been widely applied for producing several kinds of dogs with specific objectives. Previous studies have demonstrated that cloned dogs show normal characteristics in growth, blood parameters and behavioural aspect. Also, canine SCNT technique has been applied to propagate working dogs with excellent abilities in fields such as assistance of disabled people, drugs detection and rescue activity. Because dogs have similar habituation properties and share many characteristics including anatomic and physiological aspects with humans, they are also primary candidates for human disease models. Recently, transgenic dogs that express red fluorescent protein gene constitutively and green fluorescent protein gene conditionally have been generated. In addition, transgenic dogs with an overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in specific muscles were generated to enhance physical performance. In 2017, Snuppy was recloned with markedly increased pregnancy and delivery rates compared to the statistics from when Snuppy was first cloned. Such striking improvements in the cloning of dogs using SCNT procedures suggest that dog cloning could be applied in many fields of biomedical science for human diseases research, and the application of cloning is no longer science fiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hee Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihae Ra
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dimas Arya Abdillah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|