1
|
Giampieri R, Del Prete M, Cantini L, Baleani MG, Bittoni A, Maccaroni E, Berardi R. Optimal management of resected gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1605-1618. [PMID: 29950898 PMCID: PMC6016582 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s151552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in medical treatment for gastric cancer (GC) have been made, surgery remains the mainstay of cure for patients with localized disease. Improvement in surgical modalities leads to increased chance of cure for resected patients, but a non-negligible number of patients eventually relapse. On this basis, it has been hypothesized that the addition of complementary systemic or local treatments (such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy) could help in improving patients' survival by reducing the risk of recurrence. Several studies have tried to identify the best approach in localized GC: some of them have assessed the role of perioperative chemotherapy [CT] with different drug combinations, while others have focused on the benefit obtained by addition of radiotherapy, whose role is still under investigation. In particular, the role of chemoradiotherapy, both in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, is still uncertain. In the last few years, several clinicopathological and molecular factors have been investigated and identified as potential prognostic markers in GC. Many of these factors could have influenced the outcome of patients receiving combined treatments in the abovementioned studies. Patients have not been generally distinguished by the site of disease (esophageal, gastric and junctional cancers) and surgical approach, making data difficult to be interpreted. The purpose of this review was to shed light on these highly controversial topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Giampieri
- Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michela Del Prete
- Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Cantini
- Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Giuditta Baleani
- Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bittoni
- Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Maccaroni
- Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alessandrini L, Manchi M, De Re V, Dolcetti R, Canzonieri V. Proposed Molecular and miRNA Classification of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1683. [PMID: 29882766 PMCID: PMC6032377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant neoplasm worldwide and one of the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite some advances in therapies, long-term survival of patients with advanced disease remains poor. Different types of classification have been used to stratify patients with GC for shaping prognosis and treatment planning. Based on new knowledge of molecular pathways associated with different aspect of GC, new pathogenetic classifications for GC have been and continue to be proposed. These novel classifications create a new paradigm in the definition of cancer biology and allow the identification of relevant GC genomic subsets by using different techniques such as genomic screenings, functional studies and molecular or epigenetic characterization. An improved prognostic classification for GC is essential for the development of a proper therapy for a proper patient population. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art on combining histological and molecular classifications of GC to give an overview of the emerging therapeutic possibilities connected to the latest discoveries regarding GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Alessandrini
- Pathology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Melissa Manchi
- Pathology, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, IRCCS CRO National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei B, Tai Y, Tong H, Wen SL, Tang SH, Huan H, Huang ZY, Liu R, Tang YM, Yang JH, Tang CW, Gao JH. Correlations between VEGF-A expression and prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8461-8469. [PMID: 31966698 PMCID: PMC6965380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) plays a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis. The study aimed to evaluate the expression of VEGF-A in gastric adenocarcinoma and investigate its correlations with tumor clinicopathological features and prognostic significance. VEGF-A expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 90 pairs of human gastric adenocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues. Levels of VEGF-A in gastric adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissues (P=0.018). Furthermore, the result was coincident with that of human gastric adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude-mice (P<0.01). In addition, the VEGF-A expression was positive correlation with TNM stage (P=0.047), tumor size (P=0.028), positive lymph nodes (P=0.002) and lymphovascular invasion (P=0.001). Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that VEGF-A up-regulation indicated a poor prognosis for overall survival (P=0.039). In conclusions, VEGF-A may be used as a biomarker for evaluating both the biological behavior of tumor and the prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yang Tai
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shi-Lei Wen
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Academy of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medicine College, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Shi-Hang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Hui Huan
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ying-Mei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jin-Hang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fuchs CS, Tabernero J, Tomášek J, Chau I, Melichar B, Safran H, Tehfe MA, Filip D, Topuzov E, Schlittler L, Udrea AA, Campbell W, Brincat S, Emig M, Melemed SA, Hozak RR, Ferry D, Caldwell CW, Ajani JA. Biomarker analyses in REGARD gastric/GEJ carcinoma patients treated with VEGFR2-targeted antibody ramucirumab. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:974-982. [PMID: 27623234 PMCID: PMC5061911 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis inhibition is an important strategy for cancer treatment. Ramucirumab, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), inhibits VEGF-A, -C, -D binding and endothelial cell proliferation. To attempt to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers, retrospective analyses were used to assess tumour (HER2, VEGFR2) and serum (VEGF-C and -D, and soluble (s) VEGFR1 and 3) biomarkers in phase 3 REGARD patients with metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. METHODS A total of 152 out of 355 (43%) patients randomised to ramucirumab or placebo had ⩾1 evaluable biomarker result using VEGFR2 immunohistochemistry or HER2, immunohistochemistry or FISH, of blinded baseline tumour tissue samples. Serum samples (32 patients, 9%) were assayed for VEGF-C and -D, and sVEGFR1 and 3. RESULTS None of the biomarkers tested were associated with ramucirumab efficacy at a level of statistical significance. High VEGFR2 endothelial expression was associated with a non-significant prognostic trend toward shorter progression-free survival (high vs low HR=1.65, 95% CI=0.84,3.23). Treatment with ramucirumab was associated with a trend toward improved survival in both high (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.38, 1.22) and low (HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.42, 1.26) VEGFR2 subgroups. The benefit associated with ramucirumab did not appear to differ by tumoural HER2 expression. CONCLUSIONS REGARD exploratory analyses did not identify a strong potentially predictive biomarker of ramucirumab efficacy; however, statistical power was limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Fuchs
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Jiří Tomášek
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 656 53, Czech Republic
| | - Ian Chau
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Onkologicka klinika, Lekarska fakulta Univerzity Palackeho a Fakultni nemocnice, I.P. Pavlova, 6, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Howard Safran
- Brown University Oncology Research Group, 164 Summit Avenue, Fain 3, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA
| | - Mustapha A Tehfe
- Centre Hospitalier de Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke East St, Montreal, Quebec H2L4M1, Canada
| | - Dumitru Filip
- Spitalul Judetean de Urgenta, Strada George Coşbuc 31, Baia Mare 430031, Romania
| | - Eldar Topuzov
- State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education (SBEIHPE), Northwest State Medical University na II Mechnikov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Russia
| | - Luis Schlittler
- Hospital da Cida de Passo Fundo, Rua Tiradentes, 295 Centro, Passo Fundo, 99010-260, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Michael Emig
- Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Werner-Reimers-Straße 2, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe 61352, Germany
| | - Symantha A Melemed
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | - Rebecca R Hozak
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | - David Ferry
- Eli Lilly and Company, 440 Route 22 East, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, USA
| | - C William Caldwell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 426, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Riquelme I, Saavedra K, Espinoza JA, Weber H, García P, Nervi B, Garrido M, Corvalán AH, Roa JC, Bizama C. Molecular classification of gastric cancer: Towards a pathway-driven targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24750-79. [PMID: 26267324 PMCID: PMC4694793 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although surgical resection is a potentially curative approach for localized cases of GC, most cases of GC are diagnosed in an advanced, non-curable stage and the response to traditional chemotherapy is limited. Fortunately, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate GC hold great promise for the development of more effective treatment strategies. In this review, an overview of the morphological classification, current treatment approaches, and molecular alterations that have been characterized for GC are provided. In particular, the most recent molecular classification of GC and alterations identified in relevant signaling pathways, including ErbB, VEGF, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and HGF/MET signaling pathways, are described, as well as inhibitors of these pathways. An overview of the completed and active clinical trials related to these signaling pathways are also summarized. Finally, insights regarding emerging stem cell pathways are described, and may provide additional novel markers for the development of therapeutic agents against GC. The development of more effective agents and the identification of biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized therapy for GC patients, have the potential to improve the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness for GC treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Riquelme
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, CEGIN-BIOREN, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He G, Li LI, Guan E, Chen J, Qin YI, Xie Y. Fentanyl inhibits the progression of human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells by modulating NF-κB-dependent gene expression in vivo. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:563-571. [PMID: 27347181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fentanyl is widely used to treat acute and chronic pain. Previous in vitro studies by the present authors demonstrated that fentanyl inhibits the progression of the MGC-803 human gastric carcinoma cell line by affecting apoptosis-related genes, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphatase and tensin homolog. In the present study, the effects of fentanyl on NF-κB-dependent gene expression were investigated in vivo. Nude mice were inoculated with an MGC-803 cell suspension, and mice that developed subcutaneous tumors measuring >1.0×1.0 cm were selected for study. Mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of fentanyl (0.05 mg/kg, group F1; 0.1 mg/kg, group F2; 0.2 mg/kg, group F3; and 0.4 mg/kg, group F4) for 14 consecutive days. Non-fentanyl-treated mice (group C) and normal saline-treated mice (group N) served as the control groups. Tumor growth was monitored by calculating the time-shift of the growth curve. Morphological changes were also observed using microscopy. The expression of NF-κB, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-cell associated X protein (Bax), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the subcutaneous tumor tissue was also analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, and confirmed using immunohistochemistry. The relative tumor volumes of groups F1, F2, F3 and F4 were significantly reduced compared with groups C and N. Furthermore, subcutaneous tumor cells exhibited nuclear swelling, chromatin condensation, reduced chromatin and nuclear fragmentation in the F1, F2, F3 and F4 groups. The number of NF-κB+, Bcl-2+, VEGF-A+ and MMP-9+ subcutaneous tumor cells was reduced, whereas the number of Bax+ cells was increased in the F1, F2, F3 and F4 groups. Additionally, in these groups, tumor expression of NF-κB, Bcl-2, VEGF-A and MMP-9 transcripts and proteins was downregulated, while Bax messenger RNA and protein expression levels were upregulated. The results revealed that fentanyl inhibits the growth of subcutaneous human gastric carcinoma tumors in mice. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that this antineoplastic activity may result from the inhibition of NF-κB activation, suppression of downstream VEGF-A and MMP-9 expression, and normalization of the pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - L I Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Enjian Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Y I Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pak KH, Jo A, Choi HJ, Choi Y, Kim H, Cheong JH. The different role of intratumoral and peritumoral lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer progression and prognosis. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:498. [PMID: 26141595 PMCID: PMC4491256 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis plays a crucial role in metastasis and tumor progression. However, the significance of intratumoral lymphovascular density (I-LVD) and peritumoral lymphovascular density (P-LVD) has been controversial in gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of clinicopathologic characteristics with respect to I-LVD and P-LVD in gastric cancer. Methods Samples of I-LVD and P-LVD from 66 patients who had undergone radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were assessed after staining with D2-40, an immunostaining marker for lymphatic endothelium. The mean number of lymphatic vessels in three hotspots was calculated in intratumoral and peritumoral areas. Results The peritumoral lymphatics were enlarged with dilated lumens compared to the intratumoral lymphatics. I-LVD was positively correlated with diffuse gastric cancer subtype, tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, tumor node metastasis stage, and overall survival (P <0.05). P-LVD was associated with lymphovascular invasion, node stage, and disease-free survival (P <0.05). Conclusions We conclude that P-LVD had an important role in lymph node metastasis, while I-LVD was more associated with depth of tumor invasion. However, both LVDs contributed to gastric cancer progression and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Pak
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwasung, South Korea.
| | - Ara Jo
- Depatment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hye Ji Choi
- Depatment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Younghee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwasung, South Korea.
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Depatment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 120-752, Seoul, South Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Donizy P, Rudno-Rudzinska J, Kaczorowski M, Kabarowski J, Frejlich E, Kielan W, Matkowski R, Halon A. Disrupted Balance of MMPs/TIMPs in Gastric Carcinogenesis-Paradoxical Low MMP-2 Expression in Tumor and Stromal Compartments as a Potential Marker of Unfavorable Outcome. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:286-93. [PMID: 25965559 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1024316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to find correlations between MMP/TIMP reactivity and the expression of angiogenic factors, and relationships between these parameters and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer patients. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis was used to find cut-off points that enabled fair decision-making in survival analysis. Low levels of MMP-2 expression in tumor and stromal compartments were significantly associated with poor prognosis-the probability that a patient would die within 60 months of surgery if their MMP-2 was low, and was about 0.8 in both neoplastic and stromal compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Donizy
- 1Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji YN, Wang Q, Li Y, Wang Z. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:2787-93. [PMID: 24234334 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is considered as a prime mediator of angiogenesis and has been implicated in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Various studies examined the relationship between VEGF-A overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer, but yielded conflicting results. Electronic databases updated to September 2013 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between VEGF-A overexpression and survival of patients with gastric cancer. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 20 studies that evaluated the correlation between VEGF-A overexpression and survival in patients with gastric cancer. Combined hazard ratios suggested that VEGF-A overexpression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–1.84) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.39–2.32) in patients with gastric cancer. No significant heterogeneity (P = 0.487) was observed among 16 studies for OS and among 7 studies for DFS (P = 0.435). VEGF-A overexpression indicates a poor prognosis for overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lastraioli E, Boni L, Romoli MR, Crescioli S, Taddei A, Beghelli S, Tomezzoli A, Vindigni C, Saragoni L, Messerini L, Bernini M, Bencini L, Giommoni E, Freschi G, Di Costanzo F, Scarpa A, Morgagni P, Farsi M, Roviello F, De Manzoni G, Bechi P, Arcangeli A. VEGF-A clinical significance in gastric cancers: immunohistochemical analysis of a wide Italian cohort. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 40:1291-8. [PMID: 24784776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical significance of VEGF-A expression in gastric cancer (GC) has been reported with contradicting results. We analyzed the expression and clinical significance of VEGF-A in a wide Italian cohort of GC specimens. METHODS VEGF-A expression was tested by immunohistochemistry in 507 patients with GC of all clinical stages. The impact of VEGF-A on overall survival (OS) was evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters. RESULTS In the Italian cohort we studied VEGF-A was not an independent prognostic factor neither at the univariate nor at multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Although frequently expressed, in our study VEGF-A was not able to discriminate between groups of patients with different risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lastraioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - L Boni
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi/Istituto Toscano Tumori, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - M R Romoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Crescioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Taddei
- Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Beghelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Piazzale LA Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - A Tomezzoli
- Pathology Division, Borgo Trento Hospital, Piazzale A Stefani 1, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - C Vindigni
- Pathology Division, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Viale M Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L Saragoni
- Pathology Division, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via C Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - L Messerini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - M Bernini
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Bencini
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Giommoni
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Freschi
- Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - F Di Costanzo
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Piazzale LA Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - P Morgagni
- General Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via C Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - M Farsi
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Roviello
- Department of General Surgery and Oncology, University of Siena, Viale M Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G De Manzoni
- Division of Surgery, University of Verona, Piazzale LA Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - P Bechi
- Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Arcangeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo GA Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park KW, Kim SJ, Oh SY. Clinicopathologic significance of nuclear factor-κB and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in advanced gastric cancer patients. Oncol Res Treat 2014; 37:183-90. [PMID: 24732642 DOI: 10.1159/000360777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The principal objective of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of NF-κB and VEGF expression in gastric cancer. METHODS Tumor tissues of 154 patients with gastric cancer, all of whom underwent potentially curative resection, were immunohistochemically evaluated using monoclonal antibodies against NF-κB and VEGF. RESULTS The positivity rates of NF-κB and VEGF staining were 44.2% and 39.6%, respectively. NF-κB expression in tumor tissues was significantly correlated with VEGF expression (p < 0.001). VEGF expression was related to Lauren's classification (p = 0.002), differentiation (p = 0.043), depth of invasion (p = 0.005), carcinoembryonic antigen expression (p = 0.032), and stage (p = 0.026). Univariate analysis demonstrated that NF-κB expression was significantly related to both the 5-year disease-free survival (65.2% vs. 46.4%, p = 0.007) and the 5-year overall survival (60.0% vs. 42.5%, p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis verified that NF-κB was independently associated with disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.082, p = 0.005) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.841, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION NF-κB expression in tumor tissue is associated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keon Woo Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao W, Fan R, Yang W, Wu Y. VEGF-C expression is associated with the poor survival in gastric cancer tissue. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3377-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
13
|
Zhou XD, Chen HX, Guan RN, Lei YP, Shu X, Zhu Y, Lv NH. Protein kinase B phosphorylation correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor A and microvessel density in gastric adenocarcinoma. J Int Med Res 2013; 40:2124-34. [PMID: 23321169 DOI: 10.1177/030006051204000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The signalling molecule protein kinase B (Akt) modulates many cellular processes. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathways play important roles in tumour angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) in angiogenesis and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A in gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS Tumour tissue and matched healthy gastric mucosa were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection of gastric adenocarcinoma. Akt and pAkt were detected via Western blotting. VEGF-A, pAkt and CD34 were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Akt and pAkt protein levels were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue than in normal tissue (n = 48 patients). Positive VEGF-A immunostaining was significantly associated with pAkt immunostaining. Microvessel density was correlated with both VEGF-A and pAkt positivity. CONCLUSIONS Phosphorylated Akt and VEGF-A are involved in angiogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma, and Akt activation may contribute to angiogenesis via VEGF-A upregulation. The PI3K/Akt/VEGF signalling pathway may be involved in gastric adeno carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X D Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu L, Ma XL, Xiao ZL, Li M, Cheng SH, Wei YQ. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in resected gastric cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3089-97. [PMID: 22994715 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with resected gastric cancer. However, its role remains controversial. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. METHODS Relevant literature was identified using Medline and survival data from published studies were collected following a methodological assessment. Quality assessment of eligible studies and meta-analysis of hazard ratio (HR) were performed to review the correlation of VEGF overexpression with survival and recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 44 published studies with 4,794 resected patients. VEGF subtype for the prediction of overall survival (OS) included tissue VEGF (HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.71-2.65), circulating VEGF (HR=4.22, 95% CI 2.47-7.18), tissue VEGF-C (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.58-3.09), tissue VEGF-D (HR=1.73, 95% CI 1.25-2.40). Subgroup analysis showed that HRs of tissue VEGF for OS were, 1.78 (95% CI 0.90-3.51) and 2.31 (95% CI 1.82-2.93) in non-Asians and Asians, respectively. The meta-analysis was also conducted for disease free survival (DFS) and disease specific survival (DSS). CONCLUSION Positive expression of tissue VEGF, circulating VEGF, VEGF-C and VEGF-D were all associated with poor prognosis in resected gastric cancer. However, VEGF demonstrated no significant prognostic value for non-Asian populations. Circulating VEGF may be better than tissue VEGF in predicting prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Chen X, Fang J, Yang C. Overexpression of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C in gastric cancer correlates with prognosis, and silencing of both is effective to inhibit cancer growth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:586-597. [PMID: 23573305 PMCID: PMC3606848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C are two important molecules involving in tumor development and metastasis via angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. However, the combined effect of VEGF-A and VEGF-C on the growth of gastric cancer (GC) is not clear. METHODS The correlations of VEGF-A and VEGF-C expressions with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis were evaluated in patients with GC. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated RNA interfering (RNAi) targeting VEGF-A and/or VEGF-C was employed to silence their expressions in SGC7901 GC cell line. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured in vitro. Suppressive effect lentivirus-mediated VEGF-A and/or VEGF-C silencing on GC growth was evaluated in GC bearing mice. RESULTS The patients with high expression of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C (A+C+) had larger tumor size, higher peritumoral lymphatic vessel density(P-LVD), microvessel density(MVD), lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI), lymph node(LN) metastasis, and worse prognosis than those with low expression of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C (P<0.05). Lentivirus-mediated RNAi significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in the SGC7901 cells. The Lenti-miRNA-VEGF-A+VEGF-C significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and tumor growth, compared with Lenti-miRNA-VEGF-A or Lenti-miRNA-VEGF-C (P<0.05). In addition, Lenti-miRNA- VEGF-A+VEGF-C markedly lowered the tumor size in vivo in comparison with Lenti-miRNA-VEGF-A or Lenti-miRNA-VEGF-C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Expressions of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C predict worse prognosis of GC patients. Combined silencing of VEGF-A and VEGF-C markedly suppresses cancer growth than silencing of VEGF-A or VEGF-C. Thus, to inhibit the expressions of VEGF-A and VEGF-C may become a novel strategy for the treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Gastroenternology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, PR China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Langheinrich MC, Schellerer V, Perrakis A, Lohmüller C, Schildberg C, Naschberger E, Stürzl M, Hohenberger W, Croner RS. Molecular mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis in solid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2012; 5:614-623. [PMID: 22977656 PMCID: PMC3438765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell dissemination from the primary tumor site to distant organs is one of the characteristic properties of malignant tumors and represents a crucial step in the progression of disease. Although the pattern of spread may vary in different types of carcinomas, dissemination via the lymphatic system represents a common event in metastasis. The extent of lymph node metastasis is one of the major determinants for the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas and guides the therapeutically management. During the last decades, significant attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms that control lymphatic metastasis. The process of lymphangiogenesis has come into the focus. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of newly lymphatics, comprises a series of complex cellular events and is controlled by a balance between pro- and anti-lymphangiogenic signals. This article will briefly describe the lymphatic system and then provide an overview of the molecular players involved in tumor lymphangiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Division of Molecular and Experimental SurgeryGermany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Division of Molecular and Experimental SurgeryGermany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor immunohistochemical expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9473-84. [PMID: 22729879 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a prime mediator of angiogenesis, and has been implicated in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Various studies examined the relationship between VEGF protein overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer, but yielded conflicting results. The prognostic significance of VEGF overexpression in gastric cancer remains controversial. Electronic databases updated to July 2011 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between VEGF overexpression and survival of patients with gastric cancer. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 30 studies (n = 3,999 patients) that evaluated the correlation between VEGF overexpression detected by immunohistochemistry and survival in patients with gastric cancer. Combined hazard ratios suggested that VEGF-A overexpression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) (HR [hazard ratio] = 1.49, 95 % CI [confidence interval]: 1.22-1.77) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.85, 95 % CI: 1.38-2.32) in patients with gastric cancer. However, VEGF-C overexpression did not significantly correlate with OS (HR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 0.92-1.56) or DFS (HR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 0.78-1.52). VEGF-D is an unfavorable indicator of OS (HR = 1.68, 95 % CI: 1.02-2.34) and DFS (HR = 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.07-2.70) in patients with gastric cancer. VEGF-A and VEGF-D overexpression indicated a poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. VEGF-C overexpression was not associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. The prognostic value of VEGF on survival still needs further larger prospective trials to be confirmed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lionello M, Staffieri A, Marioni G. Potential prognostic and therapeutic role for angiogenesis markers in laryngeal carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132:574-82. [PMID: 22497582 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.652308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, fundamental to its growth. The 'angiogenic switch' occurs when pro-angiogenic factors are not balanced by anti-angiogenic factors. A correlation between angiogenic properties and oncological prognosis (for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) too) was first hypothesized in the 1990s. An exhaustive literature review was performed to investigate available data on angiogenesis markers and their biological role and therapeutic potential in LSCC. The prognostic significance of microvascular density in LSCC was investigated with endothelial targets, e.g. CD105, CD34, and CD31. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2, angiogenin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and other biological markers were also studied. Only anti-EGFR therapy has been approved by the USFood and Drug Administration (FDA) for head and neck carcinoma in recent years, while several agents interfering with VEGF and its receptors are being studied. Experimental findings indicate that anti-CD105 monoclonal antibodies efficiently inhibit tumor angiogenesis. There are two main ways to approach the vascular profile of solid malignancies: by inhibiting new vessel formation (anti-angiogenic therapy) or selectively damaging neoplastic vessels (vascular targeting therapy). In advanced LSCC, both these strategies seem promising and warrant further preclinical and clinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lionello
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen J, Li T, Wu Y, He L, Zhang L, Shi T, Yi Z, Liu M, Pang X. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastric carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1799-812. [PMID: 21918901 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize available evidences for the use of VEGF protein to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic role of VEGF expression in Asian patients with gastric cancer. METHOD Searches were applied to MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases until June 2010, without language restrictions. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the impact of VEGF expression on clinicopathological parameters or over survival (OS) in gastric cancer. RESULTS Our combined results showed that VEGF expression in Asian patients with gastric cancer was significantly higher in the case-control studies (1,194 patients and 1,618 controls) (odds ratio [OR] = 112.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 64.12-197.06). All the analyses estimated favored a stronger link between the high VEGF expression and the poor 5-year overall survival (1,236 patients) (risk ratio [RR] = 2.45, 95% CI = 2.11-2.83, P = 0.000). When stratifying the studies by the pathological variables, the depth of invasion (3,094 patients) (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.40-2.71, P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (3,240 patients) (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.29-2.57, P = 0.001), distant metastasis (1,980 patients) (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.22-6.25, P = 0.015), vascular invasion (1,803 patients) (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 2.09-3.27, P = 0.000), and TNM stage (1,819 patients) (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.57-2.36, P = 0.000) provided significant prognostic information. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that VEGF can potently predict the overall survival in Asian patients with gastric cancer. Importantly, VEGF may be converted from candidate to the routine clinical setting for clinicians to predict the outcome of single patient with gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Martins SF, Reis RM, Rodrigues AM, Baltazar F, Filho AL. Role of endoglin and VEGF family expression in colorectal cancer prognosis and anti-angiogenic therapies. World J Clin Oncol 2011; 2:272-80. [PMID: 21773077 PMCID: PMC3139037 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i6.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the cancer models and most of the carcinogenic steps are presently well understood. Therefore, successful preventive measures are currently used in medical practice. However, CRC is still an important public health problem as it is the third most common cancer and the fourth most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide. Nowadays, pathologic stage is a unique and well-recognized prognostic indicator, however, more accurate indicators of the biologic behavior of CRC are expected to improve the specificity of medical treatment. Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth and progression of cancer but its role as a prognostic factor is still controversial. Probably the most important clinical implication of tumor angiogenesis is the development of anti-angiogenic therapy. The goal of this review is to critically evaluate the role of angiogenic markers, assessed by either endoglin-related microvessel density or expression of vascular endothelial growth factor family members in the CRC setting and discuss the role of these angiogenic markers in anti-angiogenic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra F Martins
- Sandra F Martins, Rui M Reis, Fátima Baltazar, Adhemar Longatto Filho, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal - Campos of Gualtar - 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Silván U, Díez-Torre A, Jiménez-Rojo L, Aréchaga J. Vascularization of testicular germ cell tumours: evidence from experimental teratocarcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 33:765-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
22
|
Kadler KE, Baldock C, Bella J, Boot-Handford RP. Collagens at a glance. J Cell Sci 2007; 29:66. [PMID: 20529313 PMCID: PMC2892440 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of gastric cancer patients is difficult to predict because of defects in establishing the surgical-pathological features. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been found to play prominent role in promoting tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Thus raises the hypothesis that the extent of CAFs prevalence may help to establish the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Methods Immunochemistry and realtime-PCR experiments were carried out to compare the expression of proteins which are specific markers of CAFs or secreted by CAFs in the tumor and normal tissue specimens. The extent of CAFs' prevalence was graded according to immunochemical staining, and correlation was further analyzed between CAFs' prevalence and other tumor characteristics which may influence the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Results Nearly 80 percent of normal gastric tissues were negative or weak positive for CAFs staining, while more than 60 percent of gastric cancer tissues were moderate or strong positive for CAFs staining. Realtime-PCR results also showed significant elevated expression of FAP, SDF-1 and TGF-β1 in gastric cancer tissues compared to normal gastric tissues. Further analysis showed that CAFs' prevalence was correlated with tumor size, depth of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis or peritoneum metastasis. Conclusions Reactive cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were frequently accumulated in gastric cancer tissues, and the prevalence of CAFs was correlated with tumor size, depth of the tumor and tumor metastasis, thus give some supports for establishing the prognosis of the gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl E Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|