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Balandeh E, Mohammadshafie K, Mahmoudi Y, Hossein Pourhanifeh M, Rajabi A, Bahabadi ZR, Mohammadi AH, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Roles of Non-coding RNAs and Angiogenesis in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716462. [PMID: 34646821 PMCID: PMC8502969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the significant hallmarks of cancer is angiogenesis. It has a crucial function in tumor development and metastasis. Thus, angiogenesis has become one of the most exciting targets for drug development in cancer treatment. Here we discuss the regulatory effects on angiogenesis in glioblastoma (GBM) of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These ncRNAs may function in trans or cis forms and modify gene transcription by various mechanisms, including epigenetics. NcRNAs may also serve as crucial regulators of angiogenesis-inducing molecules. These molecules include, metalloproteinases, cytokines, several growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and epidermal growth factor), phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transforming growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Balandeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Mahmoudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rajabi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Bahabadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Hassn Mesrati M, Behrooz AB, Y. Abuhamad A, Syahir A. Understanding Glioblastoma Biomarkers: Knocking a Mountain with a Hammer. Cells 2020; 9:E1236. [PMID: 32429463 PMCID: PMC7291262 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent and deadly form of human primary brain tumors. Among them, the most common and aggressive type is the high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which rapidly grows and renders patients a very poor prognosis. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been determined in gliomas and play vital roles in driving tumor growth due to their competency in self-renewal and proliferation. Studies of gliomas have recognized CSCs via specific markers. This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge of the most significant CSCs markers in gliomas in general and in glioblastoma in particular and specifically focuses on their outlook and importance in gliomas CSCs research. We suggest that CSCs should be the superior therapeutic approach by directly targeting the markers. In addition, we highlight the association of these markers with each other in relation to their cascading pathways, and interactions with functional miRNAs, providing the role of the networks axes in glioblastoma signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amir Syahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.M.); (A.B.B.); (A.Y.A.)
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Chen X, Yang F, Zhang T, Wang W, Xi W, Li Y, Zhang D, Huo Y, Zhang J, Yang A, Wang T. MiR-9 promotes tumorigenesis and angiogenesis and is activated by MYC and OCT4 in human glioma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:99. [PMID: 30795814 PMCID: PMC6385476 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma, characterized by its undesirable prognosis and poor survival rate, is a serious threat to human health and lives. MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) is implicated in the regulation of multiple tumors, while the mechanisms underlying its aberrant expression and functional alterations in human glioma are still controversial. METHODS Expressions of miR-9 were measured in GEO database, patient specimens and glioma cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were applied to identify the effects of miR-9 on glioma cells and HUVECs in vitro and in vivo. Potential targets of miR-9 were predicted by bioinformatics and further verified via in vitro experiments. Transcriptional regulation of miR-9 by MYC and OCT4 was determined in glioma cells. RESULTS MiR-9 was frequently up-regulated in glioma specimens and cells, and could significantly enhance proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, miR-9 could be secreted from glioma cells via exosomes and was then absorbed by vascular endothelial cells, leading to an increase in angiogenesis. COL18A1, THBS2, PTCH1 and PHD3 were verified as the direct targets of miR-9, which could elucidate the miR-9-induced malignant phenotypes in glioma cells. MYC and OCT4 were able to bind to the promoter region of miR-9 to trigger its transcription. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that miR-9 is pivotal for glioma pathogenesis and can be treated as a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Navy Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
- Nuclear Medicine Diagnostic Center, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- First Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Navy Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Angang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 People’s Republic of China
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