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Abstract
Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs), belonging to the subgroup of family A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are of crucial importance in the perception of bitterness. Although in the first instance, TAS2Rs were considered to be exclusively distributed in the apical microvilli of taste bud cells, numerous studies have detected these sensory receptor proteins in several extra-oral tissues, such as in pancreatic or ovarian tissues, as well as in their corresponding malignancies. Critical points of extra-oral TAS2Rs biology, such as their structure, roles, signaling transduction pathways, extensive mutational polymorphism, and molecular evolution, have been currently broadly studied. The TAS2R cascade, for instance, has been recently considered to be a pivotal modulator of a number of (patho)physiological processes, including adipogenesis or carcinogenesis. The latest advances in taste receptor biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TAS2Rs as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in various disorders. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide an update on the expression and molecular basis of TAS2Rs functions in distinct extra-oral tissues in health and disease. We shall also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel TAS2Rs targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Tuzim
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korolczuk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Kojima T, Maeda T, Suzuki A, Yamamori T, Kato Y. Intracellular zinc-dependent TAS2R8 gene expression through CTCF activation. Biomed Res 2021; 41:217-225. [PMID: 33071257 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Taste-2 receptors (TAS2Rs), which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, are receptors for bitter taste perception. The aim of this study was to investigate whether zinc deficiency affects the expression of TAS2R genes. The promoter activity of the TAS2R7, TAS2R8, and TAS2R42 genes were determined in Ca9-22 oral squamous cell carcinoma cells cultured in the presence or absence of zinc. Luciferase reporter assays showed that zinc deprivation inhibited TAS2R8 promoter activity, but not the promoter activity of the other two genes. Treatment of the cells with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN), an intracellular chelator of Zn2+, in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum reduced TAS2R8 promoter activity. Truncation/deletion mutants of TAS2R8 promoter-luciferase constructs showed that the region from nucleotide -1152 to nucleotide -925 was critical for intracellular zinc dependency and contained a CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding motif. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) assay showed that CTCF bound specifically to this region, a binding abrogated by zinc deficiency, suggesting that CTCF plays a critical role in zinc-dependent bitter taste perception through TAS2R8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kojima
- Departments of Oral Rehabilitation, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Departments of Oral Rehabilitation, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Departments of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Departments of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Departments of Oral Rehabilitation, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Departments of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Yasumasa Kato
- Departments of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry.,Departments of Oral Physiology and Biochemistry, Ohu University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Meng L, Song Z, Liu A, Dahmen U, Yang X, Fang H. Effects of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in Infections, Inflammatory Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681810. [PMID: 34295331 PMCID: PMC8290185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, which is induced by the immune response, is recognized as the driving factor in many diseases, including infections and inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and cancers. Genetic variations in pivotal genes associated with the immune response, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), may account for predisposition and clinical outcome of diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) functions as an enhancer of the host response to LPS, the main component of the outer membrane of gram-native bacteria. Given the crucial role of LBP in inflammation, we will review the impact of SNPs in the LBP gene on infections and inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zichen Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiao Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoshu Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Corrado A, Aceto R, Silvestri R, Dell'Anno I, Ricci B, Miglietta S, Romei C, Giovannoni R, Poliseno L, Evangelista M, Vitiello M, Cipollini M, Garritano S, Giusti L, Zallocco L, Elisei R, Landi S, Gemignani F. Pro64His (rs4644) Polymorphism Within Galectin-3 Is a Risk Factor of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Affects the Transcriptome of Thyrocytes Engineered via CRISPR/Cas9 System. Thyroid 2021; 31:1056-1066. [PMID: 33308024 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Galectin-3 (LGALS3) is an important glycoprotein involved in the malignant transformation of thyrocytes acting in the extracellular matrix, cytoplasm, and nucleus where it regulates TTF-1 and TCF4 transcription factors. Within LGALS3 gene, a common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (c.191C>A, p.Pro64His; rs4644) encoding for the variant Proline to Histidine at codon 64 has been extensively studied. However, data on rs4644 in the context of thyroid cancer are lacking. Thus, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the role of the rs4644 SNP as risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and to determine the effect on the transcriptome in thyrocytes. Methods: A case/control association study in 1223 controls and 1142 unrelated consecutive DTC patients was carried out to evaluate the association between rs4644-P64H and the risk of DTC. We used the nonmalignant cell line Nthy-Ori (rs4644-C/A) and the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to generate isogenic cells carrying either the rs4644-A/A or rs4644-C/C homozygosis. Then, the transcriptome of the derivative and unmodified parental cells was analyzed by RNA-seq. Genes differentially expressed were validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and further tested in the parental Nthy-Ori cells after LGALS3 gene silencing, to investigate whether the expression of target genes was dependent on galectin-3 levels. Results: rs4644 AA genotype was associated with a reduced risk of DTC (compared with CC, ORadj = 0.66; 95% confidence interval = 0.46-0.93; Pass = 0.02). We found that rs4644 affects galectin-3 as a transcriptional coregulator. Among 34 genes affected by rs4644, HES1, HSPA6, SPC24, and NHS were of particular interest since their expression was rs4644-dependent (CC>AA for the first and AA>CC for the others), also in 574 thyroid tissues of Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) biobank. Moreover, the expression of these genes was regulated by LGALS3-silencing. Using the proximity ligation assay in Nthy-Ori cells, we found that the TTF-1 interaction was genotype dependent. Conclusions: Our data show that in thyroid, rs4644 is a trans-expression quantitative trait locus that can modify the transcriptional expression of downstream genes, through the modulation of TTF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda Corrado
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romina Aceto
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Silvestri
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Dell'Anno
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ricci
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S., Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Miglietta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Romei
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Poliseno
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Monica Cipollini
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Garritano
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Genetic Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Smith N, Saunders D, Jensen RL, Towner RA. Association of decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein with OKN-007-induced regression of tumor growth in an F98 rat glioma model. J Neurosurg 2019; 133:1695-1703. [PMID: 31628293 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.jns182435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-grade gliomas, such as glioblastoma (GBM), are devastating tumors with a very poor prognosis. Previously the authors have found that the nitrone compound OKN-007 (OKlahoma Nitrone 007; or disodium 4-[(tert-butyl-imino) methyl] benzene-1,3-disulfonate N-oxide) is effective against high-grade gliomas in various GBM rodent and human xenograft models. The purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in rodent gliomas treated with OKN-007 as well as determine the expression of LBP in human gliomas. METHODS Microarray analysis was done to assess altered gene expression following OKN-007 administration in an F98 glioma model. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was incorporated to assess LBP levels in glioma tissues, as well as blood serum, comparing results in OKN-007-treated and untreated tumor-bearing animals. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess LBP levels in varying grades of human glioma tissue sections. RESULTS Upon further assessment of gene expression fold changes in F98 gliomas in rats that received or did not receive OKN-007, it was found that the gene for LBP was significantly downregulated by OKN-007. Further investigation was done to see whether levels of LBP were affected by OKN-007 treatment in F98 gliomas. It was found that LBP could be detected not only in glioma tissue but also in blood serum of F98 glioma-bearing rats and that OKN-007 decreased the levels of LBP. It was also found that LBP levels are highly expressed in human high-grade glioma tissues. CONCLUSIONS LBP could potentially be used as a serum diagnostic marker of treatment response in high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Smith
- 1Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Debra Saunders
- 1Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
| | - Randy L Jensen
- 2Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rheal A Towner
- 1Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and
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Wang H, Song X, Huang Q, Xu T, Yun D, Wang Y, Hu L, Yan Y, Chen H, Lu D, Chen J. LGALS3 Promotes Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma and Is Associated with Tumor Risk and Prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:760-769. [PMID: 30341098 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LGALS3 promotes tumor progression in diverse cancers. However, the involvement of LGALS3 in glioblastoma has not yet been broadly illuminated. METHODS Microarray was performed to detect the gene expression profiles of radioresistance in T98G cells and identified a universally upregulated gene, LGALS3. The impact of LGALS3 on the survival of glioblastoma cells facing ionizing irradiation or temozolomide was investigated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). A total of 120 glioblastoma cases were collected to analyze the relationship between LGALS3 expression and patient prognosis. Another 961 patients with glioma and 1,351 healthy controls were recruited to study the association of SNPs across the LGALS3 gene with glioblastoma susceptibility. The functional SNP sites were also studied in cellular experiments. RESULTS An effective protection of LGALS3 from ionizing irradiation or temozolomide-induced cell death in T98G and U251 cells was found. In addition, high expression of LGALS3 could work as an independent risk factor for survival of patients with glioblastoma. Two SNP sites (rs4644 and rs4652) across the LGALS3 gene were associated with increased risk for glioblastoma, and the C allele of rs4652 and the A allele of rs4644 could enhance glioblastoma resistance to radio-chemotherapy, but not cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LGALS3 is an important biomarker influencing glioblastoma risk and prognosis and a potential target for treating the malignancy, especially ones with resistance against the standard therapy. IMPACT LGALS3 promotes glioblastoma cells' resistance to ionizing irradiation and temozolomide and predicts poor prognosis. Targeting LGALS3 may limit the therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma and increase patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingna Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Institute of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu K, Jaggupilli A, Premnath D, Chelikani P. Plasticity of the ligand binding pocket in the bitter taste receptor T2R7. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:991-999. [PMID: 29355483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are a group of 25 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in humans. The cognate agonists and the mechanism of ligand binding to the majority of the T2Rs remain unknown. Here we report the first structure-function analysis of T2R7 and study the ability of this receptor to bind to different agonists by site-directed mutagenesis. Screening of ligands for T2R7 in calcium based assays lead to the identification of novel compounds that activate this receptor. Quinine, diphenidol, dextromethorphan and diphenhydramine showed substantial activation of T2R7. Interestingly, these bitter compounds showed different pharmacological characteristics. To investigate the structural features in T2R7 that might contribute to the observed differences in agonist specificities, molecular model guided ligand docking and site-directed mutagenesis was pursued. Amino acids D65, D86, W89, N167, T169, W170, S181, T255 and E271 in the ligand-binding pocket were replaced and the mutants characterized pharmacologically. Our results suggest D86, S181 and W170 present on the extracellular side of transmembrane 3 (TM3), TM5 and in extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) are essential for agonist binding in T2R7. Mutations of these amino acids lead to loss-of-function. We also identified gain-of-function residues that are agonist specific. These results suggest that agonists bind at an extracellular site rather than deep within the TM core involving residues present in both ECL2 and TM helices in T2R7. Similar to majority of the Class A GPCRs, ECL2 in T2R7 plays a significant role in agonist binding and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- From the Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4. Canada
| | - Appalaraju Jaggupilli
- From the Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4. Canada
| | - Dhanaraj Premnath
- From the Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4. Canada
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- From the Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W4. Canada.
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Shi Y, Lin X, Chen G, Yan J, Ying M, Zheng X. Galectin-3 rs4652 A>C polymorphism is associated with the risk of gastric carcinoma and P-glycoprotein expression level. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8144-8149. [PMID: 29250191 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 serves an important function in cancer development and progression. The present study aimed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in galectin-3, and the susceptibility to chemotherapy drug resistance of gastric carcinoma. The present study was a case-control study including 479 patients with gastric carcinoma and 458 cancer-free controls in a population from the Fujian province in Southeast China. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry was used to determine the genotype of rs4644 and rs4652, and immunohistochemistry was used to identify the expression level of various proteins associated with chemotherapeutic drug resistance. The results revealed that individuals exhibiting the rs4652 CA/AA genotype had a significantly increased risk of developing gastric carcinoma compared with the rs4652 CC genotype (adjusted odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.18; adjusted P=0.03). In addition, it was demonstrated that there were significant differences in the P-glycoprotein expression level depending on rs4652 genotypic distributions (χ2=9.063; P=0.028). Therefore, the present study demonstrated that rs4652 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the galectin-3 gene contribute to the susceptibility to and chemotherapeutic drug resistance of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Mingang Ying
- Department of Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwei Zheng
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
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Seo Y, Kim YS, Lee KE, Park TH, Kim Y. Anti-cancer stemness and anti-invasive activity of bitter taste receptors, TAS2R8 and TAS2R10, in human neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176851. [PMID: 28467517 PMCID: PMC5414998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) originates from immature neuronal cells and currently has a poor clinical outcome. NB cells possess cancer stem cells (CSCs) characteristics that facilitate the initiation of a tumor, as well as its metastasis. Human bitter taste receptors, referred to as TAS2Rs, are one of five types of basic taste receptors and they belong to a family of G-protein coupled receptors. The recent finding that taste receptors are expressed in non-gustatory tissues suggest that they mediate additional functions distinct from taste perception. While it is generally admitted that the recognition of bitter tastes may be associated with a self-defense system to prevent the ingestion of poisonous food compounds, this recognition may also serve as a disease-related function in the human body. In particular, the anti-cancer stemness and invasion effects of TAS2Rs on NB cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, endogenous expression of TAS2R8 and TAS2R10 in SK-N-BE(2)C and SH-SY5Y cells was examined. In addition, higher levels of TAS2R8 and TAS2R10 expression were investigated in more differentiated SY5Y cells. Both TAS2Rs were up-regulated following the induction of neuronal cell differentiation by retinoic acid. In addition, ectopic transfection of the two TAS2Rs induced neurite elongation in the BE(2)C cells, and down-regulated CSCs markers (including DLK1, CD133, Notch1, and Sox2), and suppressed self-renewal characteristics. In particular, TAS2RS inhibited tumorigenicity. Furthermore, when TAS2Rs was over-expressed, cell migration, cell invasion, and matrix metalloproteinases activity were inhibited. Expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, a well-known regulator of tumor metastasis, as well as its downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter-1, were also suppressed by TAS2Rs. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that TAS2Rs targets CSCs by suppressing cancer stemness characteristics and NB cell invasion, thereby highlighting the chemotherapeutic potential of bitter taste receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Seo
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Li G, Liu N, Wang Z, Xu X, Qi J, Ren D, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Tu Y. Genetic variants of SOX9 contribute to susceptibility of gliomas among Chinese population. Oncotarget 2016; 7:65916-65922. [PMID: 27589569 PMCID: PMC5323202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas make up about 80% of all malignant brain tumors, and cause serious public health problem. Genetic factors and environmental factors jointly caused the development of gliomas, and understanding of the genetic basis is a key component of preventive oncology. However, most genetic factors underlying carcinogenesis of gliomas remain largely unclear. In current study, we systematically evaluated whether genetic variants of SOX9 gene, a transcription factor that plays a central role in the development and differentiation of tumors, contribute to susceptibility of gliomas among Chinese population using a two-stage, case-control study. Results showed that SOX9 rs1042667 was significant associated with increased gliomas risk after adjusted by age, gender, family history of cancer, smoking status and alcohol status (Allele C vs A: OR=1.25; 95% CI=1.11-1.40; P=1.2×10-4). Compared with the carriers of genotype AA, both those of genotype AC (OR=1.37; 95% CI=1.13-1.66) and CC (OR=1.53; 95% CI=1.22-1.91) had significantly increased gliomas risk. This should be the first genetic association study which aims to evaluated the association between genetic variants of SOX9 and susceptibility of gliomas. Additional functional and association studies with different ethnic groups included are needed to further confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiaoshan Xu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Dongni Ren
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Pengxing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Administrative, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
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