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Karami P, Gholamin D, Johari-Ahar M. Electrochemical immunoassay for one-pot detection of thyroxin (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) using magnetic and Janus nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04767-8. [PMID: 37254003 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) hormones profoundly help clinicians diagnose hyper- and hypothyroidism. This work demonstrates the development of a sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay using Janus and magnetic nanoparticles for one-pot detection of thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The signaling probe was developed by preparing Janus cadmium (CdO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs decorated by T4/TSH-specific molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPT4-CdO and MIPTSH-ZnO). The capture probe was obtained by coating magnetic Fe3O4 NPs with 1,3-Bis(3-carboxy propyl) tetramethyl disiloxane and activating using N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), and finally conjugating with T4/TSH-specific antibodies. To analyze T4 and TSH in actual samples, MIPT4-CdO and MIPTSH-ZnO were added to the sample solutions, and after incubation, capture probes (Fe3O4-AbTSH and Fe3O4-AbT4) were added. An external magnetic field was used to separate the sandwiched nanosystem, followed by adding a dilute solution of nitric acid (HNO3) to dissolve CdO and ZnO NPs and free Cd(II) and Zn(II) cations. The concentration of these cations was determined using constant-current potentiometric stripping analysis (cc-PSA) on screen-printed electrodes (SPE) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The obtained signals for Cd(II) and Zn(II) were proportional to T4 and TSH concentrations. Limits of detection (LOD) for T4 and TSH analyses were respectively 0.02 ng.dL-1 and 0.0002 µU.mL-1 with a linear range of 0.05-50 ng.dL-1 and 0.001-100 µU.mL-1. The proposed nanosystem's main advantage is the simultaneous detection of T4 and TSH in clinical samples with high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Karami
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Danial Gholamin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Johari-Ahar
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Kapitanov GI, Chabot JR, Narula J, Roy M, Neubert H, Palandra J, Farrokhi V, Johnson JS, Webster R, Jones HM. A Mechanistic Site-Of-Action Model: A Tool for Informing Right Target, Right Compound, And Right Dose for Therapeutic Antagonistic Antibody Programs. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:731340. [DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.731340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative modeling is increasingly utilized in the drug discovery and development process, from the initial stages of target selection, through clinical studies. The modeling can provide guidance on three major questions–is this the right target, what are the right compound properties, and what is the right dose for moving the best possible candidate forward. In this manuscript, we present a site-of-action modeling framework which we apply to monoclonal antibodies against soluble targets. We give a comprehensive overview of how we construct the model and how we parametrize it and include several examples of how to apply this framework for answering the questions postulated above. The utilities and limitations of this approach are discussed.
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Ozcan HM, Aydin UD. A simple immunosensor for thyroid stimulating hormone. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:61-70. [PMID: 33410369 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1867153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in serum or plasma is defined as a sensitive method for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and also in many diseases thought to be related to TSH levels. In this study, a novel simple impedimetric immunosensor based on polyamidoamine dendrimer was developed. Anti TSH antibody was immobilized on the gold electrode by using cysteamine self-assembled monolayer strategy. In constructing the immunosensor, a polyamidoamine dendrimer was used to increase the surface area in which Antı-TSH was immobilized and glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker. After each immobilization step, the electrode surface was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques and optimization studies were performed. The reproducibility, repeatability, linearity and sensitivity of the immunosensor were examined. Also, the interference experiments for glucose, salts and proteins in serum were performed. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of the proposed immunosensor were 0.026 mIUL-1 and 0.086 mIUL-1, respectively and it was able to detect the amount of TSH within a linear range of 0.1-0.6 mIUL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakki Mevlut Ozcan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Umut Deniz Aydin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Asav E. Development of a functional impedimetric immunosensor for accurate detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:819-834. [PMID: 34385869 PMCID: PMC8329345 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2012-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which regulates the synthesis of thyroid gland hormones affecting the whole metabolism, is a pituitary hormone. Determination of TSH is crucial for monitoring thyroid gland-related disorders and some metabolic diseases.In this study, a nonlabeled immunosensor based on covalent immobilization of anti-TSH antibody by using the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (4-MPA) and functionalization of carboxyl ends with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimide (EDC)/N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was fabricated for detection of TSH. Immobilization steps including the concentration of 4-MPA, the concentration of anti-TSH antibody, and duration of anti-TSH antibody incubation were optimized by utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, a sensitive, rapid, and accurate determination of TSH at a concentration range between 0.7 and 3.5 mIU/L was accomplished with a notable linearity and LOD value of 0.034 mIU/L, as well as reproducibility and repeatability. Moreover, for comparison, linear range experiments were also carried out by using other electrochemical methods, including linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and capacitance spectroscopy. Finally, the constructed immunosensor was used for analyzing TSH levels spiked in the artificial serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Asav
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health, Kırklareli University Turkey
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Vaish A, Lin JS, McBride HJ, Grandsard PJ, Chen Q. Binding affinity determination of therapeutic antibodies to membrane protein targets: Kinetic Exclusion Assay using cellular membranes for anti-CD20 antibody. Anal Biochem 2020; 609:113974. [PMID: 33010205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics targeting membrane proteins have evolved as a major modality for the treatment of cancer, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. There are numerous challenges, ranging from desired epitope expression to reliable binding/functional assays which are associated with developing antibodies for this target class. Specifically, having a robust methodology for characterizing antibody interaction with a membrane protein target is essential for providing guidance on dosing, potency and thus expected efficacy. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) has been commonly used to characterize antibodies binding to membrane protein targets. FACS provides information about the antibody-receptor complex (antibody bound to cells) and the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (KD') is elucidated by fitting the antibody-receptor binding isotherm as a function of total antibody concentration to a nonlinear regression model. Conversely, Kinetic Exclusion Assay (KinExA) has been used to measure solution-based equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of antibodies. Here, KD is determined by measuring the free antibody concentration at equilibrium in a series of solutions in which the antibody is at constant concentration and the receptor (either in the membrane or the cell) is titrated. We measured the binding affinity of the anti-CD20 antibody, Rituximab, using both FACS and KinExA. There was ~25-fold difference in the binding affinity measured by these two techniques. We have explored this discrepancy through additional experiments around the mathematical framework involved in the analysis of these two different binding assays. Finally, our study concluded that KinExA enables accurate measurement of the KD for strong protein-protein interactions (sub-nanomolar values) compared to FACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Vaish
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Joanne S Lin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Helen J McBride
- Technology Transfer and Corporate Partnerships, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Grandsard
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
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Hamidaddin MA, AlRabiah H, Darwish IA. Development and comparative evaluation of two immunoassay platforms for bioanalysis of crizotinib: A potent drug used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Talanta 2019; 201:217-225. [PMID: 31122414 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes, for the first time, the development of two platforms of competitive fluorescent immunoassays for bioanalysis of crizotinib (CZT), a potent drug used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These platforms were microwell-based heterogeneous fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) and a kinetic exclusion assay (KinExA) with KinExA™ 3200 immunosensor. Both FIA and KinExA were developed using same reagents; mouse anti-CZT antibody and a capturing reagent of CZT conjugated with bovine serum albumin (CZT-BSA). In the FIA, the CZT-BSA coated onto the microwells of the assay plate was present simultaneously in the assay mixture (CZT and its antibody). In the KinExA, the antibody was allowed to pre-equilibrate with CZT, and then the incubation mixture was rapidly passed through a microcolumn containing CZT-BSA coated onto polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads. The analytical performances of both assays were comparatively evaluated in terms of assay working range, limit of detection, precision profile, and accuracy. The results revealed that KinExA yielded higher sensitivity and better precision than FIA; whereas, both assays had comparable accuracies. Both FIA and KinExA were superior to all the existing chromatographic methods for CZT in terms of the assay sensitivity, convenience, analysis throughputs. The proposed FIA and KinExA are anticipated to effectively contribute to the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of CZT in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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AlRabiah H, Hamidaddin MA, Darwish IA. Automated flow fluorescent noncompetitive immunoassay for measurement of human plasma levels of monoclonal antibodies used for immunotherapy of cancers with KinExA™ 3200 biosensor. Talanta 2018; 192:331-338. [PMID: 30348399 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes, for the first time, the development of an automated sensitive flow fluorescent noncompetitive immunoassay based on kinetic-exclusion analysis (KinExA) for the quantitative determination of human plasma levels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used for cancer immunotherapy. The assay was adapted on KinExA™ 3200 biosensor and optimized and validated for bevacizumab (BEV) and cetuximab (CET), as representative examples of the mAbs, using their specific antigens. These antigens were the human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for BEV and CET, respectively. The limits of detection were 1.28 and 52.64 ng mL-1 for BEV and CET, respectively. The accuracy of the assay was demonstrated with analytical recovery of analytes from spiked plasma at 96.2-104.3 and 96.8-105.3% for BEV and CET, respectively. The precision of the assay was satisfactory as shown by relative standard deviation (RSD) at 2.2-5.7 and 2.5-6.1% for assay of BEV and CET, respectively. The high sensitivity of the assay allowed the use of very small volumes (~ 1 µL) of plasma sample for analysis. Automated analysis by the proposed KinExA-based assay facilitates the processing of large numbers of mAbs-containing specimens in studies of pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of therapeutic mAbs. The proposed assay can be used to overcome the problems encountered in the existing conventional immunoassays for mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Ângelo ML, Moreira FDL, Morais Ruela AL, Santos ALA, Salgado HRN, de Araújo MB. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Rosuvastatin in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018. [PMID: 29533074 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1439364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin calcium (ROS), ( Figure 1 ) belongs to the "statins" group, which is the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. This drug is indicated for dyslipidemias treatment and can help to decrease the level of "bad cholesterol" and can consequently reduce the development of atherosclerosis and the risk of heart diseases. ROS was developed by Astra-Zeneca and it was approved in 2003 by the FDA in the United States. In 2015, under the trade name Crestor®, it was the fourth largest selling drug in the United States with sales above $5 billion. This study presents a literature review of analytical methods for the quantification of ROS in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The major analytical methods described in this study for ROS were spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ultraviolet (UV) detection, and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Lopes Ângelo
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas , Alfenas , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Lima Moreira
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - André Luís Morais Ruela
- c Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia , Vitória da Conquista , Bahia , Brazil
| | | | | | - Magali Benjamim de Araújo
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas , Alfenas , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Li J, Wang M, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Peng Z. Validation of UPLC method on the determination of formaldehyde in smoked meat products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1479714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junke Li
- College of Food Engineering, LuDong University, Yantai, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyi Liu
- College of Food Engineering, LuDong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengqi Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
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Wani TA, Zargar S, Majid S, Darwish IA. Analytical Application of Flow Immunosensor in Detection of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine in Serum. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:535-542. [PMID: 27801595 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an immunosensor based on kinetic exclusion analysis (KinExA) was used for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) estimation. A KinExA™ 3200 instrument was used for this analysis, which is an automated flow fluorimeter designed to separate free unbound antibody binding sites in reaction mixtures of antibody, antigen, and antibody-antigen complex. A T3-BSA- and T4-BSA-coated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bead microcolumn is generated inside the flow cell of the instrument. A sample mixture containing T3 and T4 with their respective monoclonal antibodies and their complexes are drawn past the microbead column. The unbound T3 or T4 monoclonal antibody binding sites are captured by their respective T3 and T4 antigens coated on the PMMA beads as bovine serum albumin conjugates. Fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies bind to the T3 or T4 antigen-antibody complex to generate fluorescence intensity for analysis. The limit of detection for the T3 and T4 assays was found to be 0.06 and 1.9 ng mL-1 with acceptable precision values. The convenience of the automated KinExA format may be valuable in medical diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Majid
- 3 Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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