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He Y, Hou P, Long Z, Zheng Y, Tang C, Jones E, Diao X, Zhu M. Application of Electro-Activated Dissociation Fragmentation Technique to Identifying Glucuronidation and Oxidative Metabolism Sites of Vepdegestrant by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:634-643. [PMID: 38830773 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolite identification is an integrated part of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies in drug discovery and development. Definitive identification of metabolic modification sides of test compounds such as screening metabolic soft spots and supporting metabolite synthesis are often required. Currently, liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry is the dominant analytical platform for metabolite identification. However, the interpretation of product ion spectra generated by commonly used collision-induced disassociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) often fails to identify locations of metabolic modifications, especially glucuronidation. Recently, a ZenoTOF 7600 mass spectrometer equipped with electron-activated dissociation (EAD-HRMS) was introduced. The primary objective of this study was to apply EAD-HRMS to identify metabolism sites of vepdegestrant (ARV-471), a model compound that consists of multiple functional groups. ARV-471 was incubated in dog liver microsomes and 12 phase I metabolites and glucuronides were detected. EAD generated unique product ions via orthogonal fragmentation, which allowed for accurately determining the metabolism sites of ARV-471, including phenol glucuronidation, piperazine N-dealkylation, glutarimide hydrolysis, piperidine oxidation, and piperidine lactam formation. In contrast, CID and HCD spectral interpretation failed to identify modification sites of three O-glucuronides and three phase I metabolites. The results demonstrated that EAD has significant advantages over CID and HCD in definitive structural elucidation of glucuronides and phase I metabolites although the utility of EAD-HRMS in identifying various types of drug metabolites remains to be further evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Definitive identification of metabolic modification sites by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry is highly needed in drug metabolism research, such as screening metabolic soft spots and supporting metabolite synthesis. However, commonly used collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation techniques often fail to provide critical information for definitive structural elucidation. In this study, the electron-activated dissociation (EAD) was applied to identifying glucuronidation and oxidative metabolism sites of vepdegestrant, which generated significantly better results than CID and HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Pengyi Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Zhimin Long
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Yuandong Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Chongzhuang Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Elliott Jones
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.Z., X.D.); University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Y.H., X.D.); Sciex, Beijing, People's Republic of China (P.H., Z.L.); XenoFinder Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China (C.T., M.Z.); AB Sciex LLC, Framingham, Massachusetts (E.J.); and MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, New Jersey (M.Z.)
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Chen C, Tian J, Gao X, Qin X, Du G, Zhou Y. An integrated strategy to study the combination mechanisms of Bupleurum chinense DC and Paeonia lactiflora Pall for treating depression based on correlation analysis between serum chemical components profiles and endogenous metabolites profiles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116068. [PMID: 36574791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bupleurum chinense DC-Paeonia lactiflora Pall (BCD-PLP) is a common clinical herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions commonly used to treat depression. However, its combination mechanisms with its anti-depressive effects remain highly unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, an effective strategy has been developed to study the combination mechanisms of Bupleurum chinense DC (BCD) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PLP) by integrating serum pharmacochemistry analysis, metabolomics technology, and molecular docking technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the depression model rats were replicated by the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure, and the difference in the chemical composition in vivo before and after the combination of BCD and PLP was analyzed by integrating background subtraction and multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Then, UPLC/HRMS-based serum metabolomics was performed to analyze the synergistic effect on metabolite regulation before and after the combination of BCD and PLP. Further, the correlation analysis between the differential exogenous chemical components and the differential endogenous metabolites before and after the combination was employed to dissect the combination mechanisms from a global perspective of combining metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry. Finally, the molecular docking between the differential chemical components and the key metabolic enzymes was applied to verify the regulatory effect of the differential exogenous chemical components on the differential endogenous metabolites. RESULTS The serum pharmacochemistry analysis results demonstrated that the combination of BCD and PLP could significantly affect the content of 10 components in BCD (including 5 prototype components were significantly decreased and 5 metabolites were significantly increased) and 8 components in PLP (including 4 prototype components and 3 metabolites were significantly increased, 1 metabolite was significantly decreased), which indicated that the combination could enhance BCD prototype components' metabolism and the absorption of the PLP prototype components. Besides, metabolomics results indicated that the BCD-PLP herb pair group significantly reversed more metabolites (8) than BCD and PLP single herb group (5 & 4) and has a stronger regulatory effect on metabolite disorders caused by CUMS. Furthermore, the correlation analysis results suggested that saikogenin F and saikogenin G were significantly positively correlated with the endogenous metabolite itaconate, an endogenous anti-inflammatory metabolite; and benzoic acid was significantly positively correlated with D-serine, an endogenous metabolite with an antidepressant effect. Finally, the molecular docking results further confirmed that the combination of BCD and PLP could affect the activities of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase and D-amino acid oxidase by increasing the in vivo concentration of saikogenin F and benzoic acid, which further enhances its anti-inflammatory activity and anti-depressive effect. CONCLUSIONS In this study, an effective strategy has been developed to study the combination mechanisms of BCD and PLP by integrating serum pharmacochemistry analysis, multivariate statistical analysis, metabolomics technology, and molecular docking technology. Based on this strategy, the present study indicated that the combination of BCD and PLP could affect the activities of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase and D-amino acid oxidase by increasing the concentration of saikogenin F and benzoic acid in vivo, which further enhances its anti-depressive effect. In short, this strategy will provide a reliable method for elucidating the herb-herb compatibility mechanism of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Junshen Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, PR China.
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