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Milosheska D, Roškar R. Simple HPLC-UV Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of 12 Antiepileptic Drugs and Their Main Metabolites in Human Plasma. Molecules 2023; 28:7830. [PMID: 38067559 PMCID: PMC10708341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present report was to develop and validate a simple, selective, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection suitable for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs and some of their metabolites. Simple precipitation of plasma proteins with acetonitrile was used for sample preparation. 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine was used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved by gradient elution on a Phenyl-Hexyl column at 40 °C, using methanol and potassium phosphate buffer (25 mM; pH 5.1) as a mobile phase. The method was validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. It showed to be selective, accurate, precise, and linear over the concentration ranges of 1-50 mg/L for phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, rufinamide, zonisamide, and lacosamide; 0.5-50 mg/L for lamotrigine, primidone, carbamazepine and 10-monohydroxycarbazepine; 0.2-10 mg/L for carbamazepine metabolites: 10,11-trans-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide; 0.1-10 mg/L for oxcarbazepine; 2-100 mg/L for felbamate and 3-150 mg/L for ethosuximide. The suitability of the validated method for routine therapeutic drug monitoring was confirmed by quantification of the analytes in plasma samples from patients with epilepsy on combination antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Development and Validation of a Simple HPLC-UV Assay Method for Determination of Levetiracetam Concentrations in Human Plasma. ANALYTICA 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a broad spectrum antiseizure medication that is used in various seizure types. There is evidence that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of LEV is of value in selected patient populations, therefore determination of LEV plasma concentrations is essential. Herein we developed and validated a simple, reproducible, and practical method for the quantification of LEV concentrations in human plasma samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma samples (0.3 mL) deproteinization was done using acetonitrile. HPLC chromatographic separation of plasma samples was accomplished by reversed phase C18 column. The mobile phase constituted water and acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) ran at flow rate of 1 mL/min. Signal acquisition was conducted at a wavelength of 192 nm. Calibration curves showed excellent linearity (Correlation coefficient r2 > 0.99) over a concentration range of 3–80 μg/mL. Both inter and intraday assay accuracy and precision were less than 8% (except for the lowest limit of quantification was within 20%). Elution time was 15 min. The developed method excluded the use of buffers and utilized small volumes of plasma samples with simple mobile phase composition. Therefore, our method could be practically applied to routine TDM.
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3
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El-Yazbi AF, Aboukhalil FM, Khamis EF, Elkhatib MAW, El-Sayed MA, Youssef RM. Simple simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin and metronidazole in complex biological matrices. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15694-15704. [PMID: 35685703 PMCID: PMC9126650 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid RP-HPLC method is presented, for the first time, for the simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin hydrochloride and metronidazole in different biological fluids including saliva and plasma without any matrix interference. The separation was performed using ACN and phosphate buffer (30 : 70% v/v) as the mobile phase on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus-C18 column attached to a guard column. The method was validated according to the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation and was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of the studied drugs in saliva and plasma samples. The good precision and selectivity of the developed method allow it to be used for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of such drugs and it presents a simple and sensitive analytical tool for performing versatile pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies. A DAD detector is valuable to determine each drug at its maximum wavelength to ensure high sensitivity. Determination of such a combination in saliva introduces a quick and non-invasive alternative to blood analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F El-Yazbi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Egypt +20 3 4873273 +20 3 4871317
| | - Faten M Aboukhalil
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Egypt +20 3 4873273 +20 3 4871317
| | - Essam F Khamis
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Egypt +20 3 4873273 +20 3 4871317
| | - Mohammed A W Elkhatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A El-Sayed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Egypt +20 3 4873273 +20 3 4871317
| | - Rasha M Youssef
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Egypt +20 3 4873273 +20 3 4871317
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Simultaneous Determination of Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, Lacosamide, and Topiramate in Rat Plasma by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:1838645. [PMID: 35321047 PMCID: PMC8938153 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1838645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to study the pharmacokinetics of four antiepileptic drugs, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, and topiramate, in rats after oral administration. The gradient elution was performed on a UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) column with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Protein precipitation by acetonitrile was adopted for plasma sample pretreatment. Electrospray- (ESI-) positive/negative ion switching and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes were adopted for ion quantitative determination of antiepileptic drugs. UPLC-MS/MS detection and Drug and Statistics (DAS) software fitting were performed to blood samples collected from rats after oral administration of lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, and topiramate (5 mg/kg). All drugs examined showed linearity within 5–5000 ng/ml (R2 > 0.9987), the intraday accuracy was within 92%–108%, and the interday accuracy was within 93%–109%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of intraday and interday were less than 15%. The matrix effect was within 91%–105%, and the recovery was better than 88%. The established UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, and topiramate in rats.
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Abou-Taleb NH, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Enany NM, El-Subbagh HI. A new grey relational analysis application in analytical chemistry: Natural deep eutectic solvent as a green extractant for HPLC determination of lamotrigine in plasma. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ji Z, Yin L, Li Y, Yang X, Lin L, Liu L, Jiang Y, Huang J. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4255-4263. [PMID: 34648229 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug that is primarily approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of focal and generalized seizures. This study describes the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation to determine levetiracetam in epileptic patient serum. After simple protein precipitation, the analytes were separated on a short reversed-phase column (Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 column, 4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 μm) using isocratic elution with 25% 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) and 75% methanol (solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The linear range is 0.5-50 μg/mL (R2 > 0.99). All the validation data, such as lower limit of quantification, linearity, specificity, recoveries, matrix effects, and other parameters, fit the request of biological method validation guidance. Passing-Bablok regression coefficients demonstrated that there is no constant bias and no proportional bias between the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods with triple-stage fragmentation and liquid multiple reaction monitoring. Bland-Altman plot showed that the developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with triple-stage fragmentation method is reliable and accurate to determine levetiracetam in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Traditonal Chinese Medicine Department, Heilongjiang Institute for Drug Control, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Breast Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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El-Yazbi AF, Elashkar NE, Ahmed HM, Talaat W, Abdel-Hay KM. Cost-effective green chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of four commonly used direct-acting antiviral drugs in plasma and various pharmaceutical formulations. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Effect of Plasma Protein Binding on the Therapeutic Monitoring of Antiseizure Medications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081208. [PMID: 34452168 PMCID: PMC8401952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a widely diffused neurological disorder including a heterogeneous range of syndromes with different aetiology, severity and prognosis. Pharmacological treatments are based on the use, either in mono- or in polytherapy, of antiseizure medications (ASMs), which act at different synaptic levels, generally modifying the excitatory and/or inhibitory response through different action mechanisms. To reduce the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions, ASMs levels should be closely evaluated in biological fluids performing an appropriate Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM). However, many decisions in TDM are based on the determination of the total drug concentration although measurement of the free fraction, which is not bound to plasma proteins, is becoming of ever-increasing importance since it correlates better with pharmacological and toxicological effects. Aim of this work has been to review methodological aspects concerning the evaluation of the free plasmatic fraction of some ASMs, focusing on the effect and the clinical significance that drug-protein binding has in the case of widely used drugs such as valproic acid, phenytoin, perampanel and carbamazepine. Although several validated methodologies are currently available which are effective in separating and quantifying the different forms of a drug, prospective validation studies are undoubtedly needed to better correlate, in real-world clinical contexts, pharmacokinetic monitoring to clinical outcomes.
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El-Yazbi AF, Khalifa Y, Elkhatib MA, El-Yazbi AF. Green analytical method for the determination of sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, ribavirin and complex silymarin flavonoids simultaneously in biological fluids. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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S S, Kumar L, Verma R. Lamotrigine-A Review of Analytical Methods Developed for Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1451-1460. [PMID: 33673783 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1886901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamotrigine owing to its excellent inhibitory property of neurotransmitter release especially glutamate is used in the treatment of epilepsy as a second-line antiepileptic drug. It differs from other antiepileptic drugs chemically and pharmacologically and is used as both monotherapy and adjunct therapy in the treatment of epilepsy. The present review focuses on two aspects (a) various analytical methods used in quantification of Lamotrigine in pharmaceutical formulations and (b) various analytical methods used to determine Lamotrigine in biological matrices. Here the various analytical methods are developed using different parameters and validation of employed methods is discussed. Estimated parameters like the linearity, LOD (Limit of detection) and LOQ (Limit of quantification) of validation are discussed for the individual method. The critical quality attributes like the wavelength of detection, mobile phase, columns, flow rate, retention time, and the sample preparation methods for the estimation of Lamotrigine by bioanalytical methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeeda S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Abbas G, Saadullah M, Rasul A, Shah S, Khan SM, Hanif M, Masood Ahmed M. Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous monitoring of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate and domperidone maleate in plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, inexpensive high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection (HPLC–UV) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous monitoring of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate (PSS) and domperidone maleate (DM) in rabbit plasma on a C18 column with UV detection at 285 nm. Box–Behnken design was used with 3 independent variables, namely, flow rate (X1), mobile phase composition (X2), and phosphate buffer pH (X3), which were used to design mathematical models. Response surface design was applied to optimize the dependent variables, i.e., retention time (Y1 and Y2) and percentage recoveries (Y3 and Y4) of PSS and DM. The method was sensitive and reproducible over 1.562 to 25 μg/mL. The effect of the quadratic outcome of flow rate, mobile phase composition, and buffer pH on retention time (p ˂ 0.001) and percentage recoveries of PSS and DM (p = 0.0016) were significant. The regression values obtained from analytical curve of PSS and DM were 0.999 and 0.9994, respectively. The percentage recoveries of PSS and DM were ranged from 94.5 to 100.41% and 94.77 to 100.31%, respectively. The developed method was applied for studying the pharmacokinetics of PSS and DM. The Cmax of test and reference formulations were 48.06 ± 0.347 μg/mL and 46.31 ± 0.398 μg/mL for PSS, and 15.11 ± 1.608 μg/mL and 12.06 ± 1.234 μg/mL for DM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Saadullah
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mehmood Khan
- 3 Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Irshad Mohiuddin, Malik AK, Aulakh JS. Efficient Recognition and Determination of Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine in Aqueous and Biological Samples by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abou-Taleb NH, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Enany NM, El-Subbagh HI. Multiobjective optimization of microemulsion- thin layer chromatography with image processing as analytical platform for determination of drugs in plasma using desirability functions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
A comprehensive profile of levetiracetam is presented in this chapter which includes its description, formula, elemental analysis, appearance, uses and applications. Different earlier studies included for example methods of synthesis are described with its typical structural schemes. The profile also listed the drug's physical characteristics indicating its solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis as well as its spectroscopic characteristics. Different methods of analysis which includes compendial method of analysis, as well as reported method of analysis which include spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, electrochemical method, chromatographic method, and immunoassay method of analysis. The study was include drug stability, clinical pharmacology, e.g., mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic study. Around 70 references are recorded as a proof of this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Belal F, Ibrahim F, Sheribah Z, Alaa H. Micellar HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of three anticonvulsant drugs in dosage forms and biological fluids. Application to dissolution-rate testing. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2018; 76:172-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Engelbrecht L, Grobler CJ, Rheeders M. A simple and cost-effective HPLC-UV method for the detection of levetiracetam in plasma/serum of patients with epilepsy. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28294369 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast and cost-effective method was developed and validated for the determination of levetiracetam (LEV) in plasma/serum of patients using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The stability of LEV plasma/serum samples over time and in different blood collection tubes was evaluated. Serum/plasma samples were deproteinized by methanol spiked with the internal standard, gabapentin. HPLC was carried out on a Venusil XBP C18 , 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with mobile phase consisting of 50 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile at a pH of 5.5. The UV detector was set at 205 nm and 10 μL was injected. Total runtime was 15 min. Calibration curves were linear (correlation coefficient = 0.999) over a concentration range of 1-60 μg/mL. Relative standard deviation values for both the inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy were <5% for the concentration range. The influence of different collection tubes and the effect of time on the stability of LEV was investigated. These factors may cause inaccuracies owing to drug-protein binding and interference in the matrix. This method is simple, fast, cost-effective, reliable and accurate with minimal sample preparation for daily routine use in therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Engelbrecht
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - C J Grobler
- Department of Health Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Malie Rheeders
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, School of Pharmacy (Pharmacology), North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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