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Vukmirović S, Ilić V, Tadić V, Čapo I, Pavlović N, Tomas A, Paut Kusturica M, Tomić N, Maksimović S, Stilinović N. Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties of Morus nigra L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020382. [PMID: 36829941 PMCID: PMC9952467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The framework of this study was a comprehensive investigation of Morus nigra L. extracts, with the aim to establish the correlation between chemical composition and antioxidant/hepatoprotective activity of a series of black mulberry extracts obtained from aerial parts of the plant. Black mulberry leaf (MLEE), bark (MBEE), juice (MJ) and fresh fruit (MFEE) extracts were obtained using the conventional Soxhlet extraction, while the supercritical CO2 extraction procedure was employed for preparation of the seed oil (MSO). Analysis of the chemical composition was performed using spectrophotometric, HPLC and GC methods. For the evaluation of antioxidant activity, in vitro FRAP and DPPH assays were applied. In Haan strain NMRI mice with streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress, in vivo antioxidant activity and liver tissue integrity were examined. The content of polyphenolic compounds was the highest in MBEE (68.3 ± 0.7 mgGAE/g) with the most abundant compounds being polyphenolic acids, followed by MLEE (23.4 ± 0.5 mgGAE/g) with the flavonoids isoquercetin and rutin being present in a significant amount. An analysis of MSO revealed a high content of γ-linoleic acid. The highest antioxidant activity in vitro (FRAP and DPPH) was observed for MLEE, MBEE and MSO. Beneficial effects were confirmed in vivo, with lower values of hepatosomatic index, potentiation of the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and reduced positivity for the P450 enzyme in animals treated with MLEE, MBEE and MSO. Black mulberry leaf and bark extracts as well as seed oil exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Apart from the confirmed biological properties of the fruit and leaf extracts, the observed activities of black mulberry seed oil and bark extract imply its importance as a sustainable source of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimirka Ilić
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vanja Tadić
- Department for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Pancic”, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty of Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milica Paut Kusturica
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Tomić
- Institute of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Svetolik Maksimović
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P.O. Box 3503, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Stilinović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Green bioanalysis: an innovative and eco-friendly approach for analyzing drugs in biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:881-909. [PMID: 35946313 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green bioanalytical techniques aim to reduce or eliminate the hazardous waste produced by bioanalytical technologies. A well-organized and practical approach towards bioanalytical method development has an enormous contribution to the green analysis. The selection of the appropriate sample extraction process, organic mobile phase components and separation technique makes the bioanalytical method green. UHPLC-MS is the best option, whereas supercritical fluid chromatography is one of the most effective green bioanalytical procedures. Nevertheless, there remains excellent scope for further research on green bioanalytical methods. This review details the various sample preparation techniques that follow green analytical chemistry principles. Furthermore, it presents green solvents as a replacement for conventional organic solvents and highlights the strategies to convert modern analytical techniques to green methods.
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Hori K, Hori-Koriyama N, Tsumura K, Fukusaki E, Bamba T. Insights into the formation mechanism of chloropropanol fatty acid esters under laboratory-scale deodorization conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:246-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Toward greener analytical techniques for the absolute quantification of peptides in pharmaceutical and biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The many faces of packed column supercritical fluid chromatography – A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1382:2-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hori K, Tsumura K, Fukusaki E, Bamba T. High-Throughput Analysis of Sucrose Fatty Acid Esters by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:A0033. [PMID: 26819875 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was applied to the profiling of sucrose fatty acid esters (SEs). The SFC conditions (column and modifier gradient) were optimized for the effective separation of SEs. In the column test, a silica gel reversed-phase column was selected. Then, the method was used for the detailed characterization of commercial SEs and the successful analysis of SEs containing different fatty acids. The present method allowed for fast and high-resolution separation of monoesters to tetra-esters within a shorter time (15 min) as compared to the conventional high-performance liquid chromatography. The applicability of our method for the analysis of SEs was thus demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Hori
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University; Research and Development Department, Fuji Oil Co., Ltd
| | | | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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Hori K, Matsubara A, Uchikata T, Tsumura K, Fukusaki E, Bamba T. High-throughput and sensitive analysis of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters in edible oils by supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:99-104. [PMID: 22749582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have established a high-throughput and sensitive analytical method based on supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ MS) for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) fatty acid esters in edible oils. All analytes were successfully separated within 9 min without sample purification. The system was precise and sensitive, with a limit of detection less than 0.063 mg/kg. The recovery rate of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters spiked into oil samples was in the range of 62.68-115.23%. Furthermore, several edible oils were tested for analyzing 3-MCPD fatty acid ester profiles. This is the first report on the analysis of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters by SFC/QqQ MS. The developed method will be a powerful tool for investigating 3-MCPD fatty acid esters in edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Hori
- Analytical Center for Food Safety, Quality Assurance Department, Fuji Oil Co. Ltd., 1 Sumiyoshi-Cho, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8540, Japan
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