1
|
Grignani P, Manfredi A, Monti MC, Moretti M, Morini L, Visonà SD, Fattorini P, Previderè C. GENETIC INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION FROM DRIED URINE SPOTS (DUS): A COMPLEMENTARY TOOL TO DRUG MONITORING AND ANTI DOPING TESTING. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1234-1243. [PMID: 35195361 PMCID: PMC9540579 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The collection of liquid biological matrices onto paper cards (dried matrix spots [DMS]) is becoming an alternative sampling strategy. The stability over time of molecules of interest for therapeutic, sport drug monitoring, and forensic toxicology on DMS has been recently investigated representing a reliable alternative to conventional analytical techniques. When a tampering of a urine sample in drug monitoring or doping control cases is suspected, it could be relevant to know whether genetic profiles useful for individual identification could be generated from urine samples spotted onto paper (dried urine spot [DUS]). To understand the influence of sex, storage conditions, and time on the quality and quantity of the DNA, five female and ten male urine samples were dispensed onto Whatman 903 paper and sampled after different storage conditions over time, from 1 to 12 weeks. Direct PCR was performed starting from 2‐mm punches collected from each spot amplifying a panel of markers useful for individual identification. The female DUS stored in different conditions produced genetic profiles fully matching the reference samples. The same result was obtained for the male DUS but using urine 30X concentrated by centrifugation instead of the original samples. Our data show that this approach is valid for genetic individual identification of urine samples spotted onto paper cards up to 12 weeks after deposition and could be easily incorporated in anti‐doping or drug screening protocols to help on the suspicion of evidence tampering or to solve questions on the reliability of samples collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela Grignani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Manfredi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Monti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Morini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fattorini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moretti M, Manfredi A, Freni F, Previderé C, Osculati AMM, Grignani P, Tronconi L, Carelli C, Vignali C, Morini L. A comparison between two different dried blood substrates in determination of psychoactive substances in postmortem samples. Forensic Toxicol 2021; 39:385-393. [PMID: 33488834 PMCID: PMC7812343 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-020-00567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Whatman™ 903 cards represent a valid type of support for collection, storage, and analysis of dried blood spots (DBS). Whatman™ FTA (Flinders Technology Associates) are a type of cards soaked in chemicals that cause denaturation of proteins, while preserving DNA and ensuring the safe handling of DBS; to date, these cards are still rarely employed in forensic toxicology. The aim of this study was to analyze several psychoactive substances on not-dried blood on the two different cards and to compare the qualitative and quantitative results. Methods Twenty cardiac postmortem blood samples were collected and deposed on Whatman™ 903 and Whatman™ FTA cards. Spots and not-dried blood were analyzed following our validated and previously published liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Results We were able to identify: eight drugs of abuse and their metabolites (15 cases), five benzodiazepines and their metabolites (3 cases), six antidepressants (6 cases) and two antipsychotics (3 cases). We observed a perfect qualitative correspondence and a general good quantitative correlation between data obtained from not-dried blood and the two different DBS cards, except for alprazolam, diazepam, desmethyldiazepam, fluoxetine and sertraline, that showed a lower concentration on FTA. Additional experiments suggest that the chemicals, adsorbed on FTA, are not the cause of the loss of signal observed for the substances previously mentioned and that methanol should be preferred as extraction solvent. Conclusions This study proved that FTA cards are a good and a hazard-free alternative sample storage method for analysis of several psychoactive substances in postmortem blood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11419-020-00567-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Moretti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Manfredi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Freni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Previderé
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Marco Maria Osculati
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy.,Legal Medicine Operative Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - Pierangela Grignani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Livio Tronconi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy.,Legal Medicine Operative Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, Pavia, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - Claudia Carelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Vignali
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Morini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Katyayan KK, Hui YH. An evaluation of metabolite profiling of six drugs using dried blood spot. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1458-1469. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1572938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Hua Hui
- Drug Disposition, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rainville PD, Simeone JL, Root DS, Mallet CR, Wilson ID, Plumb RS. A method for the direct injection and analysis of small volume human blood spots and plasma extracts containing high concentrations of organic solvents using revered-phase 2D UPLC/MS. Analyst 2015; 140:1921-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This methodology provides increased assay sensitivity and facilitates small volume biofluid analysis in high percent organic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Rainville
- Waters Corporation
- Milford
- USA
- King's College London
- Micro Separations Group
| | | | | | | | - Ian D. Wilson
- Imperial College
- Division of Surgery and Cancer
- London
- UK
| | - Robert S. Plumb
- Waters Corporation
- Milford
- USA
- Imperial College
- Division of Surgery and Cancer
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Z, Kang P, Rahavendran SV. Metabolite profiling of dasatinib dosed to Wistar Han rats using automated dried blood spot collection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 67-68:92-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|