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Erckes V, Steuer C. A story of peptides, lipophilicity and chromatography - back and forth in time. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:676-687. [PMID: 35800203 PMCID: PMC9215158 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides, as part of the beyond the rule of 5 (bRo5) chemical space, represent a unique class of pharmaceutical compounds. Because of their exceptional position in the chemical space between traditional small molecules (molecular weight (MW) < 500 Da) and large therapeutic proteins (MW > 5000 Da), peptides became promising candidates for targeting challenging binding sites, including even targets traditionally considered as undruggable - e.g. intracellular protein-protein interactions. However, basic knowledge about physicochemical properties that are important for a drug to be membrane permeable is missing but would enhance the drug discovery process of bRo5 molecules. Consequently, there is a demand for quick and simple lipophilicity determination methods for peptides. In comparison to the traditional lipophilicity determination methods via shake flask and in silico prediction, chromatography-based methods could have multiple benefits such as the requirement of low analyte amount, insensitivity to impurities and high throughput. Herein we elucidate the role of peptide lipophilicity and different lipophilicity values. Further, we summarize peptide analysis via common chromatographic techniques, in specific reversed phase liquid chromatography, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography and their role in drug discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Erckes
- Pharmaceutical Analytics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Steuer
- Pharmaceutical Analytics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Liang Z, Lai Y, Li M, Shi J, Lei CI, Hu H, Ung COL. Applying regulatory science in traditional chinese medicines for improving public safety and facilitating innovation in China: a scoping review and regulatory implications. Chin Med 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 33593397 PMCID: PMC7884970 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China has set to advance the regulatory capacity of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with the adoption of regulatory science (RS). However, the priority of actions at the interface of RS and TCMs were yet to be defined. This research aims to identify the priority areas and summarize core actions for advancing RS for traditional medicines in China. METHODS A mixed approach of documentary analysis of government policies, regulations and official information about TCMs regulation in China, and a scoping review of literature using 4 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and CNKI) on major concerns in TCMs regulation was employed. RESULTS Ten priority areas in the development of TCM-related regulatory science in China have been identified, including: (1) modernizing the regulatory system with a holistic approach; (2) advancing the methodology for the quality control of TCMs; (3) fostering the control mechanism of TCMs manufacturing process; (4) improving clinical evaluation of TCMs and leveraging real world data; (5) re-evaluation of TCMs injection; (6) developing evaluation standards for classic TCMs formula; (7) harnessing diverse data to improve pharmacovigilance of TCMs; (8) evaluating the value of integrative medicine in clinical practice with scientific research; (9) advancing the regulatory capacity to encourage innovation in TCMs; and (10) advancing a vision of collaboration for RS development in TCMs. CONCLUSIONS RS for TCMs in China encompasses revolution of operational procedures, advancement in science and technology, and cross-disciplinary collaborations. Such experiences could be integrated in the communications among drug regulatory authorities to promote standardized and scientific regulation of traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuanji Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao Taipa, China
| | - Yunfeng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao Taipa, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao Taipa, China
| | - Junnan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao Taipa, China
| | - Chi Ieong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao Taipa, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao Taipa, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Macao Taipa, China
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Lü H, Wang Z, Geng Z, Li Y, Liu S, Liu J. Adsorption equilibria of paeoniflorin and albiflorin on cyano-silica column from supercritical carbon dioxide/ethanol. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tyśkiewicz K, Dębczak A, Gieysztor R, Szymczak T, Rój E. Determination of fat- and water-soluble vitamins by supercritical fluid chromatography: A review. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:336-350. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębczak
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Roman Gieysztor
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Tomasz Szymczak
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
| | - Edward Rój
- Supercritical Extraction Department; New Chemical Syntheses Institute; Puławy Poland
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Advances in LC: bioanalytical method transfer. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1837-44. [PMID: 27491842 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three main reasons for transferring from an existing bioanalytical assay to an alternative chromatographic method: speed, cost and sensitivity. These represent a challenge to the analyst in that there is an interplay between these three considerations and one factor is often improved at the expense of another. These three factors act as drivers to encourage technology development and support its uptake. The more recently introduced chromatographic technologies may show significant improvements against one of more of these factors relative to conventional 4.6-mm id reversed-phase HPLC. In this article, some of these new chromatographic approaches will be considered in terms of what they can offer the bioanalysts.
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Multi-target screening of biological samples using LC–MS/MS: focus on chromatographic innovations. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1255-73. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-target screening of biological fluids is a key tool in clinical and forensic toxicology. A complete toxicological analysis encompasses the sample preparation, the chromatographic separation and the detection. The present review briefly covers the new trends in sample preparation and detection and mainly focuses on the chromatographic stage, since a lot of technical improvements have been proposed over the last years. Among them, columns packed with sub-2 μm fully porous particles and sub-3 μm core-shell particles allow for significant improvements of resolution and higher throughput. Even if reversed-phase LC remains the most widely used chromatographic mode for toxicological screening, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography appear as promising alternatives for attaining orthogonal selectivity, retention of polar compounds, and enhanced MS sensitivity.
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Characterization of stationary phases based on polysiloxanes thermally immobilized onto silica and metalized silica using supercritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1315:176-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bernal JL, Martín MT, Toribio L. Supercritical fluid chromatography in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
The use of DBS is an appealing approach to employing microsampling techniques for the bioanalysis of samples, as has been demonstrated for the past 50 years in the metabolic screening of metabolites and diseases. In addition to its minimally invasive sample collection procedures and its economical merits, DBS microsampling benefits from the very high sensitivity, selectivity and multianalyte capabilities of LC–MS, which has been especially well demonstrated in newborn screening applications. Only a few microliters of a biological fluid are required for analysis, which also translates to significantly reduced demands on clinical samples from patients or from animals. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry and other arenas have begun to explore the utility and practicality of DBS microsampling. This review discusses the basis for why DBS techniques are likely to be part of the future, as well as offering insights into where these benefits may be realized.
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McClain R, Hyun MH, Li Y, Welch CJ. Design, synthesis and evaluation of stationary phases for improved achiral supercritical fluid chromatography separations. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1302:163-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pan SY, Zhou SF, Gao SH, Yu ZL, Zhang SF, Tang MK, Sun JN, Ma DL, Han YF, Fong WF, Ko KM. New Perspectives on How to Discover Drugs from Herbal Medicines: CAM's Outstanding Contribution to Modern Therapeutics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:627375. [PMID: 23634172 PMCID: PMC3619623 DOI: 10.1155/2013/627375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With tens of thousands of plant species on earth, we are endowed with an enormous wealth of medicinal remedies from Mother Nature. Natural products and their derivatives represent more than 50% of all the drugs in modern therapeutics. Because of the low success rate and huge capital investment need, the research and development of conventional drugs are very costly and difficult. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on drug discovery from herbal medicines or botanical sources, an important group of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. With a long history of herbal usage for the clinical management of a variety of diseases in indigenous cultures, the success rate of developing a new drug from herbal medicinal preparations should, in theory, be higher than that from chemical synthesis. While the endeavor for drug discovery from herbal medicines is "experience driven," the search for a therapeutically useful synthetic drug, like "looking for a needle in a haystack," is a daunting task. In this paper, we first illustrated various approaches of drug discovery from herbal medicines. Typical examples of successful drug discovery from botanical sources were given. In addition, problems in drug discovery from herbal medicines were described and possible solutions were proposed. The prospect of drug discovery from herbal medicines in the postgenomic era was made with the provision of future directions in this area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy,University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Si-Hua Gao
- School of basic medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Min-Ke Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jian-Ning Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Wang-Fun Fong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong
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Chester TL. Maximizing the speed of separations for industrial problems. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:69-77. [PMID: 22989488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvement efforts in chromatography have provided great improvements in the rate of plate production, but less attention has been spent on optimizing the kinds of problems that are most often encountered in industry. When factors are not independent in their effects on the responses of a chromatographic separation, all adjustable factors must be considered in concert in seeking the best or optimum condition that solves the problem. This requires careful attention to specifying the goals, the adjustable factors, and the constraints required to make sure the outcome can actually be implemented. Strategies for optimizing assay and screening methods in the context of industrial needs are presented. Expanding the factor space of the system being investigated can lead to better outcomes. The prospect of adding column-outlet pressure control and expanding the mobile phase composition to include condensed gases or supercritical fluids is explored. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography are contiguous with regard to mobile phase characteristics. Adjustment of selectivity through instrument-controlled factors can benefit method development. Opportunities obtained by blending modifiers, varying temperature and pressure with compressible mobile phases, and controlling pH are discussed in the context of optimizing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Chester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
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