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Circulation autoantibodies against C-terminus of NuMA in patients with Behçet's disease. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:86-92. [PMID: 32425685 PMCID: PMC7226561 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies have a close association with autoimmune diseases, which may be seen even in healthy individuals. These are also considered as promising source of new biomarkers in various autoimmune diseases. However, their profile is not completely understood till now. Here, we evaluated autoantibodies against nuclear mitotic apparatus protein located at the carboxy terminus (C-NuMA)in blood circulation of Han Chinese patients, using different technical approaches to discover pathological reaction leading to Behçet's disease (BD). In the first step, the recombinant human carboxy-terminal region of NuMA peptide (C-NuMA) was over-expressed and purified. In the second step, the indirect immunofluorescence method was used with patients' sera, and commercial anti-NuMA antibody was used to determine the NuMA as a potential autoantigen. Results were confirmed at cell level by western blots, indicating that two of ten patients with Behçet's disease could react with the recombinant C-NuMA,and the presence of antibodies were further verified by immunoprecipitation technique. Finally, the corresponding immunoassay (ELISA) was developed and optimized with specific recombinant C-NuMA as an in vitro method to test the confirmed patients with Behçet's disease. Our findings demonstrated that C-terminus of NuMA is an immune target of Behçet's disease in Han Chinese patients.
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Hussain M, Chen P, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Du H. Moesin expression is correlated with its involvement in patients with Behcet's disease. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:924-930. [PMID: 32542096 PMCID: PMC7286334 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behcet's disease (BD) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. Although the profile of autoantibodies for this disease is not yet completely understood, because of better disease recognition, its prevalence is increasing throughout the world. Among ERM proteins (ezrin/radixin/moesin), moesin is a member of a family which is involved in autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study is to confirm whether moesin is a potential anti-endothelial cell autoantigen (AECA) in Hans Chinese BD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, a full length recombinant human moesin protein was over-expressed and purified. Second, it was identified by mass spectrometry and then purified moesin was used to perform Western blotting, immunoprecipitation and ELISA with confirmed BD patients. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with anti-moesin antibodies by the resazurin reduction assay method. RESULTS : Purified moesin protein was successfully expressed and then its antigenicity was confirmed by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation techniques. Anti-moesin antibodies were detected in approximately one-third (38%) of BD patients by ELISA and the reactivity of BD serum IgG antibodies against moesin was found to be significantly higher than HC (p < 0.0001). Moreover, in order to validate our results, cytotoxicity experiments also confirmed that anti-moesin antibody had a significant inhibitory effect on endothelial cell activity. CONCLUSIONS Expression is correlated with the involvement of moesin as an autoantigen in BD pathology, which is a new finding. It might be a new candidate biomarker in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hussain
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Hongwu Du, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China, Phone: +86 10 62334497, Fax: +86 10 62332462. E-mail:
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Expression correlates between Annexin A1 and A2 autoantibodies in patients with Behçet's disease. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20170778. [PMID: 28963375 PMCID: PMC5773811 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoantibodies profile of Behçet’s disease (BD) is yet incompletely understood. Annexins are a family of highly conserved proteins which are involved in some human autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies directed toward Annexin A1 and A2 are involved in BD pathology, but correlation in their clinical role is controversial. The aim of our study is to estimate and evaluate the expression correlation between Annexin A1 and A2 autoantibodies in BD patients. We have designed and implemented different technical approaches to prove the hypothesis. First, bioinformatics tools such as amino acid sequence alignment, epitope prediction analysis, and 3D structural comparison were performed to find out the correlation between Annexin A1 and A2. Second, amplification of the corresponding gene by RT-PCR, then cloning, and purification techniques were applied to acquire the recombinant Annexin A1. Third, the target protein band was excised from gel electrophoresis, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Finally, in-house ELISA was developed to determine the induced anti-Annexin A1 autoantibodies in BD patients. Obtained results demonstrated that the BD serum reactivity against recombinant Annexin A1 was significantly higher as compared with healthy control (HC) (P<0.001). Moreover, bioassay results of Annexin A1 and A2 also showed the presence, absence, and independent coexistence of autoantibodies, when reacted with BD sera. In conclusion, Annexin A1 has a similar immunogenic expression and correlation with its analog Annexin A2 and their association may be a novel immune target of BD in Han Chinese population.
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Zhang W, Zhang C, Chen P, Yang C, Gan X, Hussain M, Xun Y, Tian Y, Du H. Circulation autoantibody against Lamin A/C in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:80252-80261. [PMID: 27835913 PMCID: PMC5348317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C proteins are major components of nuclear laminae and were encoded by the LMNA gene. Recent studies have found that in addition to provides nuclear-membrane strength; it also regulates the gene expression. Lamin A/C has been confirmed as an autoantigen in RA, SLE and vasculitis. Anti-Lamin A/C antibodies also have been found by indirect immunofluorescence method. In this study, we used various research methods to confirm Lamin A/C is an autoantigen in Han Chinese patients with confirmed Sjögren's syndrome (SS). To further investigate the relationship between the autoimmune disease antigens, we compared the amino acid sequence of Lamin A/C epitope and several common antigens' antigenic determinant. As a result, we found that Lamin A/C has similar epitopes with U1RNP. It means that the potential relationship exist between Lamin A/C and U1RNP. Clinical data we collected also showed that anti-Lamin A/C and anti-U1RNP antibodies always appear in same serum sample. Therefore, we speculated that cross-reaction may take place between antigen and potential antigen, which have similar epitope. Then, by epitope spreading, the potential antigen can be a new autoantigen. Our study provided a new thinking for further research about the relationship between autoantigens and their development mechanism in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhe Yang
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Gan
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Xun
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Vance S, Zeidan E, Henrich VC, Sandros MG. Comparative Analysis of Human Growth Hormone in Serum Using SPRi, Nano-SPRi and ELISA Assays. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 26780354 PMCID: PMC4781177 DOI: 10.3791/53508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and selective methods for the detection of human growth hormone (hGH) over a wide range of concentrations (high levels of 50-100 ng ml−1 and minimum levels of 0.03 ng ml−1) in circulating blood are essential as variable levels may indicate altered physiology. For example, growth disorders occurring in childhood can be diagnosed by measuring levels of hGH in blood. Also, the misuse of recombinant hGH in sports not only poses an ethical issue it also presents serious health threats to the abuser. One popular strategy for measuring hGH misuse, relies on the detection of the ratio of 22 kDa hGH to total hGH, as non-22 kDa endogenous levels drop after exogenous recombinant hGH (rhGH) administration.Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) is an analytical tool that allows direct (label-free) monitoring and visualization of biomolecular interactions by recording changes of the refractive index adjacent to the sensor surface in real time. In contrast, the most frequently used colorimetric method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) uses enzyme labeled detection antibodies to indirectly measure analyte concentration after the addition of a substrate that induces a color change. To increase detection sensitivity, amplified SPRi uses a sandwich assay format and near infrared quantum dots (QDs) to increase signal strength. After direct SPRi detection of recombinant rhGH in spiked human serum, the SPRi signal is amplified by the sequential injection of detection antibody coated with near-infrared QDs (Nano-SPRi). In this study, the diagnostic potential of direct and amplified SPRi was assessed for measuring rhGH spiked in human serum and compared directly with the capabilities of a commercially available ELISA kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Vance
- Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Effat Zeidan
- Department of Nanoscience, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Vincent C Henrich
- Center for Biotechnology, Genomics, and Health Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Wang X, Chen P, Cui J, Yang C, Du H. Keratin 8 is a novel autoantigen of rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:665-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Screening hybridomas for anabolic androgenic steroids by steroid analog antigen microarray. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1201-9. [PMID: 25973986 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, dozens of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are forbidden in the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List, however, despite extensive investigation, there are still lots of AAS without corresponding monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS A steroid analog antigen microarray made up of ten AAS was fabricated to screen the hybridoma and it was found an original unsuccessful clone turned out to be a candidate anti-boldenone antibody, without any cross-reactions with endogenous AAS or 44 different AAS standard reference materials tested. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that steroid analog antigen microarray could be a promising tool to screen and characterize new applications of antibodies for structure analogs, and this also exhibits the potential to fast identify effective epitopes of hybridomas in a single assay.
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Chen P, Yang W, Tian Y, Sun S, Chen G, Zhang C, Ma F, Xun Y, Shi L, Yang C, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Du H. Electron Transfer Flavoprotein Subunit Beta Is a Candidate Endothelial Cell Autoantigen in Behçet's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124760. [PMID: 25915519 PMCID: PMC4410958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multisystem involvement, and it is listed as a rare disease in the United States but is common in the Middle East, China, and Japan. The aim of this study was to identify novel autoantigens in Chinese patients with BD. First, the candidate autoantigens were screened by Western blotting, and the sequences of putative antigens were identified by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Next, the screened protein was cloned, expressed and purified. Then, an optimized ELISA was developed, and the serological criteria were evaluated using a large number of confirmed patients. One antigen with a molecular weight of approximately 28 kDa was identified as electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta (ETFB). Positive reactivity was detected in recombinant human ETFB sera from 38 of 92 BD patients (41 %) and 1 of 90 healthy controls (1 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weikang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Core Facility, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- ImmunoHunt Corporation, 139 Fengtai Rd, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - ChunYan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fuxin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiping Xun
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunhe Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lanqing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yabin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- * E-mail:
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Prohibitin as a novel autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:78-82. [PMID: 26155187 PMCID: PMC4472543 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.50837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study The aim of this study was to verify whether prohibitin is a novel autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis. Material and methods First, recombinant human prohibitin (rhPHB) protein was cloned, expressed, and purified. Then the anti-prohibitin autoantibodies were detected by western blotting by using rhPHB protein to incubate sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Next, immunoprecipitation was employed to further illustrate whether anti-prohibitin antibodies exist in RA patients. And finally, autoantibodies against the rhPHB protein were investigated using a homemade ELISA kit through the assessment of 258 real clinical samples. Results It was revealed that anti-prohibitin antibodies existed in the sera of patients with RA. Reactivity of serum IgG against rhPHB was detected in 26 of 86 RA patients (30.3%), 7 of 86 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (8.1%), and 1 of 86 apparently healthy donors (HC) (1.2%). Conclusions Prohibitin was proved to be a novel autoantigen and the corresponding anti-prohibitin autoantibodies were present in the RA patients' blood circulation.
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Annexin A2 as a target endothelial cell membrane autoantigen in Behçet's disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8162. [PMID: 25641213 PMCID: PMC4313095 DOI: 10.1038/srep08162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane proteins are believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, few membrane autoantigens have been linked with Behçet's disease. Here, a cell-chip was performed to identify autoantibody target cells, and the suspected autoantigens were detected using immunoblotting. The amino acid sequences of the detected proteins were determined using LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. Putative proteins were recombinantly expressed and purified, and a corresponding ELISA was developed and clinically validated using real clinical samples. It was found that a 36-kDa membrane protein--annexin A2--was detected in approximately one-third of the patients' blood circulation. The immunohistochemistry results showed that annexin A2 was highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, vascular involvement was significantly higher in the anti-annexin A2 antibody-positive group versus the anti-annexin A2 antibody-negative group among all the clinical samples analyzed, indicating that annexin A2 is a novel endothelial cell membrane antigen involved in Behçet's disease.
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Chen P, Shi L, Jiang Y, Ji Y, Yan H, Sun S, Xun Y, Chen G, Wang X, Chen W, Du H. Identification of heat shock protein 27 as a novel autoantigen of Behçet's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:866-71. [PMID: 25529454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify candidate pathogenic autoantigens of Behçet's disease (BD) in pathogen-stimulated target cells. METHODS First, three cell lines were used as target cells to screen autoantibody. Second, selected target cells were simulated with pathogens. Third, western blotting was used for detecting the auto-antigens in cell extracts. Next, immunoprecipitation was performed and the amino-acid sequences of target antigens were analyzed by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. Then, the potential target antigen was expressed, purified, and immunologically confirmed. And finally, an ELISA kit was developed and clinically validated through the assessments of 456 clinical samples with BD. RESULTS One antigen with a molecular weight of approximately 27-kDa was identified as heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). The reactivity of serum IgG against recombinant human HSP27 was detected in 52 of 91 BD patients (57%), 66 of 92 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (72%), 32 of 90 Sjogren syndrome (SS) patients (36%), 22 of 92 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (24%) and 0 of 91 healthy controls (HC). The reactivity of BD serum IgG antibodies against HSP27 was significantly higher than SLE (P<0.0001) SS (P<0.0001) and HC (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study identified HSP27 as a candidate endothelial cell autoantigen of BD, which is interesting and probably worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuting Ji
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Sun
- Core Facility, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiping Xun
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- ImmunoHunt Corporation, 139 Fengtai Rd, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiyang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Xun Y, Chen P, Yan H, Yang W, Shi L, Chen G, Du H. Identification of prohibitin as an antigen in Behcet's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:389-93. [PMID: 25091478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is intended to screen potential antigen for Behcet's disease (BD) by using human microvascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS Following cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assay with sera from BD patients, proteins extracted from HUVEC were separated and detected by Western blotting. Then the target protein was identified by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF, the recombinant target protein was expressed, purified and then used as coating antigen to test the prevalence of autoantibodies in patient's sera. RESULTS The Western blotting result showed that some patients' sera could react with a protein band with about 30 kDa of molecular weight, which was further identified as prohibitin by mass spectrometry. The prevalence of serum antibodies against recombinant human prohibitin was detected in 16 of 58 BD patients (28%) but none in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Xun
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weikang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- ImmunoHunt Corporation, 139 Fengtai Rd, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Du H, Liu J, Xun Y, Liang J, Li S, Chen G. Determination of Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone, Aflatoxin B1, and Ochratoxin by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.891125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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