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Pour PH, Suzaei FM, Daryanavard SM. Greenness assessment of microextraction techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:249-278. [PMID: 38466891 PMCID: PMC11216521 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we evaluated the greenness and whiteness scores for microextraction techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoring. Additionally, the cons and pros of each evaluated method and their impacts on the provided scores are also discussed. Materials & methods: The Analytical Greenness Sample Preparation metric tool and white analytical chemistry principles are used for related published works (2007-2023). Results & conclusion: This study provided valuable insights for developing methods based on microextraction techniques with a balance in greenness and whiteness areas. Some methods based on a specific technique recorded higher scores, making them suitable candidates as green analytical approaches, and some others achieved high scores both in green and white areas with a satisfactory balance between principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Hosseini Pour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, 79177, Iran
| | - Foad Mashayekhi Suzaei
- Toxicology Laboratories, Monitoring the Human Hygiene Condition and Standard of Qeshm (MHCS Company), Qeshm Island, 79511, Iran
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Shaban M, Hayadokht H, Hanaee J, Jahanbeen Sardroudi J, Entezari-Maleki T, Soltani S. Synthesis, characterization, and the investigation of the applicability of citric acid functionalized Fe2O3 nanoparticles for the extraction of carvedilol from human plasma using DFT calculations and clinical samples analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Makahleh A, Cheng KW, Saad B, Aboul-Enein HY. Hollow fiber based liquid phase microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) method for the trace determination of carvedilol (β-blocker) in biological fluids, has been described. The separation was achieved using Inertsil ODS-3 C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column with a mobile phase composition of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.0)–acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, under isocratic elution. Several parameters (i.e., type of organic solvent, donor phase pH, concentration of acceptor phase (AP), stirring rate, extraction time, and salt addition) that affect the extraction efficiency were investigated. The optimum HF-LPME conditions were as follows: dihexyl ether as an organic solvent; donor phase pH, 10.7; 0.1 M HCl (AP); 1100-rpm stirring rate; 60-min extraction time; and no salt addition. These parameters have been confirmed using design of experiments. Under these conditions, an enrichment factor of 273-fold was achieved. Good linearity and correlation coefficient were obtained over the range 5–1000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.9994). Limits of detection and quantitation were 1.2 and 3.7 ng/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviation at 3 different concentration levels (5, 500, and 1000 ng/mL) were less than 13.2%. Recoveries for spiked urine and plasma were in the range 80.7–114%. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and suitable for the determination of carvedilol in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Makahleh
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Kek Wan Cheng
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- 2 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- 3 Fundamental & Applied Sciences Department and Institute for Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- 4 Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Kaplan K, Gürkan Polat T, Duman O, Tunç S. Development of a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for carvedilol analysis in human blood serum by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1477795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kaplan
- Antalya Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tülin Gürkan Polat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Duman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sibel Tunç
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Rezazadeh A, Amjadi M, L Manzoori J, Ghaffari A, Jouyban A. Microextraction of Furosemide from Human Serum and Its Fluorimetric Determination. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mansour FR, Khairy MA. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:382-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Solidification of floating organic droplet in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a green analytical tool. Talanta 2017; 170:22-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Farajbakhsh F, Amjadi M, Manzoori J, Ardalan MR, Jouyban A. Microextraction Methods for Preconcentration of Aluminium in Urine Samples. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Membrane supported liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with field-amplified sample injection CE-UV for high-sensitivity analysis of six cardiovascular drugs in human urine sample. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1201-11. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction combined with field-amplified sample injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for improved determination of β-blockers in human urine. Talanta 2016; 149:298-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sajedi-Amin S, Assadpour-Zeynali K, Panahi-Azar V, Kebriaeezadeh A, Khoubnasabjafari M, Ansarin K, Jouyban-Gharamaleki V, Jouyban A. Spectroscopic analysis of bosentan in biological samples after a liquid-liquid microextraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:191-7. [PMID: 26929923 PMCID: PMC4769789 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microextraction processes with UV-Vis measurement have been developed and validated for analysis of bosentan in biological samples. METHODS In this work, liquid-liquid microextraction procedures (DLLME & USAEME) were employed for cleanup, pre-concentration, and determination of bosentan in biological samples by UV-Vis spectroscopy at 270 nm. The method was validated and applied to the determination of bosentan in spiked serum, exhaled breath condensate and urine samples. RESULTS Various experimental factors including type of extraction and dispersive solvents and their volumes, pH, sonication time and centrifuging time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the method was linear in the range of 1.0-5.0 μg.mL(-1), with coefficient of determination (R(2)) of > 0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.07 mg.L(-1). Recovery of the target analyte in biological samples was 106.2%. The method could be easily applied for higher concentration of bosentan and needs more improvement for application in the pharmacokinetic investigations where more sensitive methods are required. CONCLUSION A simple, low cost, precise and accurate spectrophotometric analysis of bosentan in biological samples after liquid-liquid microextraction were developed and validated for routine analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Sajedi-Amin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Assadpour-Zeynali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Panahi-Azar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Kebriaeezadeh
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, International Campus, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran ; Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: trends in the analysis of biological samples. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2211-25. [PMID: 26395171 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Rezaee and co-workers in 2006. It allows the simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of analytes into a micro-volume of extracting solvent based on a ternary solvent system involving an aqueous phase, a nonpolar water immiscible high-density solvent that acts as extraction phase, and a disperser solvent, which is often polar and water miscible. This article presents an overview of DLLME applications in the analysis of biological samples (e.g., plasma and urine). Aside from the classical DLLME applications using high density extraction solvents, recent advances in the use of low density solvents and ionic liquids are also discussed. Although most of the applications deal with the analysis of organic target compounds, a few applications on the bioanalysis of inorganic substances are also included.
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Abstract
The great impact of cardiovascular diseases in human health has led to the development of a huge number of drugs and therapies to improve the treatment of these diseases. Cardiovascular drug analysis in biological fluids constitutes an important challenge for analytical scientists. There is a clear need for reliable methods to carry out both qualitative and quantitative analysis in a short time of analysis. Different problems such as drug monitoring, analysis of metabolites, study of drugs interactions, drugs residues or degradation products, chiral separation, and screening and confirmation of drugs of abuse in doping control must be solved. New trends in sample preparation, instrumental and column technology advances in LC and innovations in MS are described in this work.
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Wu H, Zhang L, Gao N, Li Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Tian L, Du LM. Magnetic Retrieval of Ionic Liquids: High Sensitivity Fluorescence Determination of Carvedilol in Tablets, Plasma, and Urine. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1070165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Viñas P, Campillo N, Andruch V. Recent achievements in solidified floating organic drop microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jouyban A, Sorouraddin MH, Farajzadeh MA, Somi MH, Fazeli-Bakhtiyari R. Determination of five antiarrhythmic drugs in human plasma by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 134:681-689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li W, Wang Y, Huang L, Wu T, Hu H, Du Y. Rapid determination of trace thiabendazole in apple juice utilizing dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with fluorescence spectrophotometry. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:872-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Huilian Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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Salt-assisted LLE combined with field-amplified sample stacking in CE for improved determination of beta blocker drugs in human urine. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:319-34. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A simple and sensitive CE method was developed and validated for the analysis of some beta blockers in human urine. Methods: In this study, salting-out assisted LLE combined with field-amplified sample stacking method was employed for biological sample clean-up and sensitivity enhancement in CE. Results: Under the optimal conditions good linearity (r2 ≥0.998) was obtained, within 0.025–1 µg/ml for propranolol and metoprolol, and within 0.05–1 µg/ml for carvedilol in urine samples. LODs and LLOQs ranged from 0.005 to 0.015 µg/ml, and from 0.025 to 0.05 µg/ml, respectively. The RSDs of intra- and inter-day analysis of examined compounds were less than 4.0%. The recoveries were in the range of 98–119%. Conclusion: The validated method is successfully applied to determine propranolol, metoprolol and carvedilol in human urine samples obtained from the patients who received these drugs.
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