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Wang H, Sun Y, Guo W, Wang J, Gao J, Peng W, Gu J. Identification and high-throughput quantification of baicalein and its metabolites in plasma and urine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115853. [PMID: 36272493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. contains varieties of function compounds, and it has been used as traditional drug for centuries. Baicalein is the highest amount of flavonoid found in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., which exerts various pharmacological activities and might be a promising drug to treat COVID-19. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work aims to investigate the metabolism of baicalein in humans after oral administration, and study the pharmacokinetics of BA and its seven metabolites in plasma and urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolism profiling and the identification of baicalein metabolites were performed on HPLC-Q-TOF. Then a column-switching method named MPX™-2 system was applied for the high-throughput quantificationof BA and seven metabolites. RESULTS Seven metabolites were identified using HPLC-Q-TOF, including sulfate, glucuronide, glucoside, and methyl-conjugated metabolites. Pharmacokinetic study found that BA was extensively metabolized in vivo, and only 5.65% of the drug remained intact in the circulatory system after single dosing. Baicalein-7-O-sulfate and baicalein-6-O-glucuronide-7-O-glucuronide were the most abundant metabolites. About 7.2% of the drug was excreted through urine and mostly was metabolites. CONCLUSION Seven conjugated metabolites were identified in our assay. A high-throughput HPLC-MS/MS method using column switch was established for quantifying BA and its metabolites. The method has good sensitivity and reproducibility, and successfully applied for the clinical pharmacokinetic study of baicalein and identified metabolites. We expect that our results will provide a metabolic and pharmacokinetic foundation for the potential application of baicalein in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Yantong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Wenwen Peng
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China; Beijing Institute of Drug Metabolism, Beijing, 102209, PR China.
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Raja R, Alam SD, Srisath V, Jain AK, ALOthman ZA, Mohammed AAA, Islam MA, Bhatt T, Ali I. A comparative study of chiral separation of proton pump inhibitors by supercritical fluid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:804-811. [PMID: 34894085 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of chiral separation of pantoprazole and rabeprazole is carried out using supercritical fluid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The columns used were Chiralpak IA and Chiralpak IE. The best mobile phase in supercritical fluid chromatography was carbon dioxide-0.2% triethylamine in methanol (60:40) and 0.1% triethylamine in n-hexane-ethanol (50:50) in high-performance liquid chromatography. For supercritical fluid chromatography, values of the retention factor of pantoprazole enantiomers were 3.97 and 4.88. These values for rabeprazole enantiomers were 6.10 and 7.52. The values of separation and resolution factor for pantoprazole and rabeprazole were 1.23 and 1.23 and 2.20 and 3.36, respectively. Similarly, for high-performance liquid chromatography, the values of retention factor for enantiomers of pantoprazole were 4.02 and 7.32. These values for rabeprazole enantiomers were 5.32 and 7.88, respectively. The values of separation and resolution factor for pantoprazole and rabeprazole were 1.82 and 1.48 and 9.22 and 6.58, respectively. A comparison was carried out, which confirmed supercritical fluid chromatography as the best method due to its fastness, eco-friendly, and inexpensiveness. The reported methods are effective, efficient, and reproducible and may be used to separate and identify pantoprazole and rabeprazole in any unknown samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Raja
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.,Jubilant Biosys Limited, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Arvind Kumar Jain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah A A Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tahir Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Papp LA, Hancu G, Kelemen H, Tóth G. Chiral separation in the class of proton pump inhibitors by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: An overview. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1761-1789. [PMID: 34004039 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are benzimidazole-derivative chiral sulfoxides, frequently used in the treatment of gastric hyperacidity-related disorders. Due to their stereoselective metabolism, the eutomeric forms of PPIs can present a more advantageous pharmacokinetic profile by comparison with the distomers or racemates. Moreover, two representatives of the class are used in therapy both as racemates and as pure enantiomers (esomeprazole, dexlansoprazole). A relatively large number of enantioseparation methods employed for the stereoselective determination of PPIs from pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental matrices were published in the past three decades. The purpose of the current overview is to provide a systematic survey of the available chiral separation methods published since the introduction of PPIs in the therapy up to the present. Analytical and bioanalytical methods using different chromatographic and electromigration techniques reported for the enantioseparation of omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, ilaprazole, and tenatoprazole are included. The analytical conditions of the presented methods are summarized in three comprehensive tables, while a critical discussion of the applied techniques, possible mechanism of enantiorecognition, and future perspectives on the topic are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Hajnal Kelemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Shaghaghi M, Rashtbari S, Abdollahi A, Dehghan G, Jouyban A. A Sensitive, Simple and Direct Determination of Pantoprazole Based on a "Turn off-on" Fluorescence Nanosensor by Using Terbium-1,10-phenanthroline-silver Nanoparticles. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1345-1352. [PMID: 33177314 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new sensitive, simple, rapid, reliable and selective fluorometric method for the determination of pantoprazole (PAN) in human plasma and a pharmaceutical formulation has been developed. This technique is based on a quenching effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the emission intensity of a fluorescent probe, terbium(III)-1,10-phenantroline (Tb(III)-phen) complex (due to a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon between the Tb(III)-phen complex and AgNPs), and then restoring the fluorescence intensity of the Tb(III)-phen-AgNPs system upon the addition of PAN (turn off-on process). The effects of various factors on the proposed method including time, temperature, pH, order of the addition of various reagents and the concentration of AgNPs were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, a good linear relationship between the enhanced emission intensity of the Tb(III)-phen-AgNPs system and the PAN concentration was observed in the range of (10 - 1000) × 10-8 M. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 7.2 × 10-8 and 24.2 × 10-8 M, respectively. Also, the interferences of some common interfering species on the fluorescence intensity of the system were investigated. This simple and sensitive method was successfully applied for the determination of PAN in spiked human plasma samples and in its capsule formulation. The analytical recoveries were in the range of 88.54 - 101.33 and 90.07 - 98.85%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samaneh Rashtbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz
| | | | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranandDigestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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Fu T, Gao R, Scott-Stevens P, Chen Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Summerfield S, Liu H, Sahi J. Rapid Bioavailability and Disposition protocol: A novel higher throughput approach to assess pharmacokinetics and steady-state brain distribution with reduced animal usage. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:13-21. [PMID: 29857045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Besides routine pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, unbound brain-to-blood concentration ratio (Kp,uu) is an index particularly crucial in drug discovery for central nervous system (CNS) indications. Despite advantages of Kp,uu from steady state after constant intravenous (i.v.) infusion compared with one- or multiple time points after transient dosing, it is seldom obtained for compound optimization in early phase of CNS drug discovery due to requirement of prerequisite PK data to inform the study design. Here, we designed a novel rat in vivo PK protocol, dubbed as Rapid Bioavailability and Disposition (RBD), which combined oral (p.o.) dosing and i.v. infusion to obtain steady-state brain penetration, along with blood clearance, oral exposure and oral bioavailability for each discovery compound, within a 24 hour in-life experiment and only a few (e.g., 3) animals. Protocol validity was verified through simulations with a range of PK parameters in compartmental models as well as data comparison for nine compounds with distinct PK profiles. PK parameters (Kp,brain, CLb and oral AUC) measured from the RBD protocol for all compounds, were within two-fold and/or statistically similar to those derived from conventional i.v./p.o. crossover PK studies. Our data clearly indicates that the RBD protocol offers reliable and reproducible data over a wide range of PK properties, with reduced turnaround time and animal usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fu
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruina Gao
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Shanghai, China
| | - Chalmers Zhang
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Shanghai, China
| | | | - Houfu Liu
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Shanghai, China
| | - Jasminder Sahi
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Shanghai, China
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Jiao H, Li Y, Sun L, Zhang H, Yu L, Yu L, Yuan Z, Xie L, Chen J, Wang Y. A chiral LC-MS/MS method for the enantioselective determination of R
-(+)- and S
-(-)-pantoprazole in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of S
-(-)-pantoprazole sodium injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28370240 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Jiao
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Luning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Liyuan Yu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Lei Yu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Ziqingyun Yuan
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Juan Chen
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Suzhou China
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