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Fang P, You M, Cao Y, Feng Q, Shi L, Wang J, Sun X, Yu D, Zhou W, Yin L, Mei F, Zhu X, Cheng A, Tan X. Development and validation of bioanalytical assays for the quantification of 9MW2821, a nectin-4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116318. [PMID: 38908237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We designed and developed 9MW2821, an anti-Nectin-4 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with an enzymatically cleavable valine-citrulline linker and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as the payload. Four bioanalytical assays for total antibodies, conjugated antibodies, conjugated payload, and free payload were then developed and validated for the comprehensive evaluation of the multiple drug forms of 9MW2821. Specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify total antibodies and conjugated antibody, showing good drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) tolerance. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine free MMAE, and conjugated MMAE was quantified using a combination of ligand-binding assay (LBA) and LC-MS/MS. Based on these four assays, we studied the serum stability and monkey pharmacokinetic profiles of 9MW2821, and the in vivo DAR of 9MW2821 was calculated and dynamically monitored. In conclusion, we developed and validated series of bioanalytical assays to quantify multiple forms of 9MW2821, a new ADC, and used the assays to evaluate the serum stability and monkey pharmacokinetic characteristics. The results indicate good linker stability and suggest that the developed assays can be further used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fang
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Meng You
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yuxia Cao
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qingjun Feng
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Dongan Yu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Long Yin
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Fei Mei
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Aidi Cheng
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Xiaoding Tan
- Jiangsu Mabwell Health Pharmaceutical R&D Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China.
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Nguyen TD, Bordeau BM, Balthasar JP. Mechanisms of ADC Toxicity and Strategies to Increase ADC Tolerability. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:713. [PMID: 36765668 PMCID: PMC9913659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) aim to expand the therapeutic index of traditional chemotherapy by employing the targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to increase the efficiency of the delivery of potent cytotoxic agents to malignant cells. In the past three years, the number of ADCs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tripled. Although several ADCs have demonstrated sufficient efficacy and safety to warrant FDA approval, the clinical use of all ADCs leads to substantial toxicity in treated patients, and many ADCs have failed during clinical development due to their unacceptable toxicity profiles. Analysis of the clinical data has demonstrated that dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) are often shared by different ADCs that deliver the same cytotoxic payload, independent of the antigen that is targeted and/or the type of cancer that is treated. DLTs are commonly associated with cells and tissues that do not express the targeted antigen (i.e., off-target toxicity), and often limit ADC dosage to levels below those required for optimal anti-cancer effects. In this manuscript, we review the fundamental mechanisms contributing to ADC toxicity, we summarize common ADC treatment-related adverse events, and we discuss several approaches to mitigating ADC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Brandon M Bordeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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3
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Bults P, van der Voort A, Meijer C, Sonke GS, Bischoff R, van de Merbel NC. Analytical and pharmacological consequences of the in vivo deamidation of trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1513-1524. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Han M, Smith R, Rock DA. Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS) by Sheath-Flow Nanospray Interface and Its Use in Biopharmaceutical Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2531:15-47. [PMID: 35941476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2493-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Both capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) technologies are powerful analytical tools that have been used extensively in the characterization of biologics in the biopharmaceutical industry. The direct coupling of CE with MS is an attractive approach, in that the high separation capability of CE and the ultrasensitive detection and accurate identification performance of MS can be combined to provide a powerful system for the analysis of complex analytes. In this chapter, we discuss the detailed procedure of carrying out CE-MS analysis using a nano sheath-flow interface and its applications including intact mass analysis of monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins, and a biotransformation study of two Fc-FGF21 molecules in a single-dose pharmacokinetic mice study. Optimization processes, including the finetuning of CE conditions and MS parameters, are illustrated in this chapter, with focuses on method robustness and assay reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Richard Smith
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dan A Rock
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Jin Y, Schladetsch MA, Huang X, Balunas MJ, Wiemer AJ. Stepping forward in antibody-drug conjugate development. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 229:107917. [PMID: 34171334 PMCID: PMC8702582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are cancer therapeutic agents comprised of an antibody, a linker and a small-molecule payload. ADCs use the specificity of the antibody to target the toxic payload to tumor cells. After intravenous administration, ADCs enter circulation, distribute to tumor tissues and bind to the tumor surface antigen. The antigen then undergoes endocytosis to internalize the ADC into tumor cells, where it is transported to lysosomes to release the payload. The released toxic payloads can induce apoptosis through DNA damage or microtubule inhibition and can kill surrounding cancer cells through the bystander effect. The first ADC drug was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2000, but the following decade saw no new approved ADC drugs. From 2011 to 2018, four ADC drugs were approved, while in 2019 and 2020 five more ADCs entered the market. This demonstrates an increasing trend for the clinical development of ADCs. This review summarizes the recent clinical research, with a specific focus on how the in vivo processing of ADCs influences their design. We aim to provide comprehensive information about current ADCs to facilitate future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Megan A Schladetsch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xueting Huang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Marcy J Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Kellie JF, Pannullo KE, Li Y, Fraley K, Mayer A, Sychterz CJ, Szapacs ME, Karlinsey MZ. Antibody Subunit LC-MS Analysis for Pharmacokinetic and Biotransformation Determination from In-Life Studies for Complex Biotherapeutics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8268-8277. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
The majority of ADCs in preclinical and clinical development are for oncology indications where cytotoxic payloads are targeted to antigen-expressing cancer cells. However, the modulation of pathogenic cellular activity via ADC-mediated delivery of bioactive small molecules is also an attractive concept for non-oncology indications leading to an expanded application of the technology. Here we summarize those ADCs that have been described so far for non-oncology applications and which cover a variety of payload mechanisms beyond cell killing, from early in vitro proof-of-concept experiments to clinical trials. As our understanding of ADC technology continues to grow, it is anticipated that the development of ADCs as therapeutics for disease areas outside of oncology will also increase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- Abbvie Global Biologics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
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Kotapati S, Passmore D, Yamazoe S, Sanku RKK, Cong Q, Poudel YB, Chowdari NS, Gangwar S, Rao C, Rangan VS, Cardarelli PM, Deshpande S, Strop P, Dollinger G, Rajpal A. Universal Affinity Capture Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Assay for Evaluation of Biotransformation of Site-Specific Antibody Drug Conjugates in Preclinical Studies. Anal Chem 2019; 92:2065-2073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Schadt S, Hauri S, Lopes F, Edelmann MR, Staack RF, Villaseñor R, Kettenberger H, Roth AB, Schuler F, Richter WF, Funk C. Are Biotransformation Studies of Therapeutic Proteins Needed? Scientific Considerations and Technical Challenges. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1443-1456. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.088997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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High-Resolution Characterization of ADCs by Orbitrap LCMS. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 2078:213-219. [PMID: 31643059 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9929-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have complex molecular structures as they are composed of both small and large molecules, and they often undergo biotransformation over time in circulation. Here we describe a high-resolution Orbitrap MS approach for the characterization of ADC biotransformation and stability. Compared with conventional approach by Q-TOF MS, the method described here significantly improved the mass resolution and enabled more comprehensive characterization of ADC catabolites. It is particularly beneficial for characterizing ADC biotransformations with small mass changes.
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11
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Kang L, Weng N, Jian W. LC–MS bioanalysis of intact proteins and peptides. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4633. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Kang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson Spring House PA
| | - Naidong Weng
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson Spring House PA
| | - Wenying Jian
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson Spring House PA
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12
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Protein quantification by LC–MS: a decade of progress through the pages of Bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:629-644. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, there has been a remarkable increase in the use of LC–MS for the quantitative determination of proteins, and this technique can now be considered an established bioanalytical platform for the quantification of macromolecular drugs and biomarkers, next to the traditional ligand-binding assays. Many researchers have contributed to the field and helped improve both the technical possibilities of LC–MS-based workflows and our understanding of the meaning of the results that are obtained. As a tribute to Bioanalysis, which has published many important contributions, this report gives a high-level overview of the most important trends in the field of protein LC–MS, as published in this journal since its inauguration a decade ago. It describes the major technical developments with regard to sample handling, separation and MS detection of both digested and intact protein analysis. In addition, the relevance of the complex structure and in vivo behavior of proteins is discussed and the effect of protein–protein interactions, biotransformation and the occurrence of isoforms on the analytical result is addressed.
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13
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Biotherapeutic Antibody Subunit LC-MS and Peptide Mapping LC-MS Measurements to Study Possible Biotransformation and Critical Quality Attributes In Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1415-1422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Multiplex LC-MS/MS Assays for Clinical Bioanalysis of MEDI4276, an Antibody-Drug Conjugate of Tubulysin Analogue Attached via Cleavable Linker to a Biparatopic Humanized Antibody against HER-2. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8010011. [PMID: 31544817 PMCID: PMC6640689 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioanalysis of complex biotherapeutics, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), is challenging and requires multiple assays to describe their pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. To enable exposure-safety and exposure-efficacy analyses, as well as to understand the metabolism of ADC therapeutics, three bioanalytical methods are typically employed: Total Antibody, Antibody Conjugated Toxin or Total ADC and Unconjugated Toxin. MEDI4276 is an ADC comprised of biparatopic humanized antibody attached via a protease-cleavable peptide-based maleimidocaproyl linker to a tubulysin toxin (AZ13599185) with an approximate average drug-antibody ratio of 4. The conjugated payload of MEDI4276 can undergo ester hydrolysis to produce the conjugated payload AZ13687308, leading to the formation of MEDI1498 (de-acetylated MEDI4276). In this report, we describe the development, validation and application of three novel multiplex bioanalytical methods. The first ligand-binding liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LBA-LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous measurement of total antibody and total ADC (antibody-conjugated AZ13599185) from MEDI4276. The second LBA-LC-MS/MS assay quantified total ADC (antibody-conjugated AZ13687308) from MEDI1498. The third multiplex LC-MS/MS assay was used for simultaneous quantification of unconjugated AZ13599185 and AZ13687308. Additional stability experiments confirmed that quantification of the released warhead in the presence of high concentrations of MEDI4276 was acceptable. Subsequently, the assays were employed in support of a first-in-human clinical trial (NCT02576548).
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Review of approaches and examples for monitoring biotransformation in protein and peptide therapeutics by MS. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1877-1890. [PMID: 30325207 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutic drugs have emerged in quantity in pharmaceutical pipelines, and increasingly diverse biomolecules are progressed through preclinical and clinical development. As purification, separation, mass spectrometer detection and data processing capabilities improve, there is opportunity to monitor drug concentration by traditional ligand-binding assay or MS measurement and to monitor metabolism, catabolism or other biomolecular mass variants present in circulation. This review highlights approaches and examples of monitoring biotransformation of biotherapeutics by MS as these techniques are poised to add value to drug development in years to come. The increased use of such approaches, and the successful quantitation of biotherapeutic structural modifications, will provide insightful data for the benefit of both researchers and patients.
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Bioanalytical workflow for novel scaffold protein–drug conjugates: quantitation of total Centyrin protein, conjugated Centyrin and free payload for Centyrin–drug conjugate in plasma and tissue samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1651-1665. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alternative scaffold proteins have emerged as novel platforms for development of therapeutic applications. One such application is in protein–drug conjugates (PDCs), which are analogous to antibody–drug conjugates. Methodology: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods for quantitation of total protein, conjugate and free payload for a PDC based on Centyrin scaffold were developed. Tryptic peptides generated from a region of the Centyrin that does not contain a conjugation site, and another that has the conjugation site with the linker-payload attached were used as surrogates of the total and conjugated Centyrin, respectively. Conclusion: The methods were successfully applied to analysis of samples from mice to quantify the plasma and tissue concentrations. This same workflow can potentially be applied to other PDCs and site-specific antibody–drug conjugates.
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Su D, Kozak KR, Sadowsky J, Yu SF, Fourie-O’Donohue A, Nelson C, Vandlen R, Ohri R, Liu L, Ng C, He J, Davis H, Lau J, Del Rosario G, Cosino E, Cruz-Chuh JD, Ma Y, Zhang D, Darwish M, Cai W, Chen C, Zhou H, Lu J, Liu Y, Kaur S, Xu K, Pillow TH. Modulating Antibody–Drug Conjugate Payload Metabolism by Conjugation Site and Linker Modification. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1155-1167. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Su
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Christopher Nelson
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Helen Davis
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeff Lau
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Geoffrey Del Rosario
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ely Cosino
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Yong Ma
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martine Darwish
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Chunjiao Chen
- Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhou
- Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Wuxi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yichin Liu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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LC–MS Challenges in Characterizing and Quantifying Monoclonal Antibodies (mAb) and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) in Biological Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Immunoaffinity capture coupled with capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry to study therapeutic protein stability in vivo. Anal Biochem 2017; 539:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Immunoprecipitation middle-up LC–MS for in vivo drug-to-antibody ratio determination for antibody–drug conjugates. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1535-1549. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) determination is critical for development of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). This work presents a middle-up LC–MS approach for DAR analysis using prelabeled capture beads and in-house fabricated slit-plates. Methodology & Results: Cysteine, engineered cysteine and disulfide-linked ADCs, each with two different linker payloads, were immunocaptured and digested to scFc and F(ab′)2 fragments. At this point, disulfide-linked ADCs were analyzed while cysteine and engineered cysteine ADCs were reduced to LC and Fd′ fragments for analysis. Results were precise, accurate and sensitive, allowing DAR to be determined out to 21 days. Conclusion: This work describes a method that is easily implemented, amenable to high-throughput analysis and does not require specialized reagents or equipment.
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Dal Corso A, Cazzamalli S, Gébleux R, Mattarella M, Neri D. Protease-Cleavable Linkers Modulate the Anticancer Activity of Noninternalizing Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1826-1833. [PMID: 28662334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an attractive class of biopharmaceutical agents, with the potential to selectively deliver potent cytotoxic agents to tumors. It is generally assumed that ADC products should preferably bind and internalize into cancer cells in order to liberate their toxic payload, but a growing body of evidence indicates that also ADCs based on noninternalizing antibodies may be potently active. In this Communication, we investigated dipeptide-based linkers (frequently used for internalizing ADC products) in the context of the noninternalizing F16 antibody, specific to a splice isoform of tenascin-C. Using monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as potent cytotoxic drug, we observed that a single amino acid substitution of the Val-Cit dipeptide linker can substantially modulate the in vivo stability of the corresponding ADC products, as well as the anticancer activity in mice bearing the human epidermoid A431 carcinoma. In these settings, the linker based on the Val-Ala dipeptide exhibited better performances, compared to Val-Cit, Val-Lys, and Val-Arg analogues. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the four linkers displayed not only different stability in vivo but also differences in cleavage sites. Moreover, the absence of anticancer activity for a F16-MMAE conjugate featuring a noncleavable linker indicated that drug release modalities, based on proteolytic degradation of the immunoglobulin moiety, cannot be exploited with noninternalizing antibodies. ADC products based on the noninternalizing F16 antibody may be useful for the treatment of several human malignancies, as the cognate antigen is abundantly expressed in the extracellular matrix of several tumors, while being virtually undetectable in most normal adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Cazzamalli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Gébleux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Grünewald J, Jin Y, Vance J, Read J, Wang X, Wan Y, Zhou H, Ou W, Klock HE, Peters EC, Uno T, Brock A, Geierstanger BH. Optimization of an Enzymatic Antibody-Drug Conjugation Approach Based on Coenzyme A Analogs. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1906-1915. [PMID: 28590752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphopantetheine transferases (PPTases) can be used to efficiently prepare site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by enzymatically coupling coenzyme A (CoA)-linker payloads to 11-12 amino acid peptide substrates inserted into antibodies. Here, a two-step strategy is established wherein in a first step, CoA analogs with various bioorthogonal reactivities are enzymatically installed on the antibody for chemical conjugation with a cytotoxic payload in a second step. Because of the high structural similarity of these CoA analogs to the natural PPTase substrate CoA-SH, the first step proceeds very efficiently and enables the use of peptide tags as short as 6 amino acids compared to the 11-12 amino acids required for efficient one-step coupling of the payload molecule. Furthermore, two-step conjugation provides access to diverse linker chemistries and spacers of varying lengths. The potency of the ADCs was largely independent of linker architecture. In mice, proteolytic cleavage was observed for some C-terminally linked auristatin payloads. The in vivo stability of these ADCs was significantly improved by reduction of the linker length. In addition, linker stability was found to be modulated by attachment site, and this, together with linker length, provides an opportunity for maximizing ADC stability without sacrificing potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Grünewald
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yunho Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Julie Vance
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jessica Read
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xing Wang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yongqin Wan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Huanfang Zhou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weijia Ou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Heath E Klock
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Eric C Peters
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tetsuo Uno
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ansgar Brock
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bernhard H Geierstanger
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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23
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Catabolism of antibody drug conjugates and characterization methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2933-2945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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He J, Su D, Ng C, Liu L, Yu SF, Pillow TH, Del Rosario G, Darwish M, Lee BC, Ohri R, Zhou H, Wang X, Lu J, Kaur S, Xu K. High-Resolution Accurate-Mass Mass Spectrometry Enabling In-Depth Characterization of in Vivo Biotransformations for Intact Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5476-5483. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintang He
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dian Su
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Martine Darwish
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Byoung-Chul Lee
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hongxiang Zhou
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Xueji Wang
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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25
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Tumey LN, Leverett CA, Vetelino B, Li F, Rago B, Han X, Loganzo F, Musto S, Bai G, Sukuru SCK, Graziani EI, Puthenveetil S, Casavant J, Ratnayake A, Marquette K, Hudson S, Doppalapudi VR, Stock J, Tchistiakova L, Bessire AJ, Clark T, Lucas J, Hosselet C, O’Donnell CJ, Subramanyam C. Optimization of Tubulysin Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Case Study in Addressing ADC Metabolism. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:977-982. [PMID: 27882194 PMCID: PMC5108037 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of our efforts to develop new classes of tubulin inhibitor payloads for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) programs, we developed a tubulysin ADC that demonstrated excellent in vitro activity but suffered from rapid metabolism of a critical acetate ester. A two-pronged strategy was employed to address this metabolism. First, the hydrolytically labile ester was replaced by a carbamate functional group resulting in a more stable ADC that retained potency in cellular assays. Second, site-specific conjugation was employed in order to design ADCs with reduced metabolic liabilities. Using the later approach, we were able to identify a conjugate at the 334C position of the heavy chain that resulted in an ADC with considerably reduced metabolism and improved efficacy. The examples discussed herein provide one of the clearest demonstrations to-date that site of conjugation can play a critical role in addressing metabolic and PK liabilities of an ADC. Moreover, a clear correlation was identified between the hydrophobicity of an ADC and its susceptibility to metabolic enzymes. Importantly, this study demonstrates that traditional medicinal chemistry strategies can be effectively applied to ADC programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Nathan Tumey
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Leverett
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Beth Vetelino
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Fengping Li
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Brian Rago
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Xiaogang Han
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Frank Loganzo
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Sylvia Musto
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Guoyun Bai
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | | | - Edmund I. Graziani
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Sujiet Puthenveetil
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Jeffrey Casavant
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Anokha Ratnayake
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Kimberly Marquette
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Sarah Hudson
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | | | - Joseph Stock
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | | | - Andrew J. Bessire
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Tracey Clark
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Judy Lucas
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Christine Hosselet
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
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26
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Calculated conjugated payload from immunoassay and LC–MS intact protein analysis measurements of antibody-drug conjugate. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2205-2217. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Complex nature of bioconjugates require multiple bioanalytical approaches to support PK and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion characterization. For antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) bioanalysis both LC–MS and ligand-binding assays (LBAs) are employed. Results: A method consisting of immunocapture extraction of ADC from biomatrices followed by LC–MS analysis of light and heavy chain is described. Drug antibody ratio (DAR) profiles of ADC Tras-mcVC-PF06380101 dosed at 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley rats were obtained. Combined with total antibody (monoclonal antibody) measurement by LBA, conjugated payload concentration was calculated. Conclusion: PK profiles from LBA, ADC and calculated conjugated payload (DAR × monoclonal antibody) were in good agreement. We present a new tool for PK assessment of ADCs while also exploring ADC metabolism and DAR sensitivity of LBA ADC assay.
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27
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Unconjugated payload quantification and DAR characterization of antibody–drug conjugates using high-resolution MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1663-78. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The application of high-resolution MS to antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) drug development may provide insight into their safety and efficacy. Quantification of unconjugated cytotoxic drug (payload) and characterization of drug-to-antibody ratio distribution were determined in plasma using orthogonal acceleration quadrupole-time-of-flight MS. Results: Unconjugated payload quantification determined by quadrupole-time-of-flight-based MRMhighresolution and triple quadrupole-based multiple reaction monitoring were comparable and achieved detection limits of 0.030 and 0.015 ng/ml, respectively. As determined by immunocapture and TOF-MS, drug-to-antibody ratio remained unchanged up to 3-weeks postdose for an ADC containing engineered glutamine linkers, but declined from four to three over 2 weeks in an ADC containing engineered cysteine linkers. Conclusion: The use of high-resolution MS in ADC drug discovery confirms its utility within the bioanalytical discipline.
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28
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Antibody–drug conjugate bioanalysis using LB-LC–MS/MS hybrid assays: strategies, methodology and correlation to ligand-binding assays. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1383-401. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are complex drug constructs with multiple species in the heterogeneous mixture that contribute to their efficacy and toxicity. The bioanalysis of ADCs involves multiple assays and analytical platforms. Methods: A series of ligand binding and LC–MS/MS (LB-LC–MS/MS) hybrid assays, through different combinations of anti-idiotype (anti-Id), anti-payload, or generic capture reagents, and cathepsin-B or trypsin enzyme digestion, were developed and evaluated for the analysis of conjugated-payload as well as for species traditionally measured by ligand-binding assays, total-antibody and conjugated-antibody. Results & conclusion: Hybrid assays are complementary or viable alternatives to ligand-binding assay for ADC bioanalysis and PK/PD modeling. The fit-for-purpose choice of analytes, assays and platforms and an integrated strategy from Discovery to Development for ADC PK and bioanalysis are recommended.
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29
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Huang RYC, Chen G. Characterization of antibody-drug conjugates by mass spectrometry: advances and future trends. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:850-5. [PMID: 27080148 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging modalities in the pharmaceutical industry. The unique target-specific binding of antibody allows targeted delivery of cytotoxic small molecules to cancer cells, and thus expands the therapeutic window. However, in-depth characterization of ADCs is complex because it involves the characterization of antibody, conjugated molecules and antibody conjugates as a whole. In this review, we describe the practical use of mass spectrometry for ADC characterization including qualitative and quantitative analysis. Technical advances, limitations and future trends will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y-C Huang
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Guodong Chen
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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30
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Dorywalska M, Dushin R, Moine L, Farias SE, Zhou D, Navaratnam T, Lui V, Hasa-Moreno A, Casas MG, Tran TT, Delaria K, Liu SH, Foletti D, O'Donnell CJ, Pons J, Shelton DL, Rajpal A, Strop P. Molecular Basis of Valine-Citrulline-PABC Linker Instability in Site-Specific ADCs and Its Mitigation by Linker Design. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:958-70. [PMID: 26944918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The degree of stability of antibody-drug linkers in systemic circulation, and the rate of their intracellular processing within target cancer cells are among the key factors determining the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) in vivo Previous studies demonstrated the susceptibility of cleavable linkers, as well as auristatin-based payloads, to enzymatic cleavage in rodent plasma. Here, we identify Carboxylesterase 1C as the enzyme responsible for the extracellular hydrolysis of valine-citrulline-p-aminocarbamate (VC-PABC)-based linkers in mouse plasma. We further show that the activity of Carboxylesterase 1C towards VC-PABC-based linkers, and consequently the stability of ADCs in mouse plasma, can be effectively modulated by small chemical modifications to the linker. While the introduced modifications can protect the VC-PABC-based linkers from extracellular cleavage, they do not significantly alter the intracellular linker processing by the lysosomal protease Cathepsin B. The distinct substrate preference of the serum Carboxylesterase 1C offers the opportunity to modulate the extracellular stability of cleavable ADCs without diminishing the intracellular payload release required for ADC efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 958-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russell Dushin
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Ludivine Moine
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | | | - Dahui Zhou
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | | | - Victor Lui
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Thomas-Toan Tran
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kathy Delaria
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Davide Foletti
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jaume Pons
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - David L Shelton
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Pavel Strop
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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Beck A, Terral G, Debaene F, Wagner-Rousset E, Marcoux J, Janin-Bussat MC, Colas O, Van Dorsselaer A, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry methods for the multi-level structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:157-83. [PMID: 26653789 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are highly cytotoxic drugs covalently attached via conditionally stable linkers to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are among the most promising next-generation empowered biologics for cancer treatment. ADCs are more complex than naked mAbs, as the heterogeneity of the conjugates adds to the inherent microvariability of the biomolecules. The development and optimization of ADCs rely on improving their analytical and bioanalytical characterization by assessing several critical quality attributes, namely the distribution and position of the drug, the amount of naked antibody, the average drug to antibody ratio, and the residual drug-linker and related product proportions. Here brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), the first and gold-standard hinge-cysteine and lysine drug conjugates, respectively, were chosen to develop new mass spectrometry (MS) methods and to improve multiple-level structural assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Guillaume Terral
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - François Debaene
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Olivier Colas
- a Centre d'Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF) , Saint-Julien-en-Genevois , France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- b BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department , Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,c IPHC, Analytical Sciences Department, CNRS, UMR7178 , Strasbourg , France
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