1
|
Barnett JP. Transcriptional Response of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 to Severe Zinc Starvation. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11597. [PMID: 37822354 PMCID: PMC10563805 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that is primarily associated with severe respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis. These bacteria have significant intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial therapy, and there is a need for more effective treatments. Bacterial zinc uptake and homeostasis systems are attractive targets for new drugs, yet our understanding of how bacteria acquire and utilise zinc remains incomplete. Here we have used RNA-sequencing and differential gene expression analysis to investigate how B. cenocepacia H111 is able to survive in zinc poor environments, such as those expected to be encountered within the host. The data shows that 201 genes are significantly differentially expressed when zinc supply is severely limited. Included in the 85 upregulated genes, are genes encoding a putative ZnuABC high affinity zinc importer, two TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors that may facilitate zinc uptake across the outer cell membrane, and a COG0523 family zinc metallochaperone. Amongst the 116 downregulated genes, are several zinc-dependent enzymes suggesting a mechanism of zinc sparring to reduce the cells demand for zinc when bioavailability is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Paul Barnett
- College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Wei Z, Li J, Liu X, Zhu L, Wang Y, Wang T, Li C, Shen X. A Yersinia T6SS Effector YezP Engages the Hemin Uptake Receptor HmuR and ZnuABC for Zn 2+ Acquisition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0024023. [PMID: 37338394 PMCID: PMC10370319 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00240-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal ions are essential nutrients for all life forms, and restriction of metal ion availability is an effective host defense against bacterial infection. Meanwhile, bacterial pathogens have developed equally effective means to secure their metal ion supply. The enteric pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was found to uptake zinc using the T6SS4 effector YezP, which is essential for Zn2+ acquisition and bacterial survival under oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of this zinc uptake pathway has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified the hemin uptake receptor HmuR for YezP, which can mediate import of Zn2+ into the periplasm by the YezP-Zn2+ complex and demonstrated that YezP functions extracellularly. This study also confirmed that the ZnuCB transporter is the inner membrane transporter for Zn2+ from the periplasm to cytoplasm. Overall, our results reveal the complete T6SS/YezP/HmuR/ZnuABC pathway, wherein multiple systems are coupled to support zinc uptake by Y. pseudotuberculosis under oxidative stress. IMPORTANCE Identifying the transporters involved in import of metal ions under normal physiological growth conditions in bacterial pathogens will clarify its pathogenic mechanism. Y. pseudotuberculosis YPIII, a common foodborne pathogen that infects animals and humans, uptake zinc via the T6SS4 effector YezP. However, the outer and inner transports involved in Zn2+ acquisition remain unknown. The important outcomes of this study are the identification of the hemin uptake receptor HmuR and inner membrane transporter ZnuCB that import Zn2+ into the cytoplasm via the YezP-Zn2+ complex, and elucidation of the complete Zn2+ acquisition pathway consisting of T6SS, HmuRSTUV, and ZnuABC, thereby providing a comprehensive view of T6SS-mediated ion transport and its functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Qingyang Longfeng Sponge City Construction Management & Operation Co., Ltd, Qingyang, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fiorillo A, Battistoni A, Ammendola S, Secli V, Rinaldo S, Cutruzzolà F, Demitri N, Ilari A. Structure and metal-binding properties of PA4063, a novel player in periplasmic zinc trafficking by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1401-1410. [PMID: 34726168 PMCID: PMC8561739 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321009608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability to obtain essential nutrients in hostile environments is a critical skill for pathogens. Under zinc-deficient conditions, Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a pool of metal homeostasis control systems that is complex compared with other Gram-negative bacteria and has only been partially characterized. Here, the structure and zinc-binding properties of the protein PA4063, the first component of the PA4063-PA4066 operon, are described. PA4063 has no homologs in other organisms and is characterized by the presence of two histidine-rich sequences. ITC titration detected two zinc-binding sites with micromolar affinity. Crystallographic characterization, performed both with and without zinc, revealed an α/β-sandwich structure that can be classified as a noncanonical ferredoxin-like fold since it differs in size and topology. The histidine-rich stretches located at the N-terminus and between β3 and β4 are disordered in the apo structure, but a few residues become structured in the presence of zinc, contributing to coordination in one of the two sites. The ability to bind two zinc ions at relatively low affinity, the absence of catalytic cavities and the presence of two histidine-rich loops are properties and structural features which suggest that PA4063 might play a role as a periplasmic zinc chaperone or as a concentration sensor useful for optimizing the response of the pathogen to zinc deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battistoni
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vegata, Via delle Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vegata, Via delle Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Secli
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vegata, Via delle Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated To Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated To Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pizzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mehmood K, Moin A, Hussain T, Rizvi SMD, Gowda DV, Shakil S, Kamal MA. Can manipulation of gut microbiota really be transformed into an intervention strategy for cardiovascular disease management? Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:897-916. [PMID: 34699042 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancement in manipulation techniques of gut microbiota either ex vivo or in situ has broadened its plausible applicability for treating various diseases including cardiovascular disease. Several reports suggested that altering gut microbiota composition is an effective way to deal with issues associated with managing cardiovascular diseases. However, actual translation of gut microbiota manipulation-based techniques into cardiovascular-therapeutic approach is still questionable. This review summarized the evidence on challenges, opportunities, recent development, and future prospects of gut microbiota manipulation for targeting cardiovascular diseases. Initially, issues associated with current cardiovascular diseases treatment strategy, association of gut microbiota with cardiovascular disease, and its influence on cardiovascular drugs were discussed, followed by applicability of gut microbiota manipulation as a cardiovascular disease intervention strategy along with its challenges and future prospects. Despite the fact that the gut microbiota is rugged, interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, fecal virome transplantation, antibiotics, diet changes, and exercises could manipulate it. Advanced techniques like administration of engineered bacteriophages and bacteria could also be employed. Intensive exploration revealed that if sufficiently controlled approach and proper monitoring were applied, gut microbiota could provide a compelling answer for cardiovascular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Pakistan
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA, Saudi Arabia.
| | - D V Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics 7 Peterlee Place, NSW, 2770, Hebersham, Australia.,Novel Global Community, Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai R, Gao F, Pan J, Hao X, Yu Z, Qu Y, Li J, Wang D, Wang Y, Shen X, Liu X, Yang Y. The transcriptional regulator Zur regulates the expression of ZnuABC and T6SS4 in response to stresses in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2021; 249:126787. [PMID: 33991717 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Zinc homeostasis is crucial for the development and stress resistance of bacteria in the environment. Serial zinc sensing transcriptional regulators, zinc transporters and zinc binding proteins were found to maintain the zinc homeostasis in bacteria. Zur is a zinc uptake regulator that is widely distributed in species, and ZnuABC, as well as the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS4) function in zinc acquisition. Here, we report that the regulator Zur inhibits the expression of the ZnuABC which inhibition could be eliminated at low zinc level, and upregulates the T6SS4 operon in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to facilitate Zn2+ uptake and oxidative stress resistance. Zur regulates the expression of ZnuABC and T6SS4 by directly binding to their promoter regions. Zur senses the Zn2+ concentration and represses ZnuABC in a Zn2+-containing environment. Zur works as an auxiliary regular activator of T6SS4, facilitating oxidative stress resistance. This study revealed the dual function of regulator Zur on ZnuABC and T6SS4, and enriched the knowledge of Zn2+ homeostasis maintenance in Y. pseudotuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cai
- Beijing Capital Co., LTD, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junfeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zonglan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yichen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xihui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zur: Zinc-Sensing Transcriptional Regulator in a Diverse Set of Bacterial Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030344. [PMID: 33804265 PMCID: PMC8000910 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is the quintessential d block metal, needed for survival in all living organisms. While Zn is an essential element, its excess is deleterious, therefore, maintenance of its intracellular concentrations is needed for survival. The living organisms, during the course of evolution, developed proteins that can track the limitation or excess of necessary metal ions, thus providing survival benefits under variable environmental conditions. Zinc uptake regulator (Zur) is a regulatory transcriptional factor of the FUR superfamily of proteins, abundant among the bacterial species and known for its intracellular Zn sensing ability. In this study, we highlight the roles played by Zur in maintaining the Zn levels in various bacterial species as well as the fact that in recent years Zur has emerged not only as a Zn homeostatic regulator but also as a protein involved directly or indirectly in virulence of some pathogens. This functional aspect of Zur could be exploited in the ventures for the identification of newer antimicrobial targets. Despite extensive research on Zur, the insights into its overall regulon and its moonlighting functions in various pathogens yet remain to be explored. Here in this review, we aim to summarise the disparate functional aspects of Zur proteins present in various bacterial species.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu H, Wang X, Feng W, Liu Q, Zhou S, Liu Q, Cai L. The gut microbiota and its interactions with cardiovascular disease. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:637-656. [PMID: 31984651 PMCID: PMC7111081 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is colonized by a considerable community of microorganisms that cohabits within the host and plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecology plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, the effects of imbalances in microbe-host interactions on homeostasis can lead to the progression of CVD. Alterations in the composition of gut flora and disruptions in gut microbial metabolism are implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. Furthermore, the gut microbiota functions like an endocrine organ that produces bioactive metabolites, including trimethylamine/trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, which are also involved in host health and disease via numerous pathways. Thus, the gut microbiota and its metabolic pathways have attracted growing attention as a therapeutic target for CVD treatment. The fundamental purpose of this review was to summarize recent studies that have illustrated the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, their metabolites and the development of common CVD, as well as the effects of gut dysbiosis on CVD risk factors. Moreover, we systematically discuss the normal physiology of gut microbiota and potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to prevent and treat CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
- Pediatric Research InstituteDepartment of Pediatricsthe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research InstituteDepartment of Pediatricsthe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
| |
Collapse
|