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Liu Z, Wang R, Wang Y, Duan Y, Zhan H. Targeting succinylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming as a potential approach for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115713. [PMID: 37852104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancers and involves alterations in many metabolic pathways during tumor initiation and progression. However, the cancer-specific modulation of metabolic reprogramming requires further elucidation. Succinylation, a newly identified protein posttranslational modification (PTM), participates in many cellular processes by transferring a succinyl group to a residue of the target protein, which is related to various pathological disorders including cancers. In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the number of studies on the regulation of tumors by protein succinylation. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that succinylation can mediate cancer cell metabolism by altering the structure or activity of metabolism-related proteins and plays vital roles in metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, some antitumor drugs have been linked to succinylation-mediated tumor-associated metabolism. To better elucidate lysine succinylation mediated tumor metabolic reprogramming, this review mainly summarizes recent studies on the regulation and effects of protein succinylation in tumors, focusing on the metabolic regulation of tumorigenesis and development, which will provide new directions for cancer diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Runxian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yangmiao Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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2
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Vieito M, Moreno V, Spreafico A, Brana I, Wang JS, Preis M, Hernández T, Genta S, Hansen AR, Doger B, Galvao V, Lenox L, Brown RJ, Kalota A, Mehta J, Pastore F, Patel B, Mistry P, Gu J, Lauring J, Patel MR. Phase 1 Study of JNJ-64619178, a Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Inhibitor, in Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3592-3602. [PMID: 37491846 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this first-in-human, Phase 1, open-label, multicenter study, we evaluated JNJ-64619178, a selective and potent PRMT5 inhibitor, in patients with advanced malignant solid tumors or non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and to identify a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of JNJ-64619178. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adult patients with treatment-refractory advanced solid tumors or NHL and measurable disease received escalating doses of JNJ-64619178 following two schedules (Schedule A: 14 days on/7 days off; Schedule B: every day on a 21-day cycle). Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and clinical activity were evaluated. RESULTS Ninety patients received JNJ-64619178. Thrombocytopenia was identified as the only dose-limiting toxicity. JNJ-64619178 showed dose-proportional PK and robust target engagement, as measured by plasma symmetric dimethylarginine, across all dose levels. The objective response rate was 5.6% (5 of 90). Patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) had an ORR of 11.5% (3 of 26) and a median progression-free survival of 19.1 months. CONCLUSIONS JNJ-64619178 demonstrated manageable dose-dependent toxicity and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity in ACC and other tumor types. Plasma exposure was dose dependent, and target inhibition was maintained with intermittent and continuous dosing. On the basis of safety, clinical activity, PK, and PD findings, two provisional RP2Ds were selected: 1.5 mg intermittently and 1.0 mg once daily. Aside from ACC, clinical benefit was limited, and biomarkers to enrich for responsiveness to PRMT5 inhibition will be needed for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vieito
- Vall de Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- START MADRID-FJD, Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid Spain
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Brana
- Vall de Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judy S Wang
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
| | | | | | - Sofia Genta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Doger
- START MADRID-FJD, Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid Spain
| | | | - Laurie Lenox
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Regina J Brown
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Kalota
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaydeep Mehta
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bharvin Patel
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Pankaj Mistry
- Janssen Research & Development, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | - Junchen Gu
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Josh Lauring
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, Florida
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3
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Zheng J, Li B, Wu Y, Wu X, Wang Y. Targeting Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT5 for Cancer Therapy: Updated Progress and Novel Strategies. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37366223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a predominant type II protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5 plays critical roles in various normal cellular processes by catalyzing the mono- and symmetrical dimethylation of a wide range of histone and nonhistone substrates. Clinical studies have revealed that high expression of PRMT5 is observed in different solid tumors and hematological malignancies and is closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. Accordingly, PRMT5 is becoming a promising anticancer target and has received great attention in both the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community. In this Perspective, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in the development of first-generation PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors and highlight novel strategies targeting PRMT5 in the past 5 years. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of PRMT5 inhibition, with the aim of shedding light on future PRMT5 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zheng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bang Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingqi Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Yuan HF, Zhao M, Zhao LN, Yun HL, Yang G, Geng Y, Wang YF, Zheng W, Yuan Y, Song TQ, Niu JQ, Zhang XD. PRMT5 confers lipid metabolism reprogramming, tumour growth and metastasis depending on the SIRT7-mediated desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 in tumours. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2373-2385. [PMID: 35046516 PMCID: PMC9433386 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which is highly expressed in tumour tissues, plays a crucial role in cancer development. However, the mechanism by which PRMT5 promotes cancer growth is poorly understood. Here, we report that PRMT5 contributes to lipid metabolism reprogramming, tumour growth and metastasis depending on the SIRT7-mediated desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 in tumours. Mass spectrometric analysis identified PRMT5 lysine 387 as its succinylation site. Moreover, the desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 enhances the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5. SIRT7 catalyses the desuccinylation of PRMT5 in cells. The SIRT7-mediated dessuccinylation of PRMT5 lysine 387 fails to bind to STUB1, decreasing PRMT5 ubiquitination and increasing the interaction between PRMT5 and Mep50, which promotes the formation of the PRMT5-Mep50 octamer. The PRMT5-Mep50 octamer increases PRMT5 methyltransferase activity, leading to arginine methylation of SREBP1a. The symmetric dimethylation of SREBP1a increases the levels of cholesterol, fatty acid, and triglyceride biogenesis in the cells, escaping degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Functionally, the desuccinylation of PRMT5 K387 promotes lipid metabolism reprogramming, tumour growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao-Lin Yun
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Fei Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian-Qiang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Cancer, Liver Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Jun-Qi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, the First Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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5
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He M, Cao C, Ni Z, Liu Y, Song P, Hao S, He Y, Sun X, Rao Y. PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry (an update from 2020 to 2021). Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:181. [PMID: 35680848 PMCID: PMC9178337 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology is a new protein-degradation strategy that has emerged in recent years. It uses bifunctional small molecules to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. PROTACs can not only be used as potential clinical treatments for diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, viral infections, and neurodegenerative diseases, but also provide unique chemical knockdown tools for biological research in a catalytic, reversible, and rapid manner. In 2019, our group published a review article “PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry” in the journal, summarizing the representative compounds of PROTACs reported before the end of 2019. In the past 2 years, the entire field of protein degradation has experienced rapid development, including not only a large increase in the number of research papers on protein-degradation technology but also a rapid increase in the number of small-molecule degraders that have entered the clinical and will enter the clinical stage. In addition to PROTAC and molecular glue technology, other new degradation technologies are also developing rapidly. In this article, we mainly summarize and review the representative PROTACs of related targets published in 2020–2021 to present to researchers the exciting developments in the field of protein degradation. The problems that need to be solved in this field will also be briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chaoguo Cao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Ni
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peilu Song
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Hao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuna He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
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6
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Rong D, Zhou K, Fang W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Huang Y, Li J, Dong H, Li L, Ding J, Huang X, Wang Y. Structure-Aided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Targeting Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7854-7875. [PMID: 35612488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PRMT5 is a major type II protein arginine methyltransferase and plays important roles in diverse cellular processes. Overexpression of PRMT5 is implicated in various types of cancer. Many efforts have been made to develop potent and selective PRMT5 inhibitors, the most potent of which is usually derived from nucleoside structures. Here, we designed a novel series of non-nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors through the structure-aided drug design approach. SAR exploration and metabolic stability optimization led to the discovery of compound 41 as a potent PRMT5 inhibitor with good selectivity. Additionally, compound 41 exerted antiproliferative effects against A375 cells by inducing apoptosis and potently inhibited the methyltransferase activity of PRMT5 in cells. Moreover, it showed attractive pharmacokinetic properties and markedly suppressed the tumor growth in an A375 tumor xenograft model. These results clearly indicate that 41 is a highly potent and selective non-nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqin Rong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiongyu Shi
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Xun Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China.,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Promotes the Migration of AML Cells by Regulating the Expression of Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor B4. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7329072. [PMID: 34712735 PMCID: PMC8548104 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7329072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults with poor prognosis. Especially for AML-M5 type, due to the strong cell migration ability, the possibility of extramedullary invasion is large and widespread, which leads to poor therapeutic effect. Previous studies have found that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) could promote the proliferation and differentiation of leukemic cells in AML, but its regulation on the invasive ability of AML cells remains unclear. This study was designed to explore the role of PRMT5 in regulating the invasion of AML cells and to investigate the mechanisms. Patient samples were collected for detection of PRMT5 expression level. AML cells were used for exploring the function of PRMT5. The results of clinical samples showed that the expression of PRMT5 was significantly increased in newly diagnosed and recurrent AML patients, and the expression of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) was positively correlated with the level of PRMT5. In the cell experiment in vitro, we found that when PRMT5 was knocked down, the invasion, migration, and adhesion capacities of MV-4-11 cells and THP-1 cells were decreased, and the mRNA and protein levels of LILRB4 were also decreased. Moreover, we screened related signaling pathways and found that PRMT5 affected the expression of downstream LILRB4 by activating mTOR pathway, which in turn enhanced the invasive ability of AML cells. Taken together, PRMT5 plays an important role in the invasion of AML, which acts via regulating the expression of LILRB4. PRMT5 could act as a potential therapeutic candidate for AML.
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Nibona E, Niyonkuru C, Liang X, Yao Q, Zhao H. Essential Roles of PRMT5-MEP50 Complex Formation and Cancer Therapy. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Luo Y, Gao Y, Liu W, Yang Y, Jiang J, Wang Y, Tang W, Yang S, Sun L, Cai J, Guo X, Takahashi S, Krausz KW, Qu A, Chen L, Xie C, Gonzalez FJ. Myelocytomatosis-Protein Arginine N-Methyltransferase 5 Axis Defines the Tumorigenesis and Immune Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 74:1932-1951. [PMID: 33896016 PMCID: PMC9942701 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally with poor outcome and limited therapeutic options. Although the myelocytomatosis (MYC) oncogene is frequently dysregulated in HCC, it is thought to be undruggable. Thus, the current study aimed to identify the critical downstream metabolic network of MYC and develop therapies for MYC-driven HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS Liver cancer was induced in mice with hepatocyte-specific disruption of Myc and control mice by administration of diethylnitrosamine. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analyses revealed that urinary dimethylarginine, especially symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), was increased in the HCC mouse model in an MYC-dependent manner. Analyses of human samples demonstrated a similar induction of SDMA in the urines from patients with HCC. Mechanistically, Prmt5, encoding protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5, which catalyzes SDMA formation from arginine, was highly induced in HCC and identified as a direct MYC target gene. Moreover, GSK3326595, a PRMT5 inhibitor, suppressed the growth of liver tumors in human MYC-overexpressing transgenic mice that spontaneously develop HCC. Inhibition of PRMT5 exhibited antiproliferative activity through up-regulation of the tumor suppressor gene Cdkn1b/p27, encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B. In addition, GSK3326595 induced lymphocyte infiltration and major histocompatibility complex class II expression, which might contribute to the enhanced antitumor immune response. Combination of GSK3326595 with anti-programed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) improved therapeutic efficacy in HCC. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that PRMT5 is an epigenetic executer of MYC, leading to repression of the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes that promote hepatocellular carcinogenesis, highlights a mechanism-based therapeutic strategy for MYC-driven HCC by PRMT5 inhibition through synergistically suppressed proliferation and enhanced antitumor immunity, and finally provides an opportunity to mitigate the resistance of "immune-cold" tumor to ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shoumei Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China,International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Liu L, Yan H, Ruan M, Yang H, Wang L, Lei B, Sun X, Chang C, Huang G, Xie W. An AKT/PRMT5/SREBP1 axis in lung adenocarcinoma regulates de novo lipogenesis and tumor growth. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3083-3098. [PMID: 34033176 PMCID: PMC8353903 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (AKT) hyperactivation and de novo lipogenesis are both common in tumor progression. Sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is the master regulator for tumor lipid metabolism, and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an enzyme that can catalyze symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) modification of the mature form of SREBP1 (mSREBP1) to induce its hyperactivation. Here, we report that SDMA‐modified mSREBP1 (mSREBP1‐SDMA) was overexpressed and correlated with Ser473‐phosphorylated AKT (AKT‐473P) expression and poor patient outcomes in human lung adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, patients with AKT‐473P and mSREBP1‐SDMA coexpression showed the worst prognosis. Mechanistic investigation revealed that AKT activation upregulated SREBP1 at both the transcriptional and post‐translational levels, whereas PRMT5 knockdown reversed AKT signaling‐mediated mSREBP1 ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway stabilization at the post‐translational level. Meanwhile, AKT activation promoted nuclear PRMT5 to the cytoplasm without changing total PRMT5 expression, and the transported cytoplasmic PRMT5 (cPRMT5) induced by AKT activation showed a strong mSREBP1‐binding ability. Immunohistochemical assay indicated that AKT‐473P and mSREBP1‐SDMA were positively correlated with cPRMT5 in lung adenocarcinomas, and high cPRMT5 levels in tumors were associated with poor patient outcomes. Additionally, PRMT5 knockdown reversed AKT activation‐induced lipid synthesis and growth advantage of lung adenocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we defined an AKT/PRMT5/SREBP1 axis involved in de novo lipogenesis and the growth of lung cancer. Our data also support that cPRMT5 is a potential therapeutic target for hyperactive AKT‐driven lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Maomei Ruan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Lei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical and Translational Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Faheem, Karan Kumar B, Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar K, Chander S, Kunjiappan S, Murugesan S. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) as privileged scaffold for anticancer de novo drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1119-1147. [PMID: 33908322 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1916464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a dreadful disorder that is emerging as one of the leading causes of mortality across the globe. The complex tumor environment, supplemented with drawbacks of the existing drugs, has made it a global health concern. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) ring holds an important position in medicinal chemistry due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Several THIQ based natural products have been previously explored for their antitumor properties, making it a vital scaffold for anticancer drug design.Areas covered: This review article addresses the potential of THIQ as anticancer agents. Various medicinal chemistry strategies employed for the design and development of THIQ analogs as inhibitors or modulators of relevant anticancer targets have been discussed in detail. Moreover, the common strategies employed for the synthesis of the core scaffold are also highlighted.Expert opinion: Evidently, THIQs have tremendous potential in anticancer drug design. Some of these analogs exhibited potent activity against various cancer molecular targets. However, there are some drawbacks, such as selectivity that need addressing. The synthetic ease for constructing the core scaffold complimented with its reactivity makes it ideal for further structure-activity relationship studies. For these reasons, THIQ is a privileged scaffold for the design and development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
| | | | - Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani, India
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12
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Jurado M, Castaño Ó, Zorzano A. Stochastic modulation evidences a transitory EGF-Ras-ERK MAPK activity induced by PRMT5. Comput Biol Med 2021; 133:104339. [PMID: 33910125 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway involves a three-step cascade of kinases that transduce signals and promote processes such as cell growth, development, and apoptosis. An aberrant response of this pathway is related to the proliferation of cell diseases and tumors. By using simulation modeling, we document that the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) modulates the MAPK pathway and thus avoids an aberrant behavior. PRMT5 methylates the Raf kinase, reducing its catalytic activity and thereby, reducing the activation of ERK in time and amplitude. Two minimal computational models of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-Ras-ERK MAPK pathway influenced by PRMT5 were proposed: a first model in which PRMT5 is activated by EGF and a second one in which PRMT5 is stimulated by the cascade response. The reported results show that PRMT5 reduces the time duration and the expression of the activated ERK in both cases, but only in the first model PRMT5 limits the EGF range that generates an ERK activation. Based on our data, we propose the protein PRMT5 as a regulatory factor to develop strategies to fight against an excessive activity of the MAPK pathway, which could be of use in chronic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jurado
- Biotechnology Ph.D. Programme, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Bioelectronics Unit and Nanobioengineering Lab., Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Zhang Y, Rong D, Li B, Wang Y. Targeting Epigenetic Regulators with Covalent Small-Molecule Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7900-7925. [PMID: 33599482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression plays a critical role in various physiological processes, and epigenetic dysregulation is implicated in a number of diseases, prominently including cancer. Epigenetic regulators have been validated as potential therapeutic targets, and significant progress has been made in the discovery and development of epigenetic-based inhibitors. However, successful epigenetic drug discovery is still facing challenges, including moderate selectivity, limited efficacy, and acquired drug resistance. Inspired by the advantages of covalent small-molecule inhibitors, targeted covalent inhibition has attracted increasing interest in epigenetic drug discovery. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the structure-based design and characterization of covalent inhibitors targeting epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers and highlight their potential benefits in enhancing selectivity across the enzyme family and improving in vivo efficacy. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of covalent small-molecule inhibitors and hope to shed light on future epigenetic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Deqin Rong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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14
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Yang L, Ma DW, Cao YP, Li DZ, Zhou X, Feng JF, Bao J. PRMT5 functionally associates with EZH2 to promote colorectal cancer progression through epigenetically repressing CDKN2B expression. Theranostics 2021; 11:3742-3759. [PMID: 33664859 PMCID: PMC7914347 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II arginine methyltransferase that symmetrically di-methylates arginine residues on both histone and non-histone protein substrates. Accumulating evidence suggests that PRMT5 exerts its oncogenic properties in a wide spectrum of human malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms by which PRMT5 contributes to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be defined. Methods: Western blot and real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression of CDKN2B. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), immunofluorescence and GST pulldown assays were employed to investigate the interaction between PRMT5 and EZH2. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to validate CDKN2B as a direct target of PRMT5/EZH2. DNA methylation status at the CpG islands of promoter region of CDKN2B gene was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. The effect of PRMT5/EZH2 on malignant phenotypes was examined through in vitro and in vivo assays. PRMT5 and EZH2 protein expression levels in CRC tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Results: We observed that PRMT5-deficient CRC cells exhibit proliferation defects in vitro. PRMT5 was identified as a major transcriptional repressor of CDKN2B (p15INK4b) for determining CRC progression. Mechanistically, PRMT5-mediated histone marks H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s were predominantly deposited at the promoter region of CDKN2B gene in CRC cells. Knockdown of PRMT5 in CRC cells decreased the accumulation of H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s marks and reduced the CpG methylation level of CDKN2B promoter, then re-activated CDKN2B expression. Strikingly, silencing of CDKN2B partially abrogated the proliferation defects caused by PRMT5 depletion in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we proved that PRMT5 interacted with Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), leading to enhanced EZH2 binding and H3K27me3 deposition together with decreased transcriptional output of CDKN2B gene. Importantly, we found that the combined interventions exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect of combined treatment with PRMT5i (GSK591) and EZH2i (GSK126) on the growth of CRC cells/xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PRMT5 and EZH2 were found to be significantly elevated and associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Conclusion: PRMT5 functionally associates with EZH2 to promote CRC progression through epigenetically repressing CDKN2B expression. Thus, our findings raise the possibility that combinational intervention of PRMT5 and EZH2 may be a promising strategy for CRC therapy.
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15
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Eddershaw AR, Stubbs CJ, Edwardes LV, Underwood E, Hamm GR, Davey PRJ, Clarkson PN, Syson K. Characterization of the Kinetic Mechanism of Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4775-4786. [PMID: 33274632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are of great interest for the development of therapeutics due to their involvement in a number of malignancies, such as lung and colon cancer. PRMT5 catalyzes the formation of symmetrical dimethylarginine of a wide variety of substrates and is responsible for the majority of this mark within cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of PRMT5 inhibition, we co-expressed the human PRMT5:MEP50 complex (hPRMT5:MEP50) in insect cells for a detailed mechanistic study. In this report, we carry out steady state, product, and dead-end inhibitor studies that show hPRMT5:MEP50 uses a rapid equilibrium random order mechanism with EAP and EBQ dead-end complexes. We also provide evidence of ternary complex formation in solution using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Isotope exchange and intact protein mass spectrometry further rule out ping-pong as a potential enzyme mechanism, and finally, we show that PRMT5 exhibits a pre-steady state burst that corresponds to an initial slow turnover with all four active sites of the hetero-octamer being catalytically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Eddershaw
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Christopher J Stubbs
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Lucy V Edwardes
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Underwood
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory R Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul R J Davey
- Chemistry, Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul N Clarkson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Karl Syson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
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16
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Zhang BY, Chai DP, Wu YH, Qiu LP, Zhang YY, Ye ZH, Yu XP. Potential Drug Targets Against Hepatitis B Virus Based on Both Virus and Host Factors. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1636-1651. [PMID: 31362671 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190729115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is a very harmful and epidemic disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). Although an effective anti-HBV vaccine is available, chronic infection poses still a huge health burden in the whole world. The present anti-HBV drugs including nucleoside analogues and interferonalpha have their limitations without exception. There is no effective drug and therapeutic method that can really and truly cure hepatitis B so far. The variability of HBV genome results in that a significant number of patients develop drug resistance during the long-term use of anti-HBV drugs. Hence, it is urgently needed to discover novel targets and develop new drugs against hepatitis B. OBJECTIVE The review aims to provide the theory support for designing of the anti-HBV innovative drugs by offering a summary of the current situation of antiviral potential targets. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Since HBV is obligate intracellular parasite, and as such it depends on host cellular components and functions to replicate itself. The targeting both virus and host might be a novel therapeutic option for hepatitis B. Accordingly, we analyse the advances in the study of the potential drug targets for anti-HBV infection, focusing on targeting virus genome, on targeting host cellular functions and on targeting virus-host proteins interactions, respectively. Meanwhile, the immune targets against chronic hepatitis B are also emphasized. In short, the review provides a summary of antiviral therapeutic strategies to target virus factors, host factors and immune factors for future designing of the innovative drug against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dan-Ping Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yi-Hang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li-Peng Qiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yong-Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zi-Hong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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17
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Shen Y, Gao G, Yu X, Kim H, Wang L, Xie L, Schwarz M, Chen X, Guccione E, Liu J, Bedford MT, Jin J. Discovery of First-in-Class Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Degraders. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9977-9989. [PMID: 32787082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been associated with multiple cancers. Using the proteolysis targeting chimera technology, we discovered a first-in-class PRMT5 degrader 15 (MS4322). Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of compound 15 and two structurally similar controls 17 (MS4370) and 21 (MS4369), with impaired binding to the von Hippel-Lindau E3 ligase and PRMT5, respectively. Compound 15, but not 17 and 21, effectively reduced the PRMT5 protein level in MCF-7 cells. Our mechanism studies indicate that compound 15 degraded PRMT5 in an E3 ligase- and proteasome-dependent manner. Compound 15 also effectively reduced the PRMT5 protein level and inhibited growth in multiple cancer cell lines. Moreover, compound 15 was highly selective for PRMT5 in a global proteomic study and exhibited good plasma exposure in mice. Collectively, compound 15 and its two controls 17 and 21 are valuable chemical tools for exploring the PRMT5 functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Guozhen Gao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, United States
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Huensuk Kim
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Megan Schwarz
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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18
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Ghosh K, Chatterjee B, Behera P, Kanade SR. The carcinogen cadmium elevates CpG-demethylation and enrichment of NFYA and E2F1 in the promoter of oncogenic PRMT5 and EZH2 methyltransferases resulting in their elevated expression in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125186. [PMID: 31675590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is considered as a carcinogenic chemical with potential to endanger normal cellular functioning. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of Cd on the expression of two oncogenic epigenetic regulators, viz., protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) member enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Our results indicate that Cd at 1 μM concentration increases the viability of HepG2 and MCF7 cells and significantly upregulates the expression of PRMT5 and EZH2, leading to an increased global level of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), H4R3me2s, and H3K27me3. The luciferase reporter assay showed that the promoter activity of PRMT5 and EZH2 is significantly enhanced in both cell lines. Furthermore, Cd exposure induces global DNA hypomethylation due to a decrease in DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) expression. Methylation-specific and bisulfite sequencing PCR reveal that the proximal promoters of PRMT5 and EZH2, which harbour CpG islands, are almost demethylated when exposed to Cd. The Cd exposure also increases the protein level of transcription factors NFYA and E2F1; consistently, the two transcription factors are found to be enriched at the PRMT5 and EZH2 promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. The alterations induced by Cd in the two cancer cell lines were also observed in a non-cancerous cell line (HEK-293). In conclusion, we propose that Cd increases the expression of two oncogenic methyltransferases, possibly with a DNA methylation-dependent mechanism. Further studies focused on the epigenetic alterations induced by Cd would provide mechanistic insights on the carcinogenicity of this metal toxicant at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India; Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswar Behera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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19
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Owens JL, Beketova E, Liu S, Tinsley SL, Asberry AM, Deng X, Huang J, Li C, Wan J, Hu CD. PRMT5 Cooperates with pICln to Function as a Master Epigenetic Activator of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Genes. iScience 2019; 23:100750. [PMID: 31884170 PMCID: PMC6941881 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is critical for cell survival and genome integrity. Upon recognition of DSBs, repair proteins are transiently upregulated to facilitate repair through homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). We present evidence that PRMT5 cooperates with pICln to function as a master epigenetic activator of DNA damage response (DDR) genes involved in HR, NHEJ, and G2 arrest (including RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2) to upregulate gene expression upon DNA damage. Contrary to the predominant role of PRMT5 as an epigenetic repressor, our results demonstrate that PRMT5 and pICln can activate gene expression, potentially independent of PRMT5's obligate cofactor MEP50. Targeting PRMT5 or pICln hinders repair of DSBs in multiple cancer cell lines, and both PRMT5 and pICln expression positively correlates with DDR genes across 32 clinical cancer datasets. Thus, targeting PRMT5 or pICln may be explored in combination with radiation or chemotherapy for cancer treatment. PRMT5 activates transcription of DSB repair genes upon DNA damage pICln cooperates with PRMT5 to activate transcription of DSB repair genes Targeting PRMT5 is effective to sensitize multiple cancer types to radiation PRMT5 expression positively correlates with DSB repair genes in cancer tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake L Owens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elena Beketova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Samantha L Tinsley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew M Asberry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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20
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Strobl CD, Schaffer S, Haug T, Völkl S, Peter K, Singer K, Böttcher M, Mougiakakos D, Mackensen A, Aigner M. Selective PRMT5 Inhibitors Suppress Human CD8+ T Cells by Upregulation of p53 and Impairment of the AKT Pathway Similar to the Tumor Metabolite MTA. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:409-419. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Desterro J, Bak-Gordon P, Carmo-Fonseca M. Targeting mRNA processing as an anticancer strategy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:112-129. [PMID: 31554928 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries in the past decade have highlighted the potential of mRNA as a therapeutic target for cancer. Specifically, RNA sequencing revealed that, in addition to gene mutations, alterations in mRNA can contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. Indeed, precursor mRNA processing, which includes the removal of introns by splicing and the formation of 3' ends by cleavage and polyadenylation, is frequently altered in tumours. These alterations result in numerous cancer-specific mRNAs that generate altered levels of normal proteins or proteins with new functions, leading to the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes. Abnormally spliced and polyadenylated mRNAs are also associated with resistance to cancer treatment and, unexpectedly, certain cancers are highly sensitive to the pharmacological inhibition of splicing. This Review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of how splicing and polyadenylation are altered in cancer and highlights how this knowledge has been translated for drug discovery, resulting in the production of small molecules and oligonucleotides that modulate the spliceosome and are in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Desterro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Serviço de Hematologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bak-Gordon
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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22
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Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Kanade SR. Resveratrol modulates epigenetic regulators of promoter histone methylation and acetylation that restores BRCA1, p53, p21 CIP1 in human breast cancer cell lines. Biofactors 2019; 45:818-829. [PMID: 31317586 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic enzymes catalyze posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones, which functionally determine gene expression at the chromatin level. Resveratrol (RVT) a much studied anti-cancer natural molecule is known for restoration of BRCA1, p53, and p21 in cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the role of histone methylation and acetylation on upregulation of these tumor suppressor genes. Our results suggest RVT significantly increase expression of BRCA1, p53, and p21, while decreased expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) at a 20 μM concentration by 48 hr in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Also, there was an overall loss of H4R3me2s (catalytic product of PRMT5) and H3K27me3 (catalytic product of PRMT5). In contrast, RVT exposure caused a significant decrease in lysine deacetylase (KDAC) activity and expression of KDAC1-3, whereas the expression of lysine acetyltransferase KAT2A/3B was increased compared to the unexposed cells. As an outcome, RVT increased global level of H3K9ac and H3K27ac marks. The chromatin immunoprecipitation showed 20 μM RVT exposure significantly reduced the enrichment of repressive histone marks (H4R3me2s and H3K27me3) while the abundance of activating histone marks (H3K9/27ac) within the proximal promoter region of BRCA1, p53, and p21 was increased. We hypothesize RVT by affecting the expression and function of methylation and acetylation enzymes altered the epigenetic modifications on promoter histones that restored expression of these critically important tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, India
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, India
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Central University P.O., Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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23
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Lin H, Wang M, Zhang YW, Tong S, Leal RA, Shetty R, Vaddi K, Luengo JI. Discovery of Potent and Selective Covalent Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1033-1038. [PMID: 31312404 PMCID: PMC6627734 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is known to symmetrically dimethylate numerous cytosolic and nuclear proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent findings have revealed its potential as a cancer therapeutic target. PRMT5 possesses a cysteine (C449) in the active site, unique to PRMT5. Therefore, covalent PRMT5 inhibition is an attractive chemical approach. Herein, we report an exciting discovery of a series of novel hemiaminals that under physiological conditions can be converted to aldehydes and react with C449 to form covalent adducts, which presumably undergo an unprecedented elimination to form the thiol-vinyl ethers, as indicated by electron density in the co-crystal structure of the PRMT5/MEP50 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Min Wang
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yang W. Zhang
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Shuilong Tong
- VIVA Biotech Ltd., 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Raul A. Leal
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Rupa Shetty
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kris Vaddi
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Juan I. Luengo
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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24
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Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Suresh L, Kanade SR. Curcumin ameliorates PRMT5-MEP50 arginine methyltransferase expression by decreasing the Sp1 and NF-YA transcription factors in the A549 and MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 455:73-90. [PMID: 30392062 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and its catalytic partner methylosome protein MEP50 (WDR77) catalyse the mono- and symmetric di-methylation of selective arginines in various histones and non-histone target proteins. It has emerged as a crucial epigenetic regulator in cell proliferation and differentiation; which also reported to be overexpressed in many forms of cancers in humans. In this study, we aimed to assess the modulations in the expression of this enzyme upon exposure to the well-studied natural compound from the spice turmeric, curcumin. We exposed the lung and breast cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) to curcumin (2 and 20 μM) and observed a highly significant inhibitory effect on the expression of both PRMT5 and MEP50. The level of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) in multiple proteins, and more specifically, the H4R3me2s mark (which predominates in GC-rich motifs in nucleosomal DNA) was also diminished significantly. We also found that curcumin significantly reduced the level and enrichment of the transcription factors Sp1 and NF-YA which shares their binding sites within the GC-rich region of the PRMT5 proximal promoter. Furthermore, the involvement of both PKC-p38-ERK-cFos and AKT-mTOR signalling was observed in reducing the Sp1 and NF-YA expression by curcumin. Therefore, we propose curcumin decreased the expression of PRMT5 in these cells by affecting at least these two transcription factors. Altogether, we report a new molecular target of curcumin and further elucidation of this proposed mechanism through which curcumin affects the PRMT5-MEP50 methyltransferase expression might be explored for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Lavanya Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Telangana, 500046, India.
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25
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Qin Y, Hu Q, Xu J, Ji S, Dai W, Liu W, Xu W, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Ni Q, Zhang B, Yu X, Xu X. PRMT5 enhances tumorigenicity and glycolysis in pancreatic cancer via the FBW7/cMyc axis. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:30. [PMID: 30922330 PMCID: PMC6440122 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic factor protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been reported to play vital roles in a wide range of cellular processes, such as gene transcription, genomic organization, differentiation and cell cycle control. However, its role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the roles of PRMT5 in pancreatic cancer prognosis and progression and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and analysis of a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were performed to study the expression of PRMT5 at the mRNA and protein levels in pancreatic cancer. Cell proliferation assays, including cell viability, colony formation ability and subcutaneous mouse model assays, were utilized to confirm the role of PRMT5 in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. A Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, a glucose uptake kit, a lactate level measurement kit and the measurement of 18F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake by PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) imaging were used to verify the role of PRMT5 in aerobic glycolysis, which sustains cell proliferation. The regulatory effect of PRMT5 on cMyc, a master regulator of oncogenesis and aerobic glycolysis, was explored by quantitative PCR and protein stability measurements. RESULTS PRMT5 expression was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. Clinically, elevated expression of PRMT5 was positively correlated with worse overall survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Silencing PRMT5 expression inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PRMT5 regulated aerobic glycolysis in vitro in cell lines, in vivo in pancreatic cancer patients and in a xenograft mouse model used to measure 18F-FDG uptake. We found that mechanistically, PRMT5 posttranslationally regulated cMyc stability via F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBW7), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cMyc degradation. Moreover, PRMT5 epigenetically regulated the expression of FBW7 in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that PRMT5 epigenetically silenced the expression of the tumor suppressor FBW7, leading to increased cMyc levels and the subsequent enhancement of the proliferation of and aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. The PRMT5/FBW7/cMyc axis could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiqing Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Lin H, Luengo JI. Nucleoside protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1264-1269. [PMID: 30956011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is known to symmetrically dimethylate numerous cytosolic and nuclear proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent findings have revealed its potential as a cancer therapeutic target. PRMT5 selective inhibitors, GSK3326595, a substrate competitive inhibitor, and JNJ64619178, a SAM (S-adenosyl-l-methionine) mimetic/competitive inhibitor, have entered clinic trials for multiple cancer types. This review focuses on the recent developments in SAM mimetic nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors, their SAR and structural insight based on published co-crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Juan I Luengo
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
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27
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Shao J, Zhu K, Du D, Zhang Y, Tao H, Chen Z, Jiang H, Chen K, Luo C, Duan W. Discovery of 2-substituted-N-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carboxamide as potent and selective protein arginine methyltransferases 5 inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:317-333. [PMID: 30605830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases 5 (PRMT5) represents an attractive drug target in epigenetic field for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Here, a series of N-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)amide derivatives targeting PRMT5 were designed with structure-based approach and synthesized. Among them, compound 46 showed potent and selective PRMT5 inhibition activity with an IC50 of 8.5 nM, which was approximately equivalent with the phase I clinical trial PRMT5 inhibitor GSK-3326595 (IC50 = 5.5 nM). Compound 46 also displayed pronounced anti-proliferative activity in MV4-11 cells (GI50 = 18 nM) and antitumor activity in MV4-11 mouse xenografts model. This molecule can serve as an excellent tool compound for probing the biological function of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Daohai Du
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongrui Tao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Open Studio for Drugability Research of Marine Natural Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, Shangdong, 266237, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Open Studio for Drugability Research of Marine Natural Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, Shangdong, 266237, China.
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201203, China.
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28
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Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. Mechanisms and Inhibitors of Histone Arginine Methylation. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1792-1807. [PMID: 30230223 PMCID: PMC6348102 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation plays an important regulatory role in chromatin restructuring and RNA transcription. Arginine methylation that is enzymatically catalyzed by the family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) can either activate or repress gene expression depending on cellular contexts. Given the strong correlation of PRMTs with pathophysiology, great interest is seen in understanding molecular mechanisms of PRMTs in diseases and in developing potent PRMT inhibitors. Herein, we reviewed key research advances in the study of biochemical mechanisms of PRMT catalysis and their relevance to cell biology. We highlighted how a random binary, ordered ternary kinetic model for PRMT1 catalysis reconciles the literature reports and endorses a distributive mechanism that the enzyme active site utilizes for multiple turnovers of arginine methylation. We discussed the impacts of histone arginine methylation and its biochemical interplays with other key epigenetic marks. Challenges in developing small-molecule PRMT inhibitors were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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29
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Nie M, Wang Y, Guo C, Li X, Wang Y, Deng Y, Yao B, Gui T, Ma C, Liu M, Wang P, Wang R, Tan R, Fang M, Chen B, He Y, Huang DCS, Ju J, Zhao Q. CARM1-mediated methylation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 represses human γ-globin gene expression in erythroleukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17454-17463. [PMID: 30257864 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a member of the arginine methyltransferase protein family that critically mediates the symmetric dimethylation of Arg-3 at histone H4 (H4R3me2s) and is involved in many key cellular processes, including hematopoiesis. However, the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PRMT5 that may affect its biological functions remain less well-understood. In this study, using MS analyses, we found that PRMT5 itself is methylated in human erythroleukemia Lys-562 cells. Biochemical assays revealed that coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) interacts directly with and methylates PRMT5 at Arg-505 both in vivo and in vitro. Substitutions at Arg-505 significantly reduced PRMT5's methyltransferase activity, decreased H4R3me2s enrichment at the γ-globin gene promoter, and increased the expression of the γ-globin gene in Lys-562 cells. Moreover, CARM1 knockdown consistently reduced PRMT5 activity and activated γ-globin gene expression. Importantly, we show that CARM1-mediated methylation of PRMT5 is essential for the intracellular homodimerization of PRMT5 to its active form. These results thus reveal a critical PTM of PRMT5 that represses human γ-globin gene expression. We conclude that CARM1-mediated asymmetric methylation of PRMT5 is critical for its dimerization and methyltransferase activity leading to the repression of γ-globin expression. Given PRMT5's crucial role in diverse cellular processes, these findings may inform strategies for manipulating its methyltransferase activity for managing hemoglobinopathy or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chan Guo
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yexuan Deng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Yao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Gui
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chi Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Panxue Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoyun Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bing Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yinghong He
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Yunnan 671003 China, and
| | - David C S Huang
- Department of Medical Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - Junyi Ju
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,
| | - Quan Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Center for Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China,
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30
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Wang Y, Hu W, Yuan Y. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as an Anticancer Target and Its Inhibitor Discovery. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9429-9441. [PMID: 29870258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PRMT5 is a major enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on both histone and non-histone proteins, regulating many biological pathways in mammalian cells. PRMT5 has been suggested as a therapeutic target in a variety of diseases including infectious disease, heart disease, and cancer. Many PRMT5 inhibitors have been discovered in the past 5 years, and one entered clinical trial in 2015 for the treatment of solid tumor and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the roles of PRMT5 in cancer and the discovery of PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors. By reviewing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of known inhibitors of PRMT5, we hope to provide guidance for future drug designs and inhibitor optimization. Opportunities and limitations of PRMT5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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31
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Zhu L, Zhang S, Huan X, Mei Y, Yang H. Down-regulation of TRAF4 targeting RSK4 inhibits proliferation, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer xenografts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:810-816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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