The lipid peroxidation in patients with nephrolithiasis before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Idiopathic Osteoporosis and Nephrolithiasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Idiopathic osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis are formidable health problems showing a progressive increase in their incidence and prevalence in the last decades. These temporal trends were observed in both pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that both disorders show several common pathogenic environmental and genetic factors. In this review, we analyzed the clinical characteristics common to the two disorders and the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the genetic predisposition and the environmental factors recognized as triggers in adult and pediatric ages. As a result of this work, we propose to consider idiopathic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis as two possible expressions of a unique clinical syndrome. Accordingly, the clinical approach to both disorders should be modified in order to program an efficient primary and secondary prevention strategy.

Oxidative Stress and Hemostatic Parameters in Patients With Nephrolithiasis Before and After Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy

Purpose

In patients with nephrolithiasis, oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation is observed. Moreover, various invasive methods [including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)] for treatment of nephrolithiasis may induce not only the oxidative stress, but they may modulate hemostasis. The study was aimed to evaluate the oxidative damages of lipids and proteins in patients with nephrolithiasis (before and after ureteroscopic lithotripsy – URSL). The aim of the present study was also determine selected parameters of hemostasis in these patients.

Methods

56 patients with nephrolithiasis and 49 healthy participants were included: 30 men and 26 women (for patient group); 27 men and 22 women (for healthy group). We measured the level of selected typical two biomarkers of oxidative modification of lipids [such as the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and isoprostane concentration (8-isoPGF_2α)] and two biomarkers of oxidative damages of proteins (carbonylation and the level of thiol groups) in patients with nephrolithiasis (before and after URSL). The following parameters of hemostasis were measured: blood platelet count, the level of fibrinogen and D-dimer, and coagulation times (the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT) of plasma).

Results

Different levels of plasma lipid peroxidation were observed in patients with nephrolithiasis before URSL and after URSL. However, no such difference in the level of oxidative damage to plasma proteins was observed. In addition, the tested hemostasis parameters were not influenced by the presence of nephrolithiasis, nor by treatment with URSL.

Conclusion

We suggest URSL does not induce the oxidative modifications of plasma proteins and does not change hemostatic parameters in patients with nephrolithiasis.