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Liu Y, Long Y, Fang J, Liu G. Advances in the Anti-Atherosclerotic Mechanisms of Epigallocatechin Gallate. Nutrients 2024; 16:2074. [PMID: 38999821 PMCID: PMC11243004 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common clinical sickness and the major pathological basis of ischemic cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs). The pathogenesis of AS involves a variety of risk factors, and there is a lack of effective preventive and curative drugs that can completely treat AS. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and changes in dietary habits, the morbidity and mortality rates of AS are on the rise, and the age of onset tends to be younger. The formation of AS is closely related to a variety of factors, and the main factors include lipid metabolism disorders, endothelial damage, inflammation, unstable plaques, etc. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), as one of the main components of catechins, has a variety of pharmacological effects, and its role in the prevention of AS and the protection of cardiovascular and cerebral blood vessels has been highly valued. Recent epidemiological investigations and various in vivo and ex vivo experiments have shown that EGCG is capable of resisting atherosclerosis and reducing the morbidity and mortality of AS. In this paper, we reviewed the anti-AS effects of EGCG and its mechanisms in recent years, including the regulation of lipid metabolism, regulation of intestinal flora disorders, improvement of vascular endothelial cell functions, inhibition of inflammatory factors expression, regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and inhibition of platelet aggregation, which are helpful for the prevention of cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiling Long
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Ablat N, Ablimit M, Abudoukadier A, Kadeer B, Maihemuti A, Bakewaiyi A, Tuerxun A, Aihemaiti A. Liver protection and hemostatic effects of medicinal plant Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst extract in a rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115739. [PMID: 36126784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst. (AE) is a Chinese medicinal herb that is traditionally used to treat various circulatory diseases. It exhibits certain effects, such as the promotion of blood circulation and cooling, rash clearance, and detoxification. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to explore the hepatoprotective and hemostatic effects of the ethyl acetate extract of AE in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were treated via oral gavage with different doses of the ethyl acetate extract of AE (3.5, 7, or 14 g kg-1·day-1) for 14 consecutive days, following which hemostatic and liver function tests were conducted. For the hemostatic tests, the platelet count, blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, platelet factor 4 (PF-4) secretion from blood platelets, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen levels were measured at the end of the treatment period. For the liver function tests, 0.25 mL/200 g (1.25 mL kg-1·day-1) of olive oil was injected into the abdominal cavity of the control rats, whereas 15% CCl4 plus olive oil (prescription: 7.5 mL CCl4 + 42.5 olive oil) was injected into that of the treated rats at 1 h after extract administration on day 6, 13, and 20. Additionally, food and water were withheld from all the animals. On the following day, the rats were anesthetized and their albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels among the groups were determined using a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The platelet count and blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen and PF-4 secretion levels were significantly increased in the (3.5 g kg-1 day-1) AE group as compared to those in the control group (all p < 0.001; for the 7 and 14 g kg-1 day-1 AE groups, all p > 0.05, respectively). Although the PT and aPTT were not affected by the AE extract (all p > 0.05), the TT was reduced and the FIB levels were significantly increased in all AE groups (p < 0.05). Liver function tests showed that CCl4 caused significant liver damage, thereby decreasing the albumin, SOD, CAT, GSH, GST, GR, and GPx levels, while increasing the AST, ALT, ALP, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, LDH, ROS, and MDA levels (all p < 0.001). By contrast, treatment with the different doses of AE extract reversed the CCl4 effects on all these parameters. Compared with the levels in the CCl4 group, the GSH and GR levels in the three AE groups (3.5, 7, and 14 g kg-1·day-1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the differences in the other parameters for these three groups were all at the significance levels of p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AE extracts administered orally exhibited hepatoprotective activity by affecting platelet production and blood coagulation and ameliorating liver function-damaging modifications. Specifically, a dosage of 3.5 g kg-1·day-1 resulted in the most optimal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuramatjan Ablat
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Mihray Ablimit
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Shache County Dunbag Township Health Center, 844700, China.
| | - Abudoureheman Abudoukadier
- Department of Cardiology, Urumqi City Friendship Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830049, China.
| | - Buhaiqiemu Kadeer
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Abulaitijiang Maihemuti
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Alibati Bakewaiyi
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Atike Tuerxun
- Department of Pharmacy, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Hetian Region, Hetian, 848000, China.
| | - Adilijiang Aihemaiti
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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Wen M, Chen Q, Chen W, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu A, Lai J, Chen J, Mei Q, Yang S, Lan C, Wu J, Huang F, Wang L. A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965390. [PMID: 36160419 PMCID: PMC9500525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia (family: Rubiaceae) L (R. cordifolia) is a perennial botanical drug climbing vine. As the main part of the traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome has a long history. A great number of literary studies have reported that it can be used for the improvement of blood circulation, hemostasis, activation of collaterals, etc. When it comes to the wide application of R. cordifolia in traditional medicine, we systematically review its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Literatures were systematically searched using several scientific databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and other professional websites. Kew Botanical Garden and the iPlant were used for obtaining the scientific names and plant images of R. cordifolia. In addition, other information was also gathered from books including traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and Chinese Materia Medica. So far, many prescriptions containing R. cordifolia have been widely used in the clinical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, primary dysmenorrhea and other gynecological diseases, allergic purpura, renal hemorrhage and other diseases. The phytochemistry studies have reported that more than 100 compounds are found in R. cordifolia, such as bicyclic peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, trace elements, flavonoids, and quinones. Among them, quinones and peptides are the types of components with the highest contents in R. cordifolia. The modern pharmacological studies have revealed that R. cordifolia and its derived components have anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, most studies are preclinical. The pharmacological mechanism of R. cordifolia has not been thoroughly studied. In addition, there are few pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies of R. cordifolia, therefore the clinical safety data for R. cordifolia is lacking. To sum up, this review for the first time summarizes a systemic and integrated traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological actions and clinical applications of R. cordifolia, which provides the novel and full-scale insight for the drug development, medicinal value, and application of R. cordifolia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
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Yue M, Hu M, Fu F, Ruan H, Wu C. Emerging Roles of Platelets in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846055. [PMID: 35432313 PMCID: PMC9010873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, driven by Th2 immune responses and characterized by eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, excessive mucus production, and airway remodeling. Overwhelming evidence from studies in animal models and allergic asthmatic patients suggests that platelets are aberrantly activated and recruited to the lungs. It has been established that platelets can interact with other immune cells and secrete various biochemical mediators to promote allergic sensitization and airway inflammatory response, and platelet deficiency may alleviate the pathological features and symptoms of allergic asthma. However, the comprehensive roles of platelets in allergic asthma have not been fully clarified, leaving attempts to treat allergic asthma with antiplatelet agents questionable. In this review, we summarize the role of platelet activation and pulmonary accumulation in allergic asthma; emphasis is placed on the different interactions between platelets with crucial immune cell types and the contribution of platelet-derived mediators in this context. Furthermore, clinical antiplatelet approaches to treat allergic asthma are discussed. This review provides a clearer understanding of the roles of platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and could be informative in the development of novel strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfeng Ruan,
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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García-Villaseñor E, Bojalil-Álvarez L, Murrieta-Álvarez I, Cantero-Fortiz Y, Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. Primary Thrombophilia XVI: A Look at the Genotype of the Sticky Platelet Syndrome Phenotype. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211044212. [PMID: 34617458 PMCID: PMC8674482 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211044212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The sticky platelet syndrome (SPS) was described by Mammen in 1983. Since then,
scientists in several countries have identified the condition and published
cases or series of patients, thus enabling the description of the prevalence of
the inherited condition, its salient clinical features, and the treatment of the
disease. The diagnosis of the SPS phenotype requires fresh blood samples and
special equipment which is not available in all coagulation laboratories. In the
era of molecular biology, up to now it has not been possible to define a clear
association of the SPS phenotype with a specific molecular marker. Some
molecular changes which have been described in platelet proteins in some persons
with the phenotype of the SPS are here discussed. Nowadays, the SPS phenotype
may be considered as a risk factor for thrombosis and most cases of the SPS
developing vaso-occlussive episodes are the result of its coexistence with other
thrombosis-prone conditions, some of the inherited and some of them acquired,
thus leading to the concept of multifactorial thrombophilia. Ignoring all these
evidence-based concepts is inappropriate, same as stating that the SPS is a
nonentity simply because not all laboratories are endowed with adequate
equipment to support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth García-Villaseñor
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna de Puebla, Puebla, México.,3972Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Lorena Bojalil-Álvarez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna de Puebla, Puebla, México.,27861Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Iván Murrieta-Álvarez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna de Puebla, Puebla, México.,27861Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Yahveth Cantero-Fortiz
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna de Puebla, Puebla, México.,27806Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Guillermo J Ruiz-Delgado
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna de Puebla, Puebla, México.,27861Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, México.,56079Laboratorios Clínicos de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Guillermo J Ruiz-Argüelles
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna de Puebla, Puebla, México.,27861Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, México.,56079Laboratorios Clínicos de Puebla, Puebla, México
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