Nascent pharmacological advancement in adamantane derivatives

The adamantane moiety has attracted significant attention since its discovery in 1933 due to its remarkable structural, chemical, and medicinal properties. This molecule has a notable impact in the therapeutic field because of its "add-on" lipophilicity to any pharmacophoric moieties. As in the case of molecular hybridization, in which one pharmacophore is attached to another one(s) with a probability of increasing the biological activity, adding an adamantane unit improves the absorption distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of the resultant hybrid molecule. This review summarizes various reports highlighting the biological activities of adamantane-based synthetic compounds and their structure-activity relationship study. The information presented in this review may open up possible dimensions for adamantane-based drug development and discovery in the pharmaceutical industry after proper structural modifications.

Synthesis and evaluation of novel 2,4-disubstituted arylthiazoles against T. brucei

2-{2-[3-(1-Adamantyl)-4-fluorophenyl]thiazol-4-yl}ethan-1-amine (1a) and 2-{2-[4-(1-adamantyl)phenyl]thiazol-4-yl}ethan-1-amine (2a) exhibit activity against T. brucei in the range of IC₅₀ = 0.42 μM and IC₅₀ = 0.80 μM, respectively.

The design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of the 4-substituted-2-[3-(adamant-1-yl)-4-fluorophenyl]thiazoles 1a–j, the 4-substituted-2-[4-(adamant-1-yl)phenyl]thiazoles 2a–h, the 2-substituted-4-[4-(adamant-1-yl)phenyl]thiazoles 3a–e, the N-substituted 2-phenylthiazol-4-ethylamides 4a, b and the N-substituted 4-phenylthiazol-2-ethylamides 4c, d is described. Compounds 1a and 2a exhibit trypanocidal activity in the range of IC₅₀ = 0.42 μM and IC₅₀ = 0.80 μM, respectively. Both of these derivatives bear a lipophilic end, which consists of a 4-(1-adamantyl) phenyl or a 3-(1-adamantyl)phenyl moiety, a 1,3-thiazole ring and a functional end, which comprises of an alkylamine and can be considered as promising candidates for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei infections.