1
|
Rajan R, Karthikeyan S, Desikan R. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, In Silico and In Vitro Studies of New Class of Methylenedioxyphenyl-Based Amide Derivatives as Potential Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Protection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7850-7868. [PMID: 38405500 PMCID: PMC10882620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Novel methylenedioxyphenyl-based amides, especially N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-nitrobenzo-[1,3]-dioxole-5-carboxamide (MDC) and N-(3-acetylphenyl)-6-nitrobenzo-[1,3]-dioxole-5-carboxamide (ADC), potential cardiovascular preventive agents, are successfully synthesized, and their chemical structures are verified by 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analyses. Data obtained from SC-XRD reveal that MDC and ADC are both monoclinic molecules with Z = 2 and 4, respectively. From density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 3.54 and 3.96 eV are the energy gaps of the optimized MDC and ADC structures, respectively. MDC and ADC exhibit an electrophilicity index value of more than 1.5 eV, suggesting that they can act as an electrophile, facilitating bond formation with biomolecules. Hirshfeld surface analysis demonstrates that more than 25% of atomic interactions in both MDC and ADC are from H···H interactions. Based on pharmacokinetic predictions, MDC and ADC exhibit drug-like properties, and molecular docking simulations revealed favorable interactions with active site pockets. Both MDC and ADC achieved higher docking scores of -7.74 and -7.79 kcal/mol, respectively, with myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein. From docking results, MPO was found to be most favorable followed by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and α-glucosidase (α-GD). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and in vitro enzymatic studies of MDC and ADC indicate that MDC is more selective toward MPO and more potent than ADC. The application of MDC to inhibit myeloperoxidase could be ascertained to reduce the cardiovascular risk factor. This can be supported from the results of computational docking (based on hydrogen bonding and docking score), in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and MPO enzymatic inhibition (based on the percentage of inhibition and IC50 values).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sambantham Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Desikan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han B, Tang D, Lv X, Fan J, Li S, Zhu H, Zhang J, Xu S, Xu X, Huang Z, Huang Z, Lin G, Zhan L, Lv X. Integrated multi-omics reveal gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism alteration regulating immunotherapy responses to anti-α4β7-integrin in Crohn's disease. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2310894. [PMID: 38312103 PMCID: PMC10854365 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and related metabolites are both crucial factors that significantly influence how individuals with Crohn's disease respond to immunotherapy. However, little is known about the interplay among gut microbiota, metabolites, Crohn's disease, and the response to anti-α4β7-integrin in current studies. Our research utilized 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid to induce colitis based on the humanized immune system mouse model and employed a combination of whole-genome shotgun metagenomics and non-targeted metabolomics to investigate immunotherapy responses. Additionally, clinical cases with Crohn's disease initiating anti-α4β7-integrin therapy were evaluated comprehensively. Particularly, 16S-rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing and targeted bile acid metabolomics were conducted at weeks 0, 14, and 54. We found that anti-α4β7-integrin therapy has shown significant potential for mitigating disease phenotypes in remission-achieving colitis mice. Microbial profiles demonstrated that not only microbial composition but also microbially encoded metabolic pathways could predict immunotherapy responses. Metabonomic signatures revealed that bile acid metabolism alteration, especially elevated secondary bile acids, was a determinant of immunotherapy responses. Especially, the remission mice significantly enriched the proportion of the beneficial Lactobacillus and Clostridium genera, which were correlated with increased gastrointestinal levels of BAs involving lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Moreover, most of the omics features observed in colitis mice were replicated in clinical cases. Notably, anti-α4β7 integrin provided sustained therapeutic benefits in clinical remitters during follow-up, and long-lasting remission was linked to persistent changes in the microbial-related bile acids. In conclusion, gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism alteration could play a crucial role in regulating immunotherapy responses to anti-α4β7-integrin in Crohn's disease. Therefore, the identification of prognostic microbial signals facilitates the advancement of targeted probiotics that activate anti-inflammatory bile acid metabolic pathways, thereby improving immunotherapy responses. The integrated multi-omics established in our research provide valuable insights into potential mechanisms that impact treatment responses in complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Daiyuan Tang
- Postgraduate College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaodan Lv
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junhua Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiquan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiatong Zhang
- Postgraduate College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shang Xu
- Postgraduate College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziqian Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangfu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoping Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Araujo JRDS, de Barros Arcoverde JV, de Farias Silva MG, Barros de Santana ER, da Silva PA, de Sousa S, Araujo, Santos N, de Almeida PM, de Andrade Lima CS, Benko-Iseppon AM, Aracati Padilha RJS, Alves M, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:104-112. [PMID: 34906022 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amburana cearensis leaves have been used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases and inflammations. This study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of A. cearensis leaves by antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic analyses of ethanolic crude extract (EE) and its fractions in healthy human cells. The EE was obtained by percolation, followed by fractionation using dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) as organic solvents. Extract and all fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay for the extract, EtOAc and MeOH fractions. In turn, the genotoxic activity was determined in human lymphocytes by the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay only for the EtOAc fraction. Only EtOAc fraction was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry due to its higher biological activity. Considering the antioxidant potential, the EtOAc fraction was most effective in DPPH (EC50 43.37 µg/mL) and reducing power (EC50 89.80 µg/mL) assays. GC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction led to the identification of guaiacol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, isovanillic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol. The EE (400-1000 µg/mL), EtOAc (≤150 µg/mL) and MeOH (50 and 150-600 µg/mL) fractions were not cytotoxic by MTT test. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction (100-400 µg/mL) did not induce significant genotoxic damage. Concentrations of the EtOAc fraction with antioxidant activity showed no cytotoxicity, nor genotoxicity potential, indicating them as a nontoxic natural antioxidant source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Araujo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Neide Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marccus Alves
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lockhart JS, Sumagin R. Non-Canonical Functions of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Regulation, Tissue Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012250. [PMID: 36293108 PMCID: PMC9603794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the most abundantly expressed proteins in neutrophils. It serves as a critical component of the antimicrobial defense system, facilitating microbial killing via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that in addition to the well-recognized canonical antimicrobial function of MPO, it can directly or indirectly impact immune cells and tissue responses in homeostatic and disease states. Here, we highlight the emerging non-canonical functions of MPO, including its impact on neutrophil longevity, activation and trafficking in inflammation, its interactions with other immune cells, and how these interactions shape disease outcomes. We further discuss MPO interactions with barrier forming endothelial and epithelial cells, specialized cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and its involvement in cancer progression. Such diverse function and the MPO association with numerous inflammatory disorders make it an attractive target for therapies aimed at resolving inflammation and limiting inflammation-associated tissue damage. However, while considering MPO inhibition as a potential therapy, one must account for the diverse impact of MPO activity on various cellular compartments both in health and disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jayaraj P, Sarkar P, Routh S, Sarathe C, Rajagopal D, Thirumurugan K. A promising discovery of anti-aging chemical conjugate derived from lipoic acid and sesamol established in Drosophila melanogaster. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytonutrients, lipoic acid and sesamol, were chemically combined to yield medically important lipoic acid-sesamol conjugate (LSC). NMR and LC-MS/MS techniques were used to determine the chemical structure of LSC. The...
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu LH, Liu JY, Yin JB. Eriodictyol attenuates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis through repressing TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway in rats. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:812-818. [PMID: 34042266 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by mucosal and submucosal inflammation, which has a low cure rate and is prone to relapse, due to the immune imbalance of the body. Inhibition of inflammation-related pathways can delay the progression of UC. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway is considered to be one of the important signaling pathways involved in colon inflammation. Eriodictyol (EDT) is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in foodborne plants. EDT plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and related signaling pathways. However, whether EDT plays a role in UC remains unknown. Herein, we established a TNBS induced animal model of enteritis in Wistar rats. Our data confirmed the establishment of TNBS induced animal model of enteritis and the administration Eriodictyol in Wistar rats. EDT treatment alleviated TNBS-induced intestinal tissue injury in rats. We further found that EDT reduced MPO expression and regulated the cytokine parameters in TNBS-induced intestinal tissues of rats. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, and IL-12 were also affected by the treatment of EDT. EDT also affected SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA level in rats with colitis. Moreover, EDT regulated TNBS-induced TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation, therefore inhibiting the progression of UC. Our results suggest that EDT could be a potential therapeutic agent for UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Bin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jayaraj P, Narasimhulu CA, Rajagopalan S, Parthasarathy S, Desikan R. Sesamol: a powerful functional food ingredient from sesame oil for cardioprotection. Food Funct 2020; 11:1198-1210. [PMID: 32037412 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytophenols are important bioactive food based chemical entities, largely present in several natural sources. Among them, sesamol is one of the key natural phenols found in sesame seeds, Piper cubeba etc. Several studies have reported that sesame oil is a potent cardioprotective functional food. Papers on the utility of sesamol in sesame oil (the chemical name of sesamol is methylenedioxyphenol, MDP) have appeared in the literature, though there is no single concise review on the usefulness of sesamol in sesame oil in CVD in the literature. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most challenging health problem encountered by the global population. There has been increasing interest in the growth of effective cardiovascular therapeutics, specifically of natural origin. Among various natural sources of chemicals, phytochemicals are micronutrients and bio-compatible scaffolds having an extraordinary efficacy at multiple disease targets with minimal or no adverse effect. This review offers a perspective on the existing literature on functional ingredients in sesame oil with particular focus on sesamol and its derivatives having nutritional and cardioprotective properties. This is demonstrated to have shown a specifically modulating oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other proteins which are detrimental to human well-being. The molecular mechanism of cardioprotection by this food ingredient is primarily attributed to the methylenedioxy group present in the sesamol component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Jayaraj
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Soubhye J, Van Antwerpen P, Dufrasne F. A patent review of myeloperoxidase inhibitors for treating chronic inflammatory syndromes (focus on cardiovascular diseases, 2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:595-608. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soubhye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Premkumar J, Sampath P, Sanjay R, Chandrakala A, Rajagopal D. Synthetic Guaiacol Derivatives as Promising Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors Targeting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1187-1199. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraj Premkumar
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced ScienceVellore Institute of Technology-Vellore Tamilnadu 632014 India
| | - Parthasarathy Sampath
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of Central Florida Orlando FL 32832 USA
| | - Rajagopalan Sanjay
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineHarrington Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland 44106 Ohio USA
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Aluganti Chandrakala
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of Central Florida Orlando FL 32832 USA
| | - Desikan Rajagopal
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Advanced ScienceVellore Institute of Technology-Vellore Tamilnadu 632014 India
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of Central Florida Orlando FL 32832 USA
| |
Collapse
|